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Economy of Mozambique vs Oman compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Mozambique has a GDP of $22.4B compared to $107B for Oman, ranking 123/197 and 70/197 by economy size, respectively.

Mozambique has $21.7B in government debt (101.1% of GDP), compared to $38B (35.4% of GDP) in Oman.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Mozambique
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Oman
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Mozambique Oman
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 - - $44,234,656 $1,249,211,742
1961 - - $45,634,487 $1,263,447,839
1962 - - $56,273,202 $1,518,510,059
1963 - - $59,912,763 $1,587,317,448
1964 - - $61,872,526 $1,588,503,801
1965 - - $63,279,975 $1,595,621,861
1966 - - $67,759,973 $1,678,665,421
1967 - - $107,151,832 $2,790,262,281
1968 - - $188,879,849 $5,075,146,585
1969 - - $239,999,808 $6,377,742,275
1970 - - $256,319,795 $7,263,935,714
1971 - - $301,010,587 $7,329,182,208
1972 - - $366,883,548 $8,049,290,789
1973 - - $483,066,991 $6,902,101,210
1974 - - $1,645,917,776 $7,695,760,470
1975 - - $2,096,699,189 $9,576,104,314
1976 - - $2,560,220,035 $11,543,047,911
1977 - - $2,741,169,948 $11,659,311,607
1978 - - $2,740,301,390 $11,228,671,308
1979 - - $3,733,352,635 $11,715,068,326
1980 - $2,851,825,334 $5,981,760,278 $12,422,124,728
1981 - $2,994,416,685 $7,259,120,151 $14,539,734,068
1982 - $2,787,801,951 $7,554,719,456 $16,221,957,658
1983 - $2,350,116,988 $7,932,541,691 $18,925,617,928
1984 - $2,197,359,386 $8,821,443,151 $22,088,390,354
1985 - $2,219,332,908 $10,005,645,420 $25,182,354,730
1986 - $2,168,288,339 $7,324,167,369 $25,686,545,709
1987 - $2,487,026,735 $7,811,183,095 $24,802,727,111
1988 - $2,690,962,807 $8,386,215,865 $26,281,968,614
1989 - $2,865,875,512 $9,372,171,651 $29,371,903,351
1990 - $2,894,534,062 $13,310,273,082 $29,333,594,830
1991 $3,854,856,435 $3,037,102,926 $12,918,335,501 $31,115,340,233
1992 $2,798,696,511 $2,806,992,351 $14,183,615,085 $33,733,348,947
1993 $2,883,161,897 $3,114,089,525 $14,230,429,129 $35,771,841,958
1994 $2,958,108,170 $3,314,642,611 $14,715,214,564 $37,158,277,767
1995 $3,061,646,174 $3,385,008,954 $15,722,236,671 $39,015,009,844
1996 $4,030,146,135 $3,747,066,498 $17,402,080,624 $40,203,383,600
1997 $4,873,663,775 $4,189,780,379 $18,039,791,938 $42,629,059,778
1998 $5,551,118,149 $4,624,228,448 $16,044,213,264 $42,600,125,690
1999 $6,285,219,691 $5,170,672,900 $17,832,769,831 $42,726,901,831
2000 $5,930,685,215 $5,210,292,404 $22,259,557,867 $45,372,727,045
2001 $5,650,154,067 $5,879,902,616 $22,205,721,717 $47,465,846,486
2002 $5,950,769,427 $6,448,401,314 $23,065,539,662 $47,093,635,558
2003 $6,583,526,861 $6,913,827,632 $24,733,680,104 $46,060,087,701
2004 $7,937,255,565 $7,481,086,790 $28,378,933,680 $46,977,841,908
2005 $8,868,504,900 $7,953,294,767 $35,506,892,068 $48,283,564,529
2006 $9,509,835,537 $8,741,520,167 $42,577,633,290 $50,538,317,581
2007 $10,811,456,006 $9,410,189,984 $48,300,390,117 $53,055,456,656
2008 $12,920,340,965 $10,057,425,621 $69,804,681,404 $57,803,951,303
2009 $12,263,894,790 $10,653,727,557 $55,454,096,229 $61,261,764,565
2010 $11,411,894,724 $11,365,367,724 $64,993,498,049 $62,776,154,507
2011 $14,619,279,989 $12,176,179,698 $77,497,529,259 $64,593,279,187
2012 $16,688,114,144 $13,149,604,768 $87,408,842,653 $70,318,260,490
2013 $17,198,073,057 $14,013,719,723 $89,936,020,806 $73,994,291,063
2014 $17,978,246,586 $15,093,136,077 $92,699,089,727 $74,950,483,987
2015 $16,208,985,770 $16,208,985,770 $78,710,793,238 $78,710,793,238
2016 $12,069,051,237 $16,970,320,250 $75,128,738,622 $82,682,873,556
2017 $13,264,640,646 $17,418,032,490 $80,856,697,009 $82,934,277,089
2018 $15,017,358,953 $18,025,039,082 $91,505,851,756 $84,001,727,416
2019 $15,512,759,047 $18,442,825,952 $88,060,858,257 $83,053,651,985
2020 $14,235,420,174 $18,217,911,540 $75,909,492,848 $80,246,670,661
2021 $16,168,055,475 $18,651,030,678 $87,323,797,139 $82,318,780,120
2022 $18,883,528,581 $19,465,045,725 $109,852,795,839 $88,892,516,940
2023 $20,954,220,984 $20,523,332,839 $105,895,708,713 $89,947,791,028
2024 $22,416,650,343 $20,903,378,791 $106,942,782,835 $91,453,585,977

Economic indicators

Mozambique Oman
Gross domestic product
$22.4B
2024
$107B
2024
GDP rank
123/197
2024
70/197
2024
GDP growth
6.98%
2023-2024
0.99%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$647
2024
$20,248
2024
GDP per capita rank
190/197
2024
57/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$1,700
2024
$41,664
2024
Government debt
$21.7B
2024
$38B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
101.1%
2025
35.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$625
2024
$7,191
2024
Government debt per person rank
158/185
2024
68/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,107
2025
$20,368
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$22.3B
2022
Number of billionaires n/a
2
2025
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2022
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
1.7%
2022
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
32.2%
2025
28.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
4.9%
2024-2025
0.9%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
10.3%
2025
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.79%
2022
3.3%
2022
Population
36441519
5636678

GDP per capita in Mozambique vs Oman

Mozambique's GDP per capita is $647, ranking 190/197, compared to $20,248 in Oman, ranking 57/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Mozambique ranks 193rd at $1,700, while Oman ranks 54th at $41,664.

Mozambique
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Oman
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Mozambique Oman
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 - - $83.4 -
1961 - - $84.5 -
1962 - - $102.3 -
1963 - - $106.8 -
1964 - - $108.1 -
1965 - - $108.1 -
1966 - - $113.2 -
1967 - - $174.7 -
1968 - - $300 -
1969 - - $372 -
1970 - - $387 -
1971 - - $442 -
1972 - - $524 -
1973 - - $670 -
1974 - - $2,203 -
1975 - - $2,692 -
1976 - - $3,143 -
1977 - - $3,205 -
1978 - - $3,044 -
1979 - - $3,934 -
1980 - - $5,974 -
1981 - - $6,866 -
1982 - - $6,759 -
1983 - - $6,714 -
1984 - - $7,070 -
1985 - - $7,549 -
1986 - - $5,182 -
1987 - - $5,204 -
1988 - - $5,279 -
1989 - - $5,591 -
1990 - $296 $7,546 $26,904
1991 $288.7 $315 $6,977 $28,109
1992 $205.6 $292 $7,318 $29,773
1993 $205.2 $321 $7,039 $30,987
1994 $196.8 $326 $7,068 $31,925
1995 $191.8 $321 $7,414 $33,598
1996 $244.4 $350 $8,068 $34,661
1997 $287.5 $387 $8,235 $36,809
1998 $320 $422 $7,219 $36,666
1999 $354 $468 $7,915 $36,792
2000 $327 $472 $9,754 $39,443
2001 $305 $533 $9,612 $41,679
2002 $314 $580 $9,869 $41,511
2003 $339 $620 $10,464 $40,935
2004 $400 $673 $11,801 $42,142
2005 $437 $721 $14,435 $43,673
2006 $457 $798 $16,931 $46,091
2007 $508 $862 $18,793 $48,627
2008 $592 $916 $26,577 $52,841
2009 $548 $951 $20,656 $55,127
2010 $496 $1,000 $23,570 $55,667
2011 $618 $1,064 $25,188 $52,393
2012 $686 $1,076 $24,642 $49,989
2013 $687 $1,114 $23,458 $47,013
2014 $697 $1,166 $23,161 $44,236
2015 $611 $1,318 $18,808 $36,058
2016 $441 $1,379 $17,110 $33,334
2017 $471 $1,283 $17,820 $33,619
2018 $518 $1,326 $19,902 $37,780
2019 $519 $1,389 $19,180 $37,251
2020 $462 $1,412 $16,785 $35,163
2021 $510 $1,457 $19,403 $38,719
2022 $578 $1,582 $23,224 $42,616
2023 $623 $1,678 $20,972 $41,851
2024 $647 $1,700 $20,248 $41,664

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Mozambique's government spending was $7.59B, accounting for 32.2% of its GDP, while Oman's spent $29.9B, or 28.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 101.1% in Mozambique and 35.4% in Oman, ranking 21/185 and 146/185, respectively.

Mozambique
Government spending

Government debt
Oman
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Mozambique Oman
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1980 14.2% - - -
1981 23.8% - - -
1982 27% - - -
1983 35.3% - - -
1984 30.9% - - -
1985 21% - - -
1986 24.2% - - -
1987 22.9% - - -
1988 27% - - -
1989 27% - - -
1990 21% - 36.5% 17.8%
1991 17.3% - 37.4% 22.6%
1992 21.1% - 40.1% 23.1%
1993 20.7% - 40.1% 22.2%
1994 22.9% - 39.7% 23.6%
1995 18.8% - 38.2% 21.9%
1996 14.9% - 33.5% 21.2%
1997 16.5% - 32.1% 20.8%
1998 14.9% - 36.1% 30.9%
1999 15.6% 94.7% 34.2% 28.9%
2000 17.2% 95.8% 31.2% 21.7%
2001 20.8% 99.8% 33.3% 22.5%
2002 18.6% 63.4% 34.1% 15.9%
2003 18.6% 63.2% 34% 13%
2004 17.8% 50.8% 34.1% 14.5%
2005 17% 60.1% 30.6% 8.39%
2006 20.1% 40% 30.1% 7.56%
2007 20.9% 31.2% 30.7% 4.44%
2008 21.3% 32.8% 25.6% 3.2%
2009 25.7% 39.3% 33.4% 5.8%
2010 26.6% 38.6% 30.6% 5.46%
2011 28.9% 34.2% 34.5% 4.44%
2012 28.1% 36.7% 38.6% 4.59%
2013 31.7% 49.5% 39.3% 4.66%
2014 39.7% 63.4% 41.4% 4.04%
2015 32.2% 86% 44.5% 13.9%
2016 28.7% 124.8% 44.6% 29.3%
2017 28.6% 103.8% 39.4% 40.1%
2018 31.2% 105.5% 38.3% 44.7%
2019 28% 98.3% 38.8% 52.5%
2020 33.9% 120% 44.5% 67.9%
2021 32.1% 104.3% 36.5% 61.9%
2022 32.9% 100.3% 30.9% 41.7%
2023 33.3% 90.8% 27.5% 37.5%
2024 33.9% 96.6% 27.9% 35.5%
2025 32.2% 101.1% 28.2% 35.4%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Mozambique's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$1.43B, equivalent to -6.38% of GDP. This compares to Oman's surplus of $6.75B, or 6.31% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Mozambique recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while Oman ran a deficit in 14 years. On average, Mozambique posted an annual deficit equal to -3.38% of GDP, compared to surplus of +0.97% of GDP for Oman.

Deficit/surplus
Mozambique

Oman
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Mozambique Oman
1980 -1.47% -
1981 -7.41% -
1982 -3.61% -
1983 -15.8% -
1984 -13.4% -
1985 -9.69% -
1986 -12.1% -
1987 -7.24% -
1988 -6.47% -
1989 -4.23% -
1990 -4.42% 4.78%
1991 -2.01% 0.12%
1992 -1.85% -4.85%
1993 -2.53% -6.84%
1994 -4% -7.47%
1995 -2.46% -3.9%
1996 -2.07% 2.22%
1997 -1.81% 4.77%
1998 -1.08% -4.37%
1999 -0.31% 0.3%
2000 -1.26% 12.2%
2001 -4.43% 7.55%
2002 -3.36% 5.31%
2003 -2.64% 5.92%
2004 -3.17% 5.43%
2005 -2.06% 11.2%
2006 -3.03% 12.2%
2007 -2.19% 10.5%
2008 -1.9% 14.7%
2009 -4.35% -0.27%
2010 -3.4% 4.95%
2011 -4.34% 8.24%
2012 -3.45% 4.07%
2013 -2.46% 2.78%
2014 -9.75% -1.58%
2015 -6.55% -13.5%
2016 -5.06% -19.6%
2017 -1.99% -10.5%
2018 -5.7% -6.72%
2019 1.7% -4.83%
2020 -6.19% -15.7%
2021 -5.23% -3.17%
2022 -5.22% 10.5%
2023 -4.23% 6.87%
2024 -6.38% 6.31%
2025 -5.58% 1.24%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 30 years, Mozambique has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 9.54%, compared with 1.65% in Oman. In 2025, inflation was 4.9% in Mozambique and 0.9% in Oman.

Inflation
Mozambique

Oman
Year Inflation
Mozambique Oman Mozambique Oman
1996 48.5% 0.5%
1997 7.4% -0.4%
1998 1.5% 0.4%
1999 2.9% 0.5%
2000 12.7% -1.2%
2001 9.1% -0.8%
2002 16.8% -0.3%
2003 13.5% 0.2%
2004 12.6% 0.8%
2005 6.4% 1.9%
2006 13.2% 3.2%
2007 10.4% 5.9%
2008 14.5% 12.6%
2009 3.8% 3.5%
2010 12.4% 3.3%
2011 11.2% 4.1%
2012 2.6% 2.9%
2013 4.3% 1.3%
2014 2.6% 1.2%
2015 3.6% 0.1%
2016 18.4% 0.9%
2017 15.8% 1.5%
2018 3.2% 0.7%
2019 5.7% 0.5%
2020 0.9% -0.4%
2021 6.6% 1.7%
2022 10.4% 2.5%
2023 7% 1%
2024 3.2% 0.6%
2025 4.9% 0.9%

Top exports between countries

Mozambique
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $1.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $448K
Metals $396K
Raw agricultural goods $200K
Machinery & equipment $122K
Oman
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $237M
Animal & marine products $130M
Chemicals & pharma $25.5M
Machinery & equipment $8.87M
Metals $3.86M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.18M
Textiles & consumer goods $544K
Wood & paper products $342K
Miscellaneous $4K

Balance of trade

Mozambique Oman
Current account balance
-$2.49B
2024
$2.64B
2023
Current account balance ranking
148/189
2024
40/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-11.1%
2024
+2.49%
2023
Goods imports
$8.38B
2024
$35.2B
2023
Goods exports
$8.21B
2024
$59B
2023
Service imports
$2.11B
2024
$12.2B
2023
Service exports
$1.15B
2024
$5.73B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.9%
2024
44.8%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.7%
2024
61.1%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Mozambique Oman
Economic freedom 50.7 65.4
Economic freedom ranking 163/197 64/197
Property rights 31.6 74.5
Government integrity 24.9 42.3
Judicial effectiveness 44.9 25.5
Tax burden 75.4 97.6
Government spending 68.8 70.8
Fiscal health 51.9 63.2
Business freedom 37.3 68.1
Labor freedom 47.7 52.2
Monetary freedom 72.3 82.5
Trade freedom 74 78.2
Investment freedom 40 70
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Mozambique is 50.7, ranking 163/197, compared to 65.4 for Oman, ranking 64/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Mozambique
Oman
Year Economic freedom index
Mozambique Oman
1995 45.5 70.2
1996 48.4 65.4
1997 44 64.5
1998 43 64.9
1999 48.9 64.9
2000 52.2 64.1
2001 59.2 67.7
2002 57.7 64
2003 58.6 64.6
2004 57.2 66.9
2005 54.6 66.5
2006 51.9 63.7
2007 54.7 65.8
2008 55.4 67.3
2009 55.7 67
2010 56 67.7
2011 56.8 69.8
2012 57.1 67.9
2013 55 68.1
2014 55 67.4
2015 54.8 66.7
2016 53.2 67.1
2017 49.9 62.1
2018 46.3 61
2019 48.6 61
2020 50.5 63.6
2021 51.6 64.6
2022 51.3 56.6
2023 52.5 58.5
2024 50.7 62.9
2025 50.7 65.4

More economic indicators

Mozambique Oman
Services, % of GDP
38.4%
2024
46.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
54.2%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
26.3%
2024
2.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$18.9B
2024
$102B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$1,510
2024
$38,840
2024
Total reserves including gold
$3.84B
2024
$18.3B
2024
Total reserves ranking
108/177
2024
64/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$3.55B
2024
-$12.1B
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$3.51B
2024
$8.69B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$44.1M
2024
$1.04B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
22.7%
2023
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
65%
2022
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.1%
2024
26.7%
2023

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.