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Economy of Oman vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Oman has a GDP of $107B compared to $3.69T for the United Kingdom, ranking 70/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Oman has $38B in government debt (35.5% of GDP), compared to $3.73T (101.2% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Oman vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Oman
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Oman United Kingdom
2024 $107,137,198,769 $3,686,033,044,482
2023 $106,174,708,037 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $109,852,795,839 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $87,323,797,139 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $75,909,492,848 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $88,060,858,257 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $91,505,851,756 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $80,856,697,009 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $75,128,738,622 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $78,710,793,238 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $92,699,089,727 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $89,936,020,806 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $87,408,842,653 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $77,497,529,259 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $64,993,498,049 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $55,454,096,229 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $69,804,681,404 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $48,300,390,117 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $42,577,633,290 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $35,506,892,068 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $28,378,933,680 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $24,733,680,104 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $23,065,539,662 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $22,205,721,717 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $22,259,557,867 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $17,832,769,831 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $16,044,213,264 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $18,039,791,938 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $17,402,080,624 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $15,722,236,671 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $14,715,214,564 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $14,230,429,129 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $14,183,615,085 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $12,918,335,501 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $13,310,273,082 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $9,372,171,651 $926,884,816,754
1988 $8,386,215,865 $910,122,732,124
1987 $7,811,183,095 $745,162,608,269
1986 $7,324,167,369 $601,452,653,181
1985 $10,005,645,420 $489,285,164,271
1984 $8,821,443,151 $461,487,097,632
1983 $7,932,541,691 $489,618,008,186
1982 $7,554,719,456 $515,048,916,841
1981 $7,259,120,151 $540,765,675,241
1980 $5,981,760,278 $564,947,710,899
1979 $3,733,352,635 $438,994,070,309
1978 $2,740,301,390 $335,883,029,722
1977 $2,741,169,948 $263,066,457,352
1976 $2,560,220,035 $232,614,555,256
1975 $2,096,699,189 $241,756,637,168
1974 $1,645,917,776 $206,131,369,799
1973 $483,066,991 $192,537,971,583
1972 $366,883,548 $169,965,034,965
1971 $301,010,587 $148,113,896,325
1970 $256,319,795 $130,671,946,244
1969 $239,999,808 $116,464,702,803
1968 $188,879,849 $107,759,910,068
1967 $107,151,832 $113,116,888,211
1966 $67,759,973 $108,572,752,102
1965 $63,279,975 $101,824,755,079
1964 $61,872,526 $94,407,558,351
1963 $59,912,763 $86,561,961,812
1962 $56,273,202 $81,247,564,157
1961 $45,634,487 $77,741,965,703
1960 $44,234,656 $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/oman/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Oman vs United Kingdom by year

Oman
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Oman United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $20,285 $41,740 $53,246 $62,009
2023 $21,028 $41,945 $49,944 $59,911
2022 $23,224 $42,616 $47,057 $59,022
2021 $19,403 $38,719 $47,691 $51,004
2020 $16,785 $35,163 $40,813 $48,230
2019 $19,180 $37,251 $43,159 $50,065
2018 $19,902 $37,780 $43,703 $47,212
2017 $17,820 $33,619 $40,917 $46,113
2016 $17,110 $33,334 $41,258 $44,085
2015 $18,808 $36,058 $45,255 $42,515
2014 $23,161 $44,236 $47,746 $41,267
2013 $23,458 $47,013 $43,607 $39,948
2012 $24,642 $49,989 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $25,188 $52,393 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $23,570 $55,667 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $20,656 $55,127 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $26,577 $52,841 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $18,793 $48,627 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $16,931 $46,091 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $14,435 $43,673 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $11,801 $42,142 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $10,464 $40,935 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $9,869 $41,511 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $9,612 $41,679 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $9,754 $39,443 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $7,915 $36,792 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $7,219 $36,666 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $8,235 $36,809 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $8,068 $34,661 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $7,414 $33,598 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $7,068 $31,925 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $7,039 $30,987 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $7,318 $29,773 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $6,977 $28,109 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $7,546 $26,904 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $5,591 - $16,239 -
1988 $5,279 - $15,987 -
1987 $5,204 - $13,119 -
1986 $5,182 - $10,611 -
1985 $7,549 - $8,652 -
1984 $7,070 - $8,179 -
1983 $6,714 - $8,692 -
1982 $6,759 - $9,146 -
1981 $6,866 - $9,599 -
1980 $5,974 - $10,032 -
1979 $3,934 - $7,805 -
1978 $3,044 - $5,977 -
1977 $3,205 - $4,681 -
1976 $3,143 - $4,138 -
1975 $2,692 - $4,300 -
1974 $2,203 - $3,666 -
1973 $670 - $3,426 -
1972 $524 - $3,030 -
1971 $442 - $2,650 -
1970 $387 - $2,348 -
1969 $372 - $2,101 -
1968 $300 - $1,952 -
1967 $174.7 - $2,059 -
1966 $113.2 - $1,987 -
1965 $108.1 - $1,874 -
1964 $108.1 - $1,748 -
1963 $106.8 - $1,613 -
1962 $102.3 - $1,526 -
1961 $84.5 - $1,472 -
1960 $83.4 - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/oman/united-kingdom | CC BY

Oman's GDP per capita is $20,285, ranking 57/197, compared to $53,246 in the United Kingdom, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Oman ranks 55th at $41,740, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Oman United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$107B
2024
$3.69T
2024
GDP rank
70/197
2024
6/197
2024
GDP growth
1.63%
2023-2024
1.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$20,285
2024
$53,246
2024
GDP per capita rank
57/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$41,740
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
55/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$38B
2024
$3.73T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
35.5%
2024
101.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$7,204
2024
$53,900
2024
Government debt per person rank
67/185
2024
7/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$20,894
2026
$39,230
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$22.3B
2022
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,624,000
2025
Number of billionaires
2
2025
55
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
24.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.7%
2024
44%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
0.6%
2023-2024
3.27%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
4.5%
2025
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.3%
2024
4.36%
2024
Population
5761708
70154914

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Oman
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Oman United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 28.7% 35.5% 44% 101.2%
2023 27.5% 37.5% 44.8% 100.4%
2022 30.9% 41.7% 44.1% 99.6%
2021 36.5% 61.9% 45.8% 105.1%
2020 44.5% 67.9% 50% 105.8%
2019 38.8% 52.5% 38.8% 85.7%
2018 38.3% 44.7% 38.9% 86.3%
2017 39.4% 40.1% 39.2% 86.7%
2016 44.6% 29.3% 39.6% 87.8%
2015 44.5% 13.9% 40.4% 87.9%
2014 41.4% 4.04% 41.2% 87.1%
2013 39.3% 4.66% 41.8% 85.3%
2012 38.6% 4.59% 43.6% 84.5%
2011 34.5% 4.44% 43.5% 81.4%
2010 30.6% 5.46% 44.7% 75.9%
2009 33.4% 5.8% 44.6% 64.9%
2008 25.6% 3.2% 41% 50.8%
2007 30.7% 4.44% 38.7% 43.2%
2006 30.1% 7.56% 38.4% 42.1%
2005 30.6% 8.39% 38.4% 41%
2004 34.1% 14.5% 38% 39.8%
2003 34% 13% 37.2% 36.8%
2002 34.1% 15.9% 35.9% 35.4%
2001 33.3% 22.5% 34.7% 35%
2000 31.2% 21.7% 33.9% 37.7%
1999 34.2% 28.9% 33.9% 40.4%
1998 36.1% 30.9% 34.5% 42%
1997 32.1% 20.8% 34.9% 44.1%
1996 33.5% 21.2% 35.7% 43.7%
1995 38.2% 21.9% 37.6% 43.7%
1994 39.7% 23.6% 37.5% 40.7%
1993 40.1% 22.2% 37.8% 38%
1992 40.1% 23.1% 37.8% 33.2%
1991 37.4% 22.6% 35.9% 28.5%
1990 36.5% 17.8% 35% 28.5%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/oman/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Oman's government spending was $30.7B, accounting for 28.7% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.62T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 35.5% in Oman and 101.2% in the United Kingdom, ranking 145/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Oman

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Oman United Kingdom
2024 3.31% -5.75%
2023 6.87% -6.05%
2022 10.5% -4.56%
2021 -3.17% -7.72%
2020 -15.7% -13.2%
2019 -4.83% -2.47%
2018 -6.72% -2.27%
2017 -10.5% -2.49%
2016 -19.6% -3.31%
2015 -13.5% -4.59%
2014 -1.58% -5.53%
2013 2.78% -5.34%
2012 4.07% -7.45%
2011 8.24% -7.38%
2010 4.95% -9.22%
2009 -0.27% -10.1%
2008 14.7% -5.09%
2007 10.5% -2.65%
2006 12.2% -2.76%
2005 11.2% -3.15%
2004 5.43% -3.16%
2003 5.92% -3.22%
2002 5.31% -1.96%
2001 7.55% 0.34%
2000 12.2% 1.4%
1999 0.3% 0.76%
1998 -4.37% -0.21%
1997 4.77% -2.01%
1996 2.22% -3.65%
1995 -3.9% -4.99%
1994 -7.47% -5.74%
1993 -6.84% -6.62%
1992 -4.85% -5.41%
1991 0.12% -2.77%
1990 4.78% -1.54%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/oman/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Oman's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.54B, equivalent to 3.31% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $212B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Oman recorded a fiscal deficit in 14 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Oman posted an annual surplus equal to 0.99% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.28% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Oman

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Oman United Kingdom
2024 0.6% 3.27%
2023 1% 6.79%
2022 2.5% 7.92%
2021 1.7% 2.52%
2020 -0.4% 0.99%
2019 0.5% 1.74%
2018 0.7% 2.29%
2017 1.5% 2.56%
2016 0.9% 1.01%
2015 0.1% 0.37%
2014 1.2% 1.45%
2013 1.3% 2.29%
2012 2.9% 2.57%
2011 4.1% 3.86%
2010 3.3% 2.49%
2009 3.5% 1.96%
2008 12.6% 3.52%
2007 5.9% 2.39%
2006 3.2% 2.46%
2005 1.9% 2.09%
2004 0.8% 1.39%
2003 0.2% 1.38%
2002 -0.3% 1.52%
2001 -0.8% 1.53%
2000 -1.2% 1.18%
1999 0.5% 1.75%
1998 0.4% 1.82%
1997 -0.4% 2.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/oman/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Oman has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.72%, compared with 2.4% in the United Kingdom. In 2024, inflation was 0.6% in Oman and 3.27% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Oman
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $197M
Chemicals & pharma $30.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $7M
Miscellaneous $6.41M
Metals $5.82M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.58M
Raw materials & minerals $1.5M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.16M
Raw agricultural goods $341K
Animal & marine products $161K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $423M
Chemicals & pharma $44.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $21.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $20M
Metals $16.2M
Animal & marine products $11.8M
Precious metals & jewellery $11.5M
Miscellaneous $9.45M
Raw materials & minerals $7.47M
Wood & paper products $5.14M

Balance of trade

Oman United Kingdom
Current account balance
$3.07B
2024
-$80.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
39/190
2024
189/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+2.86%
2024
-2.19%
2024
Goods imports
$39.5B
2024
$763B
2024
Goods exports
$65.2B
2024
$494B
2024
Service imports
$12.8B
2024
$411B
2024
Service exports
$5.64B
2024
$648B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
48.8%
2024
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
66.1%
2024
31%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Oman United Kingdom
Economic freedom 68.5 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 45/197 35/197
Property rights 71.8 93.6
Government integrity 49.4 83
Judicial effectiveness 28 83.1
Tax burden 97.6 61.7
Government spending 74.7 41.1
Fiscal health 97.5 32.4
Business freedom 67.8 83.6
Labor freedom 47.7 61.2
Monetary freedom 79.2 71.9
Trade freedom 78.4 82.8
Investment freedom 70 70
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Oman
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Oman United Kingdom
2026 68.5 70.4
2025 65.4 69.3
2024 62.9 68.6
2023 58.5 69.9
2022 56.6 72.7
2021 64.6 78.4
2020 63.6 79.3
2019 61 78.9
2018 61 78
2017 62.1 76.4
2016 67.1 76.4
2015 66.7 75.8
2014 67.4 74.9
2013 68.1 74.8
2012 67.9 74.1
2011 69.8 74.5
2010 67.7 76.5
2009 67 79
2008 67.3 79.4
2007 65.8 79.9
2006 63.7 80.4
2005 66.5 79.2
2004 66.9 77.7
2003 64.6 77.5
2002 64 78.5
2001 67.7 77.6
2000 64.1 77.3
1999 64.9 76.2
1998 64.9 76.5
1997 64.5 76.4
1996 65.4 76.4
1995 70.2 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/oman/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Oman is 68.5, ranking 45/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Oman United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
46%
2024
72.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
54.2%
2024
17.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.6%
2024
0.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$103B
2024
$3.42T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$39,340
2024
$61,460
2024
Total reserves including gold
$18.3B
2024
$175B
2024
Total reserves ranking
64/177
2024
19/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$12.6B
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$143M
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.8%
2024
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/oman/united-kingdom | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.