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Economy of Belgium vs Oman compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belgium has a GDP of $671B compared to $107B for Oman, ranking 23/197 and 70/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belgium has $703B in government debt (104.7% of GDP), compared to $38B (35.5% of GDP) in Oman.

Belgium vs Oman GDP by year

Belgium
Oman
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belgium Oman
2024 $671,370,081,636 $107,137,198,769
2023 $651,330,595,110 $106,174,708,037
2022 $591,085,783,326 $109,852,795,839
2021 $598,522,422,242 $87,323,797,139
2020 $529,694,473,502 $75,909,492,848
2019 $536,726,344,405 $88,060,858,257
2018 $542,638,913,428 $91,505,851,756
2017 $500,908,767,352 $80,856,697,009
2016 $474,271,566,740 $75,128,738,622
2015 $461,044,767,545 $78,710,793,238
2014 $537,987,419,164 $92,699,089,727
2013 $524,097,026,599 $89,936,020,806
2012 $498,414,364,945 $87,408,842,653
2011 $527,196,649,049 $77,497,529,259
2010 $481,556,503,720 $64,993,498,049
2009 $485,014,525,992 $55,454,096,229
2008 $517,328,087,920 $69,804,681,404
2007 $470,922,156,309 $48,300,390,117
2006 $408,259,840,869 $42,577,633,290
2005 $385,714,762,230 $35,506,892,068
2004 $369,214,712,443 $28,378,933,680
2003 $318,082,528,507 $24,733,680,104
2002 $258,383,599,375 $23,065,539,662
2001 $236,746,141,604 $22,205,721,717
2000 $236,792,460,312 $22,259,557,867
1999 $258,245,733,221 $17,832,769,831
1998 $258,528,339,631 $16,044,213,264
1997 $252,708,051,421 $18,039,791,938
1996 $279,201,433,225 $17,402,080,624
1995 $288,025,588,396 $15,722,236,671
1994 $244,884,129,491 $14,715,214,564
1993 $224,721,795,709 $14,230,429,129
1992 $234,781,652,447 $14,183,615,085
1991 $210,510,999,409 $12,918,335,501
1990 $205,331,747,948 $13,310,273,082
1989 $164,221,056,511 $9,372,171,651
1988 $162,299,103,675 $8,386,215,865
1987 $149,394,404,106 $7,811,183,095
1986 $120,018,787,249 $7,324,167,369
1985 $86,268,264,148 $10,005,645,420
1984 $83,349,530,159 $8,821,443,151
1983 $87,184,239,053 $7,932,541,691
1982 $92,095,926,188 $7,554,719,456
1981 $104,730,018,470 $7,259,120,151
1980 $126,829,314,388 $5,981,760,278
1979 $116,315,456,797 $3,733,352,635
1978 $101,246,526,194 $2,740,301,390
1977 $82,839,905,459 $2,741,169,948
1976 $71,113,882,968 $2,560,220,035
1975 $65,678,189,097 $2,096,699,189
1974 $56,033,077,879 $1,645,917,776
1973 $47,743,801,490 $483,066,991
1972 $37,209,418,019 $366,883,548
1971 $29,821,661,870 $301,010,587
1970 $26,706,196,047 $256,319,795
1969 $24,019,653,475 $239,999,808
1968 $21,654,856,965 $188,879,849
1967 $20,252,508,995 $107,151,832
1966 $18,894,891,312 $67,759,973
1965 $17,597,783,297 $63,279,975
1964 $16,168,044,450 $61,872,526
1963 $14,445,805,381 $59,912,763
1962 $13,436,827,167 $56,273,202
1961 $12,561,701,694 $45,634,487
1960 $11,810,619,368 $44,234,656

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/oman | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belgium vs Oman by year

Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Oman
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belgium Oman
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $56,615 $73,514 $20,285 $41,740
2023 $55,291 $71,946 $21,028 $41,945
2022 $50,606 $69,128 $23,224 $42,616
2021 $51,658 $60,669 $19,403 $38,719
2020 $45,906 $56,120 $16,785 $35,163
2019 $46,717 $56,712 $19,180 $37,251
2018 $47,487 $52,467 $19,902 $37,780
2017 $44,035 $50,256 $17,820 $33,619
2016 $41,855 $48,415 $17,110 $33,334
2015 $40,894 $46,072 $18,808 $36,058
2014 $47,996 $45,148 $23,161 $44,236
2013 $46,965 $43,864 $23,458 $47,013
2012 $44,874 $42,484 $24,642 $49,989
2011 $47,761 $41,245 $25,188 $52,393
2010 $44,197 $39,840 $23,570 $55,667
2009 $44,923 $37,906 $20,656 $55,127
2008 $48,303 $37,883 $26,577 $52,841
2007 $44,319 $36,798 $18,793 $48,627
2006 $38,705 $35,251 $16,931 $46,091
2005 $36,810 $33,178 $14,435 $43,673
2004 $35,429 $32,060 $11,801 $42,142
2003 $30,655 $30,931 $10,464 $40,935
2002 $25,006 $30,282 $9,869 $41,511
2001 $23,015 $28,794 $9,612 $41,679
2000 $23,099 $27,794 $9,754 $39,443
1999 $25,253 $25,441 $7,915 $36,792
1998 $25,338 $24,370 $7,219 $36,666
1997 $24,821 $23,733 $8,235 $36,809
1996 $27,490 $22,745 $8,068 $34,661
1995 $28,414 $22,446 $7,414 $33,598
1994 $24,209 $21,518 $7,068 $31,925
1993 $22,284 $20,473 $7,039 $30,987
1992 $23,373 $20,272 $7,318 $29,773
1991 $21,042 $19,601 $6,977 $28,109
1990 $20,600 $18,688 $7,546 $26,904
1989 $16,525 - $5,591 -
1988 $16,391 - $5,279 -
1987 $15,136 - $5,204 -
1986 $12,170 - $5,182 -
1985 $8,751 - $7,549 -
1984 $8,457 - $7,070 -
1983 $8,846 - $6,714 -
1982 $9,344 - $6,759 -
1981 $10,623 - $6,866 -
1980 $12,864 - $5,974 -
1979 $11,811 - $3,934 -
1978 $10,290 - $3,044 -
1977 $8,427 - $3,205 -
1976 $7,243 - $3,143 -
1975 $6,701 - $2,692 -
1974 $5,734 - $2,203 -
1973 $4,901 - $670 -
1972 $3,832 - $524 -
1971 $3,083 - $442 -
1970 $2,766 - $387 -
1969 $2,490 - $372 -
1968 $2,251 - $300 -
1967 $2,114 - $174.7 -
1966 $1,983 - $113.2 -
1965 $1,860 - $108.1 -
1964 $1,724 - $108.1 -
1963 $1,555 - $106.8 -
1962 $1,457 - $102.3 -
1961 $1,368 - $84.5 -
1960 $1,290 - $83.4 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/oman | CC BY

Belgium's GDP per capita is $56,615, ranking 18/197, compared to $20,285 in Oman, ranking 57/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514, while Oman ranks 55th at $41,740.

Economic indicators

Belgium Oman
Gross domestic product
$671B
2024
$107B
2024
GDP rank
23/197
2024
70/197
2024
GDP growth
1.07%
2023-2024
1.63%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,615
2024
$20,285
2024
GDP per capita rank
18/197
2024
57/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,514
2024
$41,740
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
21/197
2024
55/197
2024
Government debt
$703B
2024
$38B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
104.7%
2024
35.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$59,278
2024
$7,204
2024
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2024
67/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,259
2026
$20,894
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$321B
2018
$22.3B
2022
Number of millionaires
549,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2025
2
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.2%
2023
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
54.5%
2024
28.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.14%
2023-2024
0.6%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.7%
2024
3.3%
2024
Population
11902714
5761708

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belgium
Spending

Debt
Oman
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belgium Oman
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 54.5% 104.7% 28.7% 35.5%
2023 53.3% 103.2% 27.5% 37.5%
2022 52.3% 102.7% 30.9% 41.7%
2021 54.9% 108.5% 36.5% 61.9%
2020 58.5% 111.2% 44.5% 67.9%
2019 51.8% 97.6% 38.8% 52.5%
2018 52.5% 100.1% 38.3% 44.7%
2017 52.3% 102.5% 39.4% 40.1%
2016 53.4% 105.5% 44.6% 29.3%
2015 53.9% 105.6% 44.5% 13.9%
2014 55.4% 106.6% 41.4% 4.04%
2013 55.9% 105% 39.3% 4.66%
2012 56.2% 104.3% 38.6% 4.59%
2011 55% 102.7% 34.5% 4.44%
2010 53.9% 100.2% 30.6% 5.46%
2009 54.5% 99.9% 33.4% 5.8%
2008 50.8% 93.2% 25.6% 3.2%
2007 48.6% 87.3% 30.7% 4.44%
2006 48.8% 91.5% 30.1% 7.56%
2005 51.9% 95.1% 30.6% 8.39%
2004 49.3% 97.2% 34.1% 14.5%
2003 51% 101.7% 34% 13%
2002 49.9% 105.4% 34.1% 15.9%
2001 49.4% 108.2% 33.3% 22.5%
2000 49.4% 109.6% 31.2% 21.7%
1999 50.5% 115.4% 34.2% 28.9%
1998 51% 119.2% 36.1% 30.9%
1997 51.6% 124.3% 32.1% 20.8%
1996 53.1% 129% 33.5% 21.2%
1995 52.6% 131.3% 38.2% 21.9%
1994 54.7% 137.1% 39.7% 23.6%
1993 57.1% 138.9% 40.1% 22.2%
1992 55.9% 134.7% 40.1% 23.1%
1991 55.6% 131.8% 37.4% 22.6%
1990 54.4% 130.3% 36.5% 17.8%
1989 52.3% 126.4% - -
1988 53.9% 129.7% - -
1987 55.8% 129.2% - -
1986 57.6% 124.7% - -
1985 58.4% 119.4% - -
1984 59.1% 114.6% - -
1983 62.2% 110.3% - -
1982 59.6% 99.6% - -
1981 61.5% 89.7% - -
1980 54.9% 76.8% - -
1979 54.8% 69.2% - -
1978 52.8% 65.2% - -
1977 52.2% 61.6% - -
1976 50.4% 61.4% - -
1975 50.2% 59.5% - -
1974 44.5% 61.7% - -
1973 45% 63.7% - -
1972 45% 64.9% - -
1971 43.9% 63.5% - -
1970 42.7% 66.6% - -
1969 26.5% 51.6% - -
1968 26.7% 54.5% - -
1967 25.5% 54.1% - -
1966 25.1% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 57.6% - -
1964 22.5% 59.4% - -
1963 23.1% 64.1% - -
1962 22.5% 65.3% - -
1961 22.1% 67.8% - -
1960 23.7% 69.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/oman | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government spending was $366B, accounting for 54.5% of its GDP, while Oman spent $30.7B, or 28.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 104.7% in Belgium and 35.5% in Oman, ranking 19/185 and 145/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belgium

Oman
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belgium Oman
2024 -4.52% 3.31%
2023 -4.1% 6.87%
2022 -3.62% 10.5%
2021 -5.4% -3.17%
2020 -9.03% -15.7%
2019 -2.05% -4.83%
2018 -1.05% -6.72%
2017 -0.76% -10.5%
2016 -2.43% -19.6%
2015 -2.48% -13.5%
2014 -3.18% -1.58%
2013 -3.16% 2.78%
2012 -4.35% 4.07%
2011 -4.44% 8.24%
2010 -4.13% 4.95%
2009 -5.45% -0.27%
2008 -1.1% 14.7%
2007 0.07% 10.5%
2006 0.24% 12.2%
2005 -2.72% 11.2%
2004 -0.24% 5.43%
2003 -1.86% 5.92%
2002 -0.04% 5.31%
2001 0.23% 7.55%
2000 -0.08% 12.2%
1999 -0.65% 0.3%
1998 -1.03% -4.37%
1997 -2.15% 4.77%
1996 -4% 2.22%
1995 -4.51% -3.9%
1994 -5.29% -7.47%
1993 -7.71% -6.84%
1992 -8.42% -4.85%
1991 -7.67% 0.12%
1990 -6.99% 4.78%
1989 -7.58% -
1988 -7.28% -
1987 -7.89% -
1986 -9.96% -
1985 -10.1% -
1984 -10.8% -
1983 -14.5% -
1982 -12.3% -
1981 -15.5% -
1980 -9.43% -
1979 -8.33% -
1978 -6.51% -
1977 -6.51% -
1976 -6.61% -
1975 -6.45% -
1974 -3.87% -
1973 -5.02% -
1972 -6.07% -
1971 -4.45% -
1970 -3.51% -
1969 -3.34% -
1968 -3.69% -
1967 -2.76% -
1966 -3.08% -
1965 -2.9% -
1964 -2.27% -
1963 -2.8% -
1962 -2.12% -
1961 -2.34% -
1960 -4.89% -
1959 -5.21% -
1958 -4.33% -
1957 -1.27% -
1956 1.85% -
1955 -1.05% -
1954 2.34% -
1953 0.14% -
1952 -0.26% -
1951 0.59% -
1950 -2.01% -
1949 -2.05% -
1948 -2.29% -
1947 -14.5% -
1946 1.87% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 -5.81% -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -6.86% -
1938 -5.17% -
1937 -4.71% -
1936 -4.92% -
1935 -5.94% -
1934 -2.78% -
1933 -1.69% -
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 -2.48% -
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 3.06% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 -5.53% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -1.4% -
1912 -1.39% -
1911 -0.92% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 0.13% -
1908 -0.95% -
1907 -0.81% -
1906 -1.35% -
1905 1.23% -
1904 0.004% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 0.22% -
1901 0.55% -
1900 -0.54% -
1899 -1.64% -
1898 -0.28% -
1897 -0.25% -
1896 0.94% -
1895 -0.33% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 0.07% -
1892 0.17% -
1891 -0.005% -
1890 -0.83% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 -0.21% -
1887 -0.12% -
1886 0.54% -
1885 -0.43% -
1884 -0.26% -
1883 -0.54% -
1882 -0.3% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 0.12% -
1879 -1.51% -
1878 -1.78% -
1877 -2.52% -
1876 -0.77% -
1875 -0.88% -
1874 -1.02% -
1873 -2.08% -
1872 -0.7% -
1871 -0.64% -
1870 -0.58% -
1869 -0.35% -
1868 -0.39% -
1867 -0.49% -
1866 -0.87% -
1865 -0.55% -
1864 -0.62% -
1863 -0.72% -
1862 -0.49% -
1861 -0.22% -
1860 -0.13% -
1859 0.1% -
1858 0.35% -
1857 0% -
1856 -0.26% -
1855 -0.28% -
1854 -0.4% -
1853 -0.3% -
1852 -0.44% -
1851 -0.05% -
1850 -0.11% -
1849 0.11% -
1848 -1.41% -
1847 -0.69% -
1846 -0.52% -
1845 -1.17% -
1844 -4.92% -
1843 -0.86% -
1842 -0.89% -
1841 -0.75% -
1840 0.16% -
1839 -0.43% -
1838 0.23% -
1837 -0.11% -
1836 0.18% -
1835 0.27% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/oman | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $30.3B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Oman's surplus of $3.54B, or 3.31% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Belgium recorded a fiscal deficit in 32 of those years, while Oman ran a deficit in 14 years. On average, Belgium posted an annual deficit equal to 3.26% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.99% of GDP for Oman.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belgium

Oman
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belgium Oman
2024 3.14% 0.6%
2023 4.05% 1%
2022 9.6% 2.5%
2021 2.44% 1.7%
2020 0.74% -0.4%
2019 1.44% 0.5%
2018 2.05% 0.7%
2017 2.13% 1.5%
2016 1.97% 0.9%
2015 0.56% 0.1%
2014 0.34% 1.2%
2013 1.11% 1.3%
2012 2.84% 2.9%
2011 3.53% 4.1%
2010 2.19% 3.3%
2009 -0.05% 3.5%
2008 4.49% 12.6%
2007 1.82% 5.9%
2006 1.79% 3.2%
2005 2.78% 1.9%
2004 2.1% 0.8%
2003 1.59% 0.2%
2002 1.65% -0.3%
2001 2.47% -0.8%
2000 2.54% -1.2%
1999 1.12% 0.5%
1998 0.95% 0.4%
1997 1.63% -0.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/oman | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Belgium has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.25%, compared with 1.72% in Oman. In 2024, inflation was 3.14% in Belgium and 0.6% in Oman.

Top exports between countries

Belgium
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $85.6M
Chemicals & pharma $75.5M
Raw materials & minerals $70.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $22.6M
Weapons & explosives $13.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $8.3M
Wood & paper products $4.88M
Animal & marine products $3.98M
Metals $3.1M
Miscellaneous $2.9M
Oman
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $155M
Chemicals & pharma $27M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $21.9M
Metals $16.2M
Machinery & equipment $10.7M
Animal & marine products $324K
Wood & paper products $234K
Textiles & consumer goods $172K
Miscellaneous $37K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K

Balance of trade

Belgium Oman
Current account balance
-$2.54B
2024
$3.07B
2024
Current account balance ranking
151/190
2024
39/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.38%
2024
+2.86%
2024
Goods imports
$370B
2024
$39.5B
2024
Goods exports
$382B
2024
$65.2B
2024
Service imports
$164B
2024
$12.8B
2024
Service exports
$150B
2024
$5.64B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.7%
2024
48.8%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.3%
2024
66.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belgium Oman
Economic freedom 69.2 68.5
Economic freedom ranking 42/197 45/197
Property rights 91.1 71.8
Government integrity 78.2 49.4
Judicial effectiveness 91.6 28
Tax burden 50.6 97.6
Government spending 14.6 74.7
Fiscal health 53.4 97.5
Business freedom 82.5 67.8
Labor freedom 57.5 47.7
Monetary freedom 76.8 79.2
Trade freedom 79.4 78.4
Investment freedom 85 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belgium
Oman
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belgium Oman
2026 69.2 68.5
2025 69 65.4
2024 65.6 62.9
2023 67.1 58.5
2022 69.6 56.6
2021 70.1 64.6
2020 68.9 63.6
2019 67.3 61
2018 67.5 61
2017 67.8 62.1
2016 68.4 67.1
2015 68.8 66.7
2014 69.9 67.4
2013 69.2 68.1
2012 69 67.9
2011 70.2 69.8
2010 70.1 67.7
2009 72.1 67
2008 71.7 67.3
2007 72.5 65.8
2006 71.8 63.7
2005 69 66.5
2004 68.7 66.9
2003 68.1 64.6
2002 67.6 64
2001 63.8 67.7
2000 63.5 64.1
1999 62.9 64.9
1998 64.7 64.9
1997 64.6 64.5
1996 66 65.4
1995 - 70.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/oman | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belgium is 69.2, ranking 42/197, compared to 68.5 for Oman, ranking 45/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belgium Oman
Services, % of GDP
71%
2024
46%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
18.7%
2024
54.2%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.79%
2024
2.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$656B
2024
$103B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,770
2024
$39,340
2024
Total reserves including gold
$41.4B
2024
$18.3B
2024
Total reserves ranking
49/177
2024
64/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$46.1B
2024
-$12.6B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$41.4B
2024
$12.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.71B
2024
-$143M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.3%
2022
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.5%
2024
24.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.