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Economy of Congo vs Denmark compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The Congo has a GDP of $15.7B compared to $429B for Denmark, ranking 141/197 and 38/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Congo has $15B in government debt (91.4% of GDP), compared to $120B (26.6% of GDP) in Denmark.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Congo
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Denmark
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Congo Denmark
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $131,731,863 $1,260,529,281 $6,361,166,545 $80,238,063,131
1961 $151,675,739 $1,365,792,637 $7,058,361,229 $85,356,314,760
1962 $166,521,240 $1,436,845,387 $7,953,274,741 $90,193,305,331
1963 $172,233,431 $1,378,950,570 $8,466,044,980 $90,767,855,838
1964 $185,693,725 $1,431,582,304 $9,677,401,337 $99,181,979,992
1965 $198,318,064 $1,484,213,966 $10,870,670,865 $103,699,971,911
1966 $220,613,582 $1,504,384,173 $11,931,740,293 $106,542,294,924
1967 $237,397,428 $1,536,221,035 $13,059,064,806 $112,813,620,773
1968 $251,247,458 $1,653,455,074 $13,505,574,133 $119,416,599,037
1969 $265,040,036 $1,778,266,547 $15,414,902,667 $127,535,877,471
1970 $274,960,700 $1,891,337,095 $17,075,457,733 $129,902,945,560
1971 $322,128,019 $2,037,973,138 $19,086,192,720 $134,031,029,530
1972 $410,669,264 $2,213,596,510 $23,230,667,549 $139,120,989,452
1973 $541,973,363 $2,395,801,821 $30,718,181,337 $145,686,794,688
1974 $585,364,634 $2,584,723,272 $34,125,712,481 $144,281,984,443
1975 $767,102,680 $2,784,563,655 $40,418,967,666 $142,247,753,419
1976 $754,549,601 $2,810,078,243 $44,503,607,444 $150,773,233,048
1977 $765,224,029 $2,558,479,911 $49,711,709,588 $153,766,730,433
1978 $878,771,772 $2,721,192,761 $60,320,089,218 $157,483,262,379
1979 $1,198,749,667 $2,988,229,522 $70,393,030,603 $163,866,531,124
1980 $1,705,796,853 $3,515,251,773 $70,811,287,816 $162,635,188,845
1981 $1,993,512,323 $4,134,629,380 $61,459,941,461 $161,430,084,232
1982 $2,160,640,565 $5,110,306,815 $60,084,214,872 $167,713,124,649
1983 $2,097,274,290 $5,409,462,277 $60,331,158,447 $172,165,579,297
1984 $2,193,581,365 $5,786,833,455 $58,868,891,335 $179,636,437,842
1985 $2,160,872,540 $5,718,221,236 $62,452,421,011 $187,096,889,700
1986 $1,849,268,212 $5,325,863,974 $87,748,695,217 $195,952,945,326
1987 $2,297,753,652 $5,335,949,917 $109,183,446,340 $196,860,120,911
1988 $2,212,536,312 $5,430,196,849 $115,540,189,705 $197,397,452,814
1989 $2,389,593,026 $5,571,375,261 $112,312,200,761 $198,773,654,972
1990 $2,798,746,050 $5,627,089,213 $138,217,740,684 $202,073,829,845
1991 $2,724,853,506 $5,761,878,676 $139,180,507,778 $205,020,430,124
1992 $2,933,222,703 $5,912,375,954 $152,966,494,260 $209,167,606,432
1993 $2,684,323,623 $5,854,453,400 $143,111,306,004 $209,002,572,327
1994 $1,769,365,438 $5,532,863,840 $156,017,919,221 $220,068,623,481
1995 $2,116,003,868 $5,753,366,412 $184,848,481,008 $226,754,355,587
1996 $2,540,697,539 $6,000,213,536 $187,481,157,846 $233,320,596,409
1997 $2,322,719,103 $5,962,723,473 $173,241,365,735 $240,713,316,197
1998 $1,949,481,379 $6,185,583,409 $176,877,077,513 $246,313,036,680
1999 $2,354,772,960 $6,025,859,314 $177,887,720,536 $253,621,896,626
2000 $3,227,927,698 $6,482,377,235 $164,043,817,224 $263,066,798,869
2001 $2,796,704,604 $6,728,876,234 $164,881,594,415 $265,566,018,287
2002 $3,034,250,924 $7,037,184,600 $178,788,209,558 $266,778,406,880
2003 $3,503,723,088 $7,094,415,494 $218,421,193,436 $267,955,142,441
2004 $4,656,974,940 $7,341,062,187 $251,986,155,631 $275,394,519,881
2005 $6,650,001,680 $7,910,417,276 $265,150,087,712 $281,892,753,289
2006 $8,072,305,029 $8,542,162,056 $283,386,151,544 $292,651,155,543
2007 $8,782,703,437 $7,977,183,901 $320,213,157,595 $295,540,131,122
2008 $11,649,857,673 $8,480,255,109 $354,979,471,960 $294,307,201,414
2009 $9,723,299,915 $9,467,126,892 $322,619,152,195 $279,666,951,317
2010 $13,148,396,212 $10,407,332,392 $322,345,594,075 $284,093,791,187
2011 $15,655,383,577 $10,636,909,753 $344,315,595,263 $287,817,703,286
2012 $17,692,911,296 $11,694,979,455 $326,792,574,245 $287,802,068,160
2013 $17,958,720,699 $11,611,660,392 $344,631,016,965 $291,810,211,099
2014 $17,919,321,078 $12,383,378,937 $352,832,602,064 $295,539,545,107
2015 $12,434,793,867 $12,434,793,867 $301,758,922,338 $301,758,922,338
2016 $10,931,328,151 $11,354,801,749 $312,181,849,372 $311,032,111,298
2017 $11,834,473,039 $10,719,526,285 $331,610,593,962 $320,538,736,986
2018 $14,773,900,289 $10,472,514,332 $355,293,374,912 $326,500,781,503
2019 $13,976,637,780 $10,590,275,025 $345,401,473,013 $332,088,518,944
2020 $11,468,687,464 $9,926,500,702 $355,631,021,932 $326,176,991,232
2021 $14,825,690,211 $10,027,261,670 $408,378,204,640 $350,255,593,093
2022 $15,817,030,157 $10,175,199,490 $401,945,576,108 $355,650,135,426
2023 $15,321,055,818 $10,369,226,733 $407,091,920,305 $364,524,261,929
2024 $15,719,985,776 $10,636,718,190 $429,457,372,072 $377,924,893,185

Economic indicators

Congo Denmark
Gross domestic product
$15.7B
2024
$429B
2024
GDP rank
141/197
2024
38/197
2024
GDP growth
2.6%
2023-2024
5.49%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,482
2024
$71,852
2024
GDP per capita rank
148/197
2024
12/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,026
2024
$79,514
2024
Government debt
$15B
2024
$120B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
91.4%
2025
26.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,369
2024
$20,114
2024
Government debt per person rank
113/185
2024
31/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,263
2025
$50,067
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$151B
2004
Number of billionaires n/a
9
2025
Income share by richest 10%
37.9%
2011
25.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.6%
2011
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
21.9%
2025
48.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.6%
2024-2025
1.37%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
1.6%
2025
Unemployment rate
10%
2012
6.15%
2024
Population
6607609
6018959

GDP per capita in Congo vs Denmark

The Congo's GDP per capita is $2,482, ranking 148/197, compared to $71,852 in Denmark, ranking 12/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Congo ranks 147th at $7,026, while Denmark ranks 14th at $79,514.

Congo
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Congo Denmark
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $124.7 - $1,389 -
1961 $139.9 - $1,531 -
1962 $149.6 - $1,711 -
1963 $150.7 - $1,807 -
1964 $158.1 - $2,049 -
1965 $164.2 - $2,284 -
1966 $177.6 - $2,487 -
1967 $185.7 - $2,701 -
1968 $190.8 - $2,776 -
1969 $195.4 - $3,151 -
1970 $196.7 - $3,464 -
1971 $223.5 - $3,846 -
1972 $276.3 - $4,654 -
1973 $353 - $6,117 -
1974 $370 - $6,764 -
1975 $471 - $7,988 -
1976 $453 - $8,773 -
1977 $448 - $9,770 -
1978 $503 - $11,818 -
1979 $670 - $13,757 -
1980 $933 - $13,822 -
1981 $1,066 - $12,000 -
1982 $1,131 - $11,740 -
1983 $1,075 - $11,797 -
1984 $1,097 - $11,517 -
1985 $1,049 - $12,213 -
1986 $872 - $17,137 -
1987 $1,052 - $21,296 -
1988 $984 - $22,525 -
1989 $1,033 - $21,882 -
1990 $1,176 $3,437 $26,886 $18,227
1991 $1,113 $3,536 $27,003 $19,055
1992 $1,164 $3,608 $29,579 $19,818
1993 $1,034 $3,550 $27,582 $20,204
1994 $662 $3,327 $29,968 $21,655
1995 $770 $3,434 $35,321 $22,662
1996 $899 $3,547 $35,622 $23,714
1997 $804 $3,510 $32,780 $24,881
1998 $660 $3,602 $33,346 $25,797
1999 $776 $3,464 $33,426 $26,642
2000 $1,024 $3,667 $30,722 $28,642
2001 $855 $3,748 $30,768 $29,462
2002 $906 $3,888 $33,257 $30,667
2003 $1,017 $3,887 $40,519 $30,868
2004 $1,306 $3,992 $46,625 $33,020
2005 $1,799 $4,279 $48,926 $34,238
2006 $2,104 $4,588 $52,119 $37,400
2007 $2,206 $4,243 $58,632 $39,112
2008 $2,832 $4,448 $64,617 $41,467
2009 $2,271 $4,801 $58,413 $40,503
2010 $2,947 $5,125 $58,105 $43,042
2011 $3,396 $5,175 $61,810 $44,444
2012 $3,732 $6,058 $58,444 $44,755
2013 $3,697 $5,834 $61,378 $46,869
2014 $3,601 $5,733 $62,520 $47,880
2015 $2,439 $4,715 $53,094 $48,910
2016 $2,093 $4,016 $54,501 $51,821
2017 $2,212 $4,445 $57,522 $55,272
2018 $2,694 $5,593 $61,325 $57,234
2019 $2,488 $5,720 $59,404 $60,595
2020 $1,994 $4,771 $60,985 $62,682
2021 $2,516 $6,263 $69,728 $69,715
2022 $2,621 $6,647 $68,091 $77,400
2023 $2,478 $6,850 $68,454 $73,737
2024 $2,482 $7,026 $71,852 $79,514

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, the Congo's government spending was $3.58B, accounting for 21.9% of its GDP, while Denmark's spent $200B, or 48.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 91.4% in the Congo and 26.6% in Denmark, ranking 33/185 and 166/185, respectively.

Congo
Government spending

Government debt
Denmark
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Congo Denmark
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 - - 16.4% 20.1%
1961 - - 15.6% 16.4%
1962 - - 17% 15.3%
1963 - - 18.2% 13.7%
1964 - - 17.6% 14.5%
1965 - - 17.1% 12.9%
1966 - - 21.1% 11.2%
1967 - - 22.2% 10.1%
1968 - - 24.3% 9.36%
1969 - - 25.3% 8.36%
1970 - - 24.4% 7.62%
1971 - - 42.2% 12.9%
1972 - - 42.1% 11.5%
1973 - - 39.5% 8.94%
1974 - - 43.6% 6.2%
1975 - - 45.3% 7.01%
1976 - - 45% 11.4%
1977 - - 45.6% 15.2%
1978 - - 47.2% 25.5%
1979 - - 49.6% 31.8%
1980 - - 52.7% 39.2%
1981 - - 56.3% 51.7%
1982 - - 57.7% 64.5%
1983 - - 57.9% 74.2%
1984 - - 56.6% 77.7%
1985 - - 55.5% 74.7%
1986 - - 52.3% 66.8%
1987 - - 54% 62.5%
1988 - - 56.1% 64.7%
1989 20.3% 151.7% 56.2% 62.2%
1990 30.4% 0% 55.1% 62.4%
1991 34.1% 0% 55.5% 63.2%
1992 32.8% 0% 56.4% 66.7%
1993 32.8% 0% 59.5% 78.7%
1994 30.7% 0% 59.5% 75.3%
1995 27.6% 0% 58.7% 71.5%
1996 15.7% 0% 58.2% 68.3%
1997 22.2% 0% 56.2% 64.4%
1998 25.1% 0% 55.6% 60.3%
1999 28.8% 0% 54.7% 56.8%
2000 22.6% 145% 52.9% 53.6%
2001 29.1% 180.1% 53% 50.1%
2002 32.1% 163.5% 53.1% 50.3%
2003 27% 185.3% 53.5% 48.2%
2004 24.4% 122.6% 52.8% 46.2%
2005 22.1% 99.8% 51.1% 39.4%
2006 26.6% 94.7% 49.7% 33.2%
2007 28.6% 93.8% 49.5% 29.5%
2008 24.2% 69.6% 50.3% 35.5%
2009 24.4% 83.8% 56.3% 43%
2010 23% 43.5% 56.5% 46.1%
2011 27.9% 34.4% 56.3% 50%
2012 30.7% 30.2% 57.9% 48.7%
2013 42.4% 33.9% 55.6% 47.8%
2014 48.6% 42.3% 55.1% 48.7%
2015 41.3% 74.2% 54.4% 44.6%
2016 38.8% 84.6% 52.4% 41.7%
2017 26.6% 88.5% 50.6% 40.2%
2018 17.8% 71.2% 50.8% 38.5%
2019 20.2% 77.6% 49.8% 38.3%
2020 21.1% 102.5% 53.3% 46.3%
2021 20.9% 97.8% 49.4% 40.5%
2022 22.8% 92.5% 44.9% 34.1%
2023 20.7% 99% 46.8% 33.6%
2024 22.8% 95.4% 46.5% 28%
2025 21.9% 91.4% 48.4% 26.6%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, the Congo's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $410M, equivalent to 2.61% of GDP. This compares to Denmark's surplus of $19.3B, or 4.5% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, the Congo recorded a fiscal deficit in 16 of those years, while Denmark ran a deficit in 15 years. On average, the Congo posted an annual surplus equal to +0.72% of GDP, compared to surplus of +0.44% of GDP for Denmark.

Deficit/surplus
Congo

Denmark
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Congo Denmark
1880 - -2.65%
1881 - 0.42%
1882 - 0.35%
1883 - 0.73%
1884 - 1.2%
1885 - 0.48%
1886 - -0.39%
1887 - -0.68%
1888 - -0.49%
1889 - -0.55%
1890 - -0.97%
1891 - -0.76%
1892 - -0.73%
1893 - -0.42%
1894 - -0.26%
1895 - -0.17%
1896 - -0.07%
1897 - -0.61%
1898 - -0.43%
1899 - -0.59%
1900 - -0.84%
1901 - -0.71%
1902 - -0.06%
1903 - 0.03%
1904 - -0.1%
1905 - 0.22%
1906 - -0.42%
1907 - 0.26%
1908 - -0.82%
1909 - -2.49%
1910 - -1.72%
1911 - -1.02%
1912 - 0.13%
1913 - 0.07%
1914 - 0.43%
1915 - -0.48%
1916 - 1.51%
1917 - 3.1%
1918 - 1.95%
1919 - -0.38%
1920 - -0.46%
1921 - -2.41%
1922 - -1.33%
1923 - -0.56%
1924 - -0.8%
1925 - -3.1%
1926 - -0.48%
1927 - -2.33%
1928 - -4.99%
1929 - 0.13%
1930 - 0.03%
1931 - -1.67%
1932 - -3.22%
1933 - 1.69%
1934 - 0.03%
1935 - -0.97%
1936 - -1.36%
1937 - 0.22%
1938 - 0.03%
1939 - 0%
1940 - 0%
1941 - 0%
1942 - 0%
1943 - 0%
1944 - 0%
1945 - -1.03%
1946 - 2.69%
1947 - 0.84%
1948 - 1.07%
1949 - 0.63%
1950 - 1.08%
1951 - 0.79%
1952 - 1.18%
1953 - 1.75%
1954 - -0.84%
1955 - -1.17%
1956 - -0.01%
1957 - 0.26%
1958 - 0.25%
1959 - 0.79%
1960 - 1.25%
1961 - 1.73%
1962 - -0.09%
1963 - 1.2%
1964 - 1.79%
1965 - 2.13%
1966 - 0.99%
1967 - 1.49%
1968 - -0.06%
1969 - 0.3%
1970 - 0.7%
1971 - 4.96%
1972 - 5.01%
1973 - 4.97%
1974 - 3.7%
1975 - -1.23%
1976 - 0.19%
1977 - 0.37%
1978 - 0.41%
1979 - -0.69%
1980 - -2.32%
1981 - -5.84%
1982 - -8.22%
1983 - -6.29%
1984 - -3.58%
1985 - -1.38%
1986 - 3.23%
1987 - 2.46%
1988 - 1.46%
1989 0.78% 0.3%
1990 -4.1% -1.78%
1991 -11.2% -3.15%
1992 -12.7% -2.6%
1993 -11.3% -3.73%
1994 -10.6% -3.85%
1995 -6.38% -3.5%
1996 9.2% -2.4%
1997 3.67% -1.22%
1998 -5.16% -0.28%
1999 -4.75% 1.06%
2000 1.05% 1.79%
2001 -0.71% 1.13%
2002 -7.34% 0.25%
2003 0.37% 0.14%
2004 3.33% 2.23%
2005 13.4% 5.2%
2006 16% 5.29%
2007 8.99% 5.31%
2008 23.9% 3.46%
2009 4.76% -2.75%
2010 15.5% -2.52%
2011 16.1% -1.77%
2012 7.24% -3.2%
2013 -2.85% -0.94%
2014 -10.7% 1.43%
2015 -17.8% -0.9%
2016 -14.5% 0.3%
2017 -5.57% 1.69%
2018 5.22% 0.81%
2019 4.3% 4.28%
2020 -1.1% 0.36%
2021 1.63% 4.1%
2022 8.94% 3.44%
2023 5.81% 3.31%
2024 2.61% 4.5%
2025 3.54% 1.2%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, the Congo has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.1%, compared with 1.95% in Denmark. In 2024, inflation was 3.6% in the Congo and 1.37% in Denmark.

Inflation
Congo

Denmark
Year Inflation
Congo Denmark Congo Denmark
1996 7.4% 2.13%
1997 12.7% 2.18%
1998 2.2% 1.85%
1999 3% 2.5%
2000 0.5% 2.9%
2001 0.8% 2.34%
2002 3% 2.42%
2003 1.7% 2.08%
2004 3.7% 1.15%
2005 2.5% 1.82%
2006 4.7% 1.92%
2007 2.6% 1.69%
2008 6% 3.42%
2009 4.3% 1.3%
2010 0.4% 2.31%
2011 1.8% 2.76%
2012 5% 2.4%
2013 4.6% 0.79%
2014 0.9% 0.56%
2015 3.2% 0.45%
2016 3.2% 0.25%
2017 0.4% 1.15%
2018 1.2% 0.81%
2019 0.4% 0.76%
2020 1.4% 0.42%
2021 2% 1.85%
2022 3% 7.7%
2023 4.3% 3.31%
2024 3.1% 1.37%
2025 3.6% -

Top exports between countries

Congo
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $1.53M
Machinery & equipment $53K
Miscellaneous $50K
Metals $28K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $22K
Textiles & consumer goods $7K
Animal & marine products $2K
Raw materials & minerals $2K
Chemicals & pharma $1K
Denmark
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $3.42M
Chemicals & pharma $739K
Animal & marine products $567K
Metals $405K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $270K
Raw agricultural goods $267K
Textiles & consumer goods $153K
Raw materials & minerals $64K
Miscellaneous $38K
Wood & paper products $33K

Balance of trade

Congo Denmark
Current account balance
$1.72B
2021
$52.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
47/189
2021
11/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+11.6%
2021
+12.1%
2024
Goods imports
$2.78B
2021
$132B
2024
Goods exports
$7.51B
2021
$172B
2024
Service imports
$1.71B
2021
$125B
2024
Service exports
$240M
2021
$129B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
40.4%
2024
58.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.8%
2024
69.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Congo Denmark
Economic freedom 48.6 79.1
Economic freedom ranking 169/197 8/197
Property rights 30.8 99.3
Government integrity 13.2 98
Judicial effectiveness 14.9 90.5
Tax burden 75.5 45
Government spending 86.2 33.6
Fiscal health 80.4 98.2
Business freedom 36.9 93
Labor freedom 52.5 64.9
Monetary freedom 77.7 76.6
Trade freedom 49.6 79.6
Investment freedom 35 90
Financial freedom 30 80

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for the Congo is 48.6, ranking 169/197, compared to 79.1 for Denmark, ranking 8/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Congo
Denmark
Year Economic freedom index
Congo Denmark
1996 40.3 67.3
1997 42.2 67.5
1998 33.8 67.5
1999 41.6 68.1
2000 40.6 68.3
2001 44.3 68.3
2002 45.3 71.1
2003 47.7 73.2
2004 45.9 72.4
2005 46.2 75.3
2006 43.8 75.4
2007 44.4 77
2008 45.3 79.2
2009 45.4 79.6
2010 43.2 77.9
2011 43.6 78.6
2012 43.8 76.2
2013 43.5 76.1
2014 43.7 76.1
2015 42.7 76.3
2016 42.8 75.3
2017 40 75.1
2018 38.9 76.6
2019 39.7 76.7
2020 41.8 78.3
2021 50.7 77.8
2022 48.5 78
2023 48.1 77.6
2024 47.8 77.8
2025 48.6 79.1

More economic indicators

Congo Denmark
Services, % of GDP
45%
2024
64%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
40.1%
2024
24%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.44%
2024
0.74%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$15.2B
2024
$441B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$6,700
2024
$82,240
2024
Total reserves including gold
$715M
2023
$108B
2024
Total reserves ranking
148/177
2023
25/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$330M
2021
$11.9B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$604M
2024
$18.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$25.4M
2024
$30.4B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.31%
2023
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
40.9%
2011
12.4%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.8%
2024
21.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.