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Economy of Denmark vs Oman compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Denmark has a GDP of $429B compared to $107B for Oman, ranking 38/197 and 70/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $120B in government debt (26.6% of GDP), compared to $38B (35.4% of GDP) in Oman.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Denmark
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Oman
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Denmark Oman
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $6,361,166,545 $80,238,063,131 $44,234,656 $1,249,211,742
1961 $7,058,361,229 $85,356,314,760 $45,634,487 $1,263,447,839
1962 $7,953,274,741 $90,193,305,331 $56,273,202 $1,518,510,059
1963 $8,466,044,980 $90,767,855,838 $59,912,763 $1,587,317,448
1964 $9,677,401,337 $99,181,979,992 $61,872,526 $1,588,503,801
1965 $10,870,670,865 $103,699,971,911 $63,279,975 $1,595,621,861
1966 $11,931,740,293 $106,542,294,924 $67,759,973 $1,678,665,421
1967 $13,059,064,806 $112,813,620,773 $107,151,832 $2,790,262,281
1968 $13,505,574,133 $119,416,599,037 $188,879,849 $5,075,146,585
1969 $15,414,902,667 $127,535,877,471 $239,999,808 $6,377,742,275
1970 $17,075,457,733 $129,902,945,560 $256,319,795 $7,263,935,714
1971 $19,086,192,720 $134,031,029,530 $301,010,587 $7,329,182,208
1972 $23,230,667,549 $139,120,989,452 $366,883,548 $8,049,290,789
1973 $30,718,181,337 $145,686,794,688 $483,066,991 $6,902,101,210
1974 $34,125,712,481 $144,281,984,443 $1,645,917,776 $7,695,760,470
1975 $40,418,967,666 $142,247,753,419 $2,096,699,189 $9,576,104,314
1976 $44,503,607,444 $150,773,233,048 $2,560,220,035 $11,543,047,911
1977 $49,711,709,588 $153,766,730,433 $2,741,169,948 $11,659,311,607
1978 $60,320,089,218 $157,483,262,379 $2,740,301,390 $11,228,671,308
1979 $70,393,030,603 $163,866,531,124 $3,733,352,635 $11,715,068,326
1980 $70,811,287,816 $162,635,188,845 $5,981,760,278 $12,422,124,728
1981 $61,459,941,461 $161,430,084,232 $7,259,120,151 $14,539,734,068
1982 $60,084,214,872 $167,713,124,649 $7,554,719,456 $16,221,957,658
1983 $60,331,158,447 $172,165,579,297 $7,932,541,691 $18,925,617,928
1984 $58,868,891,335 $179,636,437,842 $8,821,443,151 $22,088,390,354
1985 $62,452,421,011 $187,096,889,700 $10,005,645,420 $25,182,354,730
1986 $87,748,695,217 $195,952,945,326 $7,324,167,369 $25,686,545,709
1987 $109,183,446,340 $196,860,120,911 $7,811,183,095 $24,802,727,111
1988 $115,540,189,705 $197,397,452,814 $8,386,215,865 $26,281,968,614
1989 $112,312,200,761 $198,773,654,972 $9,372,171,651 $29,371,903,351
1990 $138,217,740,684 $202,073,829,845 $13,310,273,082 $29,333,594,830
1991 $139,180,507,778 $205,020,430,124 $12,918,335,501 $31,115,340,233
1992 $152,966,494,260 $209,167,606,432 $14,183,615,085 $33,733,348,947
1993 $143,111,306,004 $209,002,572,327 $14,230,429,129 $35,771,841,958
1994 $156,017,919,221 $220,068,623,481 $14,715,214,564 $37,158,277,767
1995 $184,848,481,008 $226,754,355,587 $15,722,236,671 $39,015,009,844
1996 $187,481,157,846 $233,320,596,409 $17,402,080,624 $40,203,383,600
1997 $173,241,365,735 $240,713,316,197 $18,039,791,938 $42,629,059,778
1998 $176,877,077,513 $246,313,036,680 $16,044,213,264 $42,600,125,690
1999 $177,887,720,536 $253,621,896,626 $17,832,769,831 $42,726,901,831
2000 $164,043,817,224 $263,066,798,869 $22,259,557,867 $45,372,727,045
2001 $164,881,594,415 $265,566,018,287 $22,205,721,717 $47,465,846,486
2002 $178,788,209,558 $266,778,406,880 $23,065,539,662 $47,093,635,558
2003 $218,421,193,436 $267,955,142,441 $24,733,680,104 $46,060,087,701
2004 $251,986,155,631 $275,394,519,881 $28,378,933,680 $46,977,841,908
2005 $265,150,087,712 $281,892,753,289 $35,506,892,068 $48,283,564,529
2006 $283,386,151,544 $292,651,155,543 $42,577,633,290 $50,538,317,581
2007 $320,213,157,595 $295,540,131,122 $48,300,390,117 $53,055,456,656
2008 $354,979,471,960 $294,307,201,414 $69,804,681,404 $57,803,951,303
2009 $322,619,152,195 $279,666,951,317 $55,454,096,229 $61,261,764,565
2010 $322,345,594,075 $284,093,791,187 $64,993,498,049 $62,776,154,507
2011 $344,315,595,263 $287,817,703,286 $77,497,529,259 $64,593,279,187
2012 $326,792,574,245 $287,802,068,160 $87,408,842,653 $70,318,260,490
2013 $344,631,016,965 $291,810,211,099 $89,936,020,806 $73,994,291,063
2014 $352,832,602,064 $295,539,545,107 $92,699,089,727 $74,950,483,987
2015 $301,758,922,338 $301,758,922,338 $78,710,793,238 $78,710,793,238
2016 $312,181,849,372 $311,032,111,298 $75,128,738,622 $82,682,873,556
2017 $331,610,593,962 $320,538,736,986 $80,856,697,009 $82,934,277,089
2018 $355,293,374,912 $326,500,781,503 $91,505,851,756 $84,001,727,416
2019 $345,401,473,013 $332,088,518,944 $88,060,858,257 $83,053,651,985
2020 $355,631,021,932 $326,176,991,232 $75,909,492,848 $80,246,670,661
2021 $408,378,204,640 $350,255,593,093 $87,323,797,139 $82,318,780,120
2022 $401,945,576,108 $355,650,135,426 $109,852,795,839 $88,892,516,940
2023 $407,091,920,305 $364,524,261,929 $105,895,708,713 $89,947,791,028
2024 $429,457,372,072 $377,924,893,185 $106,942,782,835 $91,453,585,977

Economic indicators

Denmark Oman
Gross domestic product
$429B
2024
$107B
2024
GDP rank
38/197
2024
70/197
2024
GDP growth
5.49%
2023-2024
0.99%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$71,852
2024
$20,248
2024
GDP per capita rank
12/197
2024
57/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$79,514
2024
$41,664
2024
Government debt
$120B
2024
$38B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
26.6%
2025
35.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$20,114
2024
$7,191
2024
Government debt per person rank
31/185
2024
68/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$50,067
2025
$20,368
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
$22.3B
2022
Number of billionaires
9
2025
2
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
48.4%
2025
28.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.37%
2023-2024
0.9%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.15%
2024
3.3%
2022
Population
6018959
5636678

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Oman

Denmark's GDP per capita is $71,852, ranking 12/197, compared to $20,248 in Oman, ranking 57/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $79,514, while Oman ranks 54th at $41,664.

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Oman
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Denmark Oman
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,389 - $83.4 -
1961 $1,531 - $84.5 -
1962 $1,711 - $102.3 -
1963 $1,807 - $106.8 -
1964 $2,049 - $108.1 -
1965 $2,284 - $108.1 -
1966 $2,487 - $113.2 -
1967 $2,701 - $174.7 -
1968 $2,776 - $300 -
1969 $3,151 - $372 -
1970 $3,464 - $387 -
1971 $3,846 - $442 -
1972 $4,654 - $524 -
1973 $6,117 - $670 -
1974 $6,764 - $2,203 -
1975 $7,988 - $2,692 -
1976 $8,773 - $3,143 -
1977 $9,770 - $3,205 -
1978 $11,818 - $3,044 -
1979 $13,757 - $3,934 -
1980 $13,822 - $5,974 -
1981 $12,000 - $6,866 -
1982 $11,740 - $6,759 -
1983 $11,797 - $6,714 -
1984 $11,517 - $7,070 -
1985 $12,213 - $7,549 -
1986 $17,137 - $5,182 -
1987 $21,296 - $5,204 -
1988 $22,525 - $5,279 -
1989 $21,882 - $5,591 -
1990 $26,886 $18,227 $7,546 $26,904
1991 $27,003 $19,055 $6,977 $28,109
1992 $29,579 $19,818 $7,318 $29,773
1993 $27,582 $20,204 $7,039 $30,987
1994 $29,968 $21,655 $7,068 $31,925
1995 $35,321 $22,662 $7,414 $33,598
1996 $35,622 $23,714 $8,068 $34,661
1997 $32,780 $24,881 $8,235 $36,809
1998 $33,346 $25,797 $7,219 $36,666
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $7,915 $36,792
2000 $30,722 $28,642 $9,754 $39,443
2001 $30,768 $29,462 $9,612 $41,679
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $9,869 $41,511
2003 $40,519 $30,868 $10,464 $40,935
2004 $46,625 $33,020 $11,801 $42,142
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $14,435 $43,673
2006 $52,119 $37,400 $16,931 $46,091
2007 $58,632 $39,112 $18,793 $48,627
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $26,577 $52,841
2009 $58,413 $40,503 $20,656 $55,127
2010 $58,105 $43,042 $23,570 $55,667
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $25,188 $52,393
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $24,642 $49,989
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $23,458 $47,013
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $23,161 $44,236
2015 $53,094 $48,910 $18,808 $36,058
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $17,110 $33,334
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $17,820 $33,619
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $19,902 $37,780
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $19,180 $37,251
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $16,785 $35,163
2021 $69,728 $69,715 $19,403 $38,719
2022 $68,091 $77,400 $23,224 $42,616
2023 $68,454 $73,737 $20,972 $41,851
2024 $71,852 $79,514 $20,248 $41,664

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Denmark's government spending was $200B, accounting for 48.4% of its GDP, while Oman's spent $29.9B, or 28.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 26.6% in Denmark and 35.4% in Oman, ranking 166/185 and 146/185, respectively.

Denmark
Government spending

Government debt
Oman
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Denmark Oman
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 16.4% 20.1% - -
1961 15.6% 16.4% - -
1962 17% 15.3% - -
1963 18.2% 13.7% - -
1964 17.6% 14.5% - -
1965 17.1% 12.9% - -
1966 21.1% 11.2% - -
1967 22.2% 10.1% - -
1968 24.3% 9.36% - -
1969 25.3% 8.36% - -
1970 24.4% 7.62% - -
1971 42.2% 12.9% - -
1972 42.1% 11.5% - -
1973 39.5% 8.94% - -
1974 43.6% 6.2% - -
1975 45.3% 7.01% - -
1976 45% 11.4% - -
1977 45.6% 15.2% - -
1978 47.2% 25.5% - -
1979 49.6% 31.8% - -
1980 52.7% 39.2% - -
1981 56.3% 51.7% - -
1982 57.7% 64.5% - -
1983 57.9% 74.2% - -
1984 56.6% 77.7% - -
1985 55.5% 74.7% - -
1986 52.3% 66.8% - -
1987 54% 62.5% - -
1988 56.1% 64.7% - -
1989 56.2% 62.2% - -
1990 55.1% 62.4% 36.5% 17.8%
1991 55.5% 63.2% 37.4% 22.6%
1992 56.4% 66.7% 40.1% 23.1%
1993 59.5% 78.7% 40.1% 22.2%
1994 59.5% 75.3% 39.7% 23.6%
1995 58.7% 71.5% 38.2% 21.9%
1996 58.2% 68.3% 33.5% 21.2%
1997 56.2% 64.4% 32.1% 20.8%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 36.1% 30.9%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 34.2% 28.9%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 31.2% 21.7%
2001 53% 50.1% 33.3% 22.5%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 34.1% 15.9%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 34% 13%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 34.1% 14.5%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 30.6% 8.39%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 30.1% 7.56%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 30.7% 4.44%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 25.6% 3.2%
2009 56.3% 43% 33.4% 5.8%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 30.6% 5.46%
2011 56.3% 50% 34.5% 4.44%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 38.6% 4.59%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 39.3% 4.66%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 41.4% 4.04%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 44.5% 13.9%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 44.6% 29.3%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 39.4% 40.1%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 38.3% 44.7%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 38.8% 52.5%
2020 53.3% 46.3% 44.5% 67.9%
2021 49.4% 40.5% 36.5% 61.9%
2022 44.9% 34.1% 30.9% 41.7%
2023 46.8% 33.6% 27.5% 37.5%
2024 46.5% 28% 27.9% 35.5%
2025 48.4% 26.6% 28.2% 35.4%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $19.3B, equivalent to 4.5% of GDP. This compares to Oman's surplus of $6.75B, or 6.31% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 15 of those years, while Oman ran a deficit in 14 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to +0.44% of GDP, compared to surplus of +1.08% of GDP for Oman.

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Oman
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Oman
1880 -2.65% -
1881 0.42% -
1882 0.35% -
1883 0.73% -
1884 1.2% -
1885 0.48% -
1886 -0.39% -
1887 -0.68% -
1888 -0.49% -
1889 -0.55% -
1890 -0.97% -
1891 -0.76% -
1892 -0.73% -
1893 -0.42% -
1894 -0.26% -
1895 -0.17% -
1896 -0.07% -
1897 -0.61% -
1898 -0.43% -
1899 -0.59% -
1900 -0.84% -
1901 -0.71% -
1902 -0.06% -
1903 0.03% -
1904 -0.1% -
1905 0.22% -
1906 -0.42% -
1907 0.26% -
1908 -0.82% -
1909 -2.49% -
1910 -1.72% -
1911 -1.02% -
1912 0.13% -
1913 0.07% -
1914 0.43% -
1915 -0.48% -
1916 1.51% -
1917 3.1% -
1918 1.95% -
1919 -0.38% -
1920 -0.46% -
1921 -2.41% -
1922 -1.33% -
1923 -0.56% -
1924 -0.8% -
1925 -3.1% -
1926 -0.48% -
1927 -2.33% -
1928 -4.99% -
1929 0.13% -
1930 0.03% -
1931 -1.67% -
1932 -3.22% -
1933 1.69% -
1934 0.03% -
1935 -0.97% -
1936 -1.36% -
1937 0.22% -
1938 0.03% -
1939 0% -
1940 0% -
1941 0% -
1942 0% -
1943 0% -
1944 0% -
1945 -1.03% -
1946 2.69% -
1947 0.84% -
1948 1.07% -
1949 0.63% -
1950 1.08% -
1951 0.79% -
1952 1.18% -
1953 1.75% -
1954 -0.84% -
1955 -1.17% -
1956 -0.01% -
1957 0.26% -
1958 0.25% -
1959 0.79% -
1960 1.25% -
1961 1.73% -
1962 -0.09% -
1963 1.2% -
1964 1.79% -
1965 2.13% -
1966 0.99% -
1967 1.49% -
1968 -0.06% -
1969 0.3% -
1970 0.7% -
1971 4.96% -
1972 5.01% -
1973 4.97% -
1974 3.7% -
1975 -1.23% -
1976 0.19% -
1977 0.37% -
1978 0.41% -
1979 -0.69% -
1980 -2.32% -
1981 -5.84% -
1982 -8.22% -
1983 -6.29% -
1984 -3.58% -
1985 -1.38% -
1986 3.23% -
1987 2.46% -
1988 1.46% -
1989 0.3% -
1990 -1.78% 4.78%
1991 -3.15% 0.12%
1992 -2.6% -4.85%
1993 -3.73% -6.84%
1994 -3.85% -7.47%
1995 -3.5% -3.9%
1996 -2.4% 2.22%
1997 -1.22% 4.77%
1998 -0.28% -4.37%
1999 1.06% 0.3%
2000 1.79% 12.2%
2001 1.13% 7.55%
2002 0.25% 5.31%
2003 0.14% 5.92%
2004 2.23% 5.43%
2005 5.2% 11.2%
2006 5.29% 12.2%
2007 5.31% 10.5%
2008 3.46% 14.7%
2009 -2.75% -0.27%
2010 -2.52% 4.95%
2011 -1.77% 8.24%
2012 -3.2% 4.07%
2013 -0.94% 2.78%
2014 1.43% -1.58%
2015 -0.9% -13.5%
2016 0.3% -19.6%
2017 1.69% -10.5%
2018 0.81% -6.72%
2019 4.28% -4.83%
2020 0.36% -15.7%
2021 4.1% -3.17%
2022 3.44% 10.5%
2023 3.31% 6.87%
2024 4.5% 6.31%
2025 1.2% 1.24%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 1.68% in Oman. In 2024, inflation was 1.37% in Denmark and 0.9% in Oman.

Inflation
Denmark

Oman
Year Inflation
Denmark Oman Denmark Oman
1996 2.13% 0.5%
1997 2.18% -0.4%
1998 1.85% 0.4%
1999 2.5% 0.5%
2000 2.9% -1.2%
2001 2.34% -0.8%
2002 2.42% -0.3%
2003 2.08% 0.2%
2004 1.15% 0.8%
2005 1.82% 1.9%
2006 1.92% 3.2%
2007 1.69% 5.9%
2008 3.42% 12.6%
2009 1.3% 3.5%
2010 2.31% 3.3%
2011 2.76% 4.1%
2012 2.4% 2.9%
2013 0.79% 1.3%
2014 0.56% 1.2%
2015 0.45% 0.1%
2016 0.25% 0.9%
2017 1.15% 1.5%
2018 0.81% 0.7%
2019 0.76% 0.5%
2020 0.42% -0.4%
2021 1.85% 1.7%
2022 7.7% 2.5%
2023 3.31% 1%
2024 1.37% 0.6%
2025 - 0.9%

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $45.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $25.9M
Chemicals & pharma $10.8M
Machinery & equipment $10.7M
Miscellaneous $1.58M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.39M
Metals $1.17M
Raw agricultural goods $372K
Raw materials & minerals $296K
Wood & paper products $107K
Oman
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $4.41M
Machinery & equipment $974K
Metals $49K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $45K
Textiles & consumer goods $38K
Raw materials & minerals $21K
Animal & marine products $14K
Raw agricultural goods $14K
Miscellaneous $12K

Balance of trade

Denmark Oman
Current account balance
$52.1B
2024
$2.64B
2023
Current account balance ranking
11/189
2024
40/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.1%
2024
+2.49%
2023
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$35.2B
2023
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$59B
2023
Service imports
$125B
2024
$12.2B
2023
Service exports
$129B
2024
$5.73B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
58.9%
2024
44.8%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
69.7%
2024
61.1%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Oman
Economic freedom 79.1 65.4
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 64/197
Property rights 99.3 74.5
Government integrity 98 42.3
Judicial effectiveness 90.5 25.5
Tax burden 45 97.6
Government spending 33.6 70.8
Fiscal health 98.2 63.2
Business freedom 93 68.1
Labor freedom 64.9 52.2
Monetary freedom 76.6 82.5
Trade freedom 79.6 78.2
Investment freedom 90 70
Financial freedom 80 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79.1, ranking 8/197, compared to 65.4 for Oman, ranking 64/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Denmark
Oman
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Oman
1995 - 70.2
1996 67.3 65.4
1997 67.5 64.5
1998 67.5 64.9
1999 68.1 64.9
2000 68.3 64.1
2001 68.3 67.7
2002 71.1 64
2003 73.2 64.6
2004 72.4 66.9
2005 75.3 66.5
2006 75.4 63.7
2007 77 65.8
2008 79.2 67.3
2009 79.6 67
2010 77.9 67.7
2011 78.6 69.8
2012 76.2 67.9
2013 76.1 68.1
2014 76.1 67.4
2015 76.3 66.7
2016 75.3 67.1
2017 75.1 62.1
2018 76.6 61
2019 76.7 61
2020 78.3 63.6
2021 77.8 64.6
2022 78 56.6
2023 77.6 58.5
2024 77.8 62.9
2025 79.1 65.4

More economic indicators

Denmark Oman
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
46.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2024
54.2%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.74%
2024
2.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$441B
2024
$102B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$82,240
2024
$38,840
2024
Total reserves including gold
$108B
2024
$18.3B
2024
Total reserves ranking
25/177
2024
64/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$11.9B
2024
-$12.1B
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.5B
2024
$8.69B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.4B
2024
$1.04B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.6%
2024
26.7%
2023

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.