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Economy of Congo vs Germany compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The Congo has a GDP of $15.7B compared to $4.66T for Germany, ranking 141/197 and 3/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Congo has $15B in government debt (91.4% of GDP), compared to $2.98T (65.4% of GDP) in Germany.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Congo
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Germany
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Congo Germany
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $131,731,863 $1,260,529,281 $84,619,845,881 $917,491,579,543
1961 $151,675,739 $1,365,792,637 $96,558,204,043 $956,929,400,596
1962 $166,521,240 $1,436,845,387 $105,895,435,234 $1,001,172,753,513
1963 $172,233,431 $1,378,950,570 $112,232,503,744 $1,028,557,795,839
1964 $185,693,725 $1,431,582,304 $123,330,404,665 $1,096,848,581,197
1965 $198,318,064 $1,484,213,966 $134,774,688,191 $1,154,369,120,213
1966 $220,613,582 $1,504,384,173 $143,304,275,684 $1,186,832,072,459
1967 $237,397,428 $1,536,221,035 $145,100,667,773 $1,182,912,482,568
1968 $251,247,458 $1,653,455,074 $156,527,292,653 $1,249,969,106,699
1969 $265,040,036 $1,778,266,547 $177,733,486,326 $1,342,693,099,411
1970 $274,960,700 $1,891,337,095 $216,629,229,947 $1,411,212,669,066
1971 $322,128,019 $2,037,973,138 $250,900,942,397 $1,455,421,725,513
1972 $410,669,264 $2,213,596,510 $300,899,944,795 $1,518,009,827,084
1973 $541,973,363 $2,395,801,821 $399,833,571,167 $1,590,532,547,530
1974 $585,364,634 $2,584,723,272 $446,934,971,657 $1,604,689,380,040
1975 $767,102,680 $2,784,563,655 $492,434,094,920 $1,590,780,912,797
1976 $754,549,601 $2,810,078,243 $521,658,712,133 $1,669,512,771,062
1977 $765,224,029 $2,558,479,911 $602,698,323,086 $1,725,395,004,279
1978 $878,771,772 $2,721,192,761 $743,182,891,918 $1,777,303,390,150
1979 $1,198,749,667 $2,988,229,522 $884,574,218,333 $1,851,067,937,956
1980 $1,705,796,853 $3,515,251,773 $953,772,499,462 $1,877,146,313,526
1981 $1,993,512,323 $4,134,629,380 $803,404,797,058 $1,887,080,933,422
1982 $2,160,640,565 $5,110,306,815 $779,421,633,755 $1,879,629,968,245
1983 $2,097,274,290 $5,409,462,277 $773,507,930,295 $1,909,185,460,625
1984 $2,193,581,365 $5,786,833,455 $727,767,760,979 $1,963,080,770,679
1985 $2,160,872,540 $5,718,221,236 $735,218,723,093 $2,008,780,018,732
1986 $1,849,268,212 $5,325,863,974 $1,050,092,624,516 $2,054,727,633,074
1987 $2,297,753,652 $5,335,949,917 $1,302,932,318,825 $2,083,538,029,651
1988 $2,212,536,312 $5,430,196,849 $1,406,367,016,372 $2,160,779,694,267
1989 $2,389,593,026 $5,571,375,261 $1,404,092,925,205 $2,244,975,592,505
1990 $2,798,746,050 $5,627,089,213 $1,778,162,195,860 $2,362,949,196,758
1991 $2,724,853,506 $5,761,878,676 $1,875,792,575,133 $2,483,654,820,997
1992 $2,933,222,703 $5,912,375,954 $2,141,377,582,968 $2,533,680,204,796
1993 $2,684,323,623 $5,854,453,400 $2,078,954,217,438 $2,509,019,802,318
1994 $1,769,365,438 $5,532,863,840 $2,215,282,632,277 $2,574,193,723,153
1995 $2,116,003,868 $5,753,366,412 $2,593,053,091,306 $2,612,945,784,189
1996 $2,540,697,539 $6,000,213,536 $2,506,576,553,158 $2,640,072,233,043
1997 $2,322,719,103 $5,962,723,473 $2,218,790,886,533 $2,689,040,748,577
1998 $1,949,481,379 $6,185,583,409 $2,247,760,364,566 $2,745,407,382,812
1999 $2,354,772,960 $6,025,859,314 $2,213,873,468,587 $2,803,887,763,789
2000 $3,227,927,698 $6,482,377,235 $1,966,980,701,145 $2,884,562,511,081
2001 $2,796,704,604 $6,728,876,234 $1,966,381,496,642 $2,931,769,559,083
2002 $3,034,250,924 $7,037,184,600 $2,102,350,798,306 $2,925,076,029,438
2003 $3,503,723,088 $7,094,415,494 $2,534,715,518,349 $2,909,575,202,981
2004 $4,656,974,940 $7,341,062,187 $2,852,317,768,062 $2,943,395,181,479
2005 $6,650,001,680 $7,910,417,276 $2,893,393,187,362 $2,969,464,751,856
2006 $8,072,305,029 $8,542,162,056 $3,046,308,753,671 $3,083,959,477,646
2007 $8,782,703,437 $7,977,183,901 $3,484,056,680,855 $3,173,089,211,904
2008 $11,649,857,673 $8,480,255,109 $3,808,786,022,313 $3,201,977,118,077
2009 $9,723,299,915 $9,467,126,892 $3,479,800,820,863 $3,024,422,218,193
2010 $13,148,396,212 $10,407,332,392 $3,468,154,343,000 $3,149,837,977,324
2011 $15,655,383,577 $10,636,909,753 $3,824,828,563,521 $3,268,207,907,176
2012 $17,692,911,296 $11,694,979,455 $3,597,896,500,945 $3,283,708,733,633
2013 $17,958,720,699 $11,611,660,392 $3,808,086,291,482 $3,296,391,224,293
2014 $17,919,321,078 $12,383,378,937 $3,965,800,686,310 $3,367,906,395,565
2015 $12,434,793,867 $12,434,793,867 $3,423,568,450,957 $3,423,568,450,957
2016 $10,931,328,151 $11,354,801,749 $3,537,784,107,981 $3,502,129,441,295
2017 $11,834,473,039 $10,719,526,285 $3,763,092,263,753 $3,597,248,136,567
2018 $14,773,900,289 $10,472,514,332 $4,052,008,447,224 $3,637,409,365,503
2019 $13,976,637,780 $10,590,275,025 $3,957,208,055,216 $3,673,343,090,743
2020 $11,468,687,464 $9,926,500,702 $3,940,142,541,354 $3,522,914,639,712
2021 $14,825,690,211 $10,027,261,670 $4,348,297,440,388 $3,652,205,602,904
2022 $15,817,030,157 $10,175,199,490 $4,163,596,357,879 $3,702,230,996,916
2023 $15,321,055,818 $10,369,226,733 $4,525,703,903,628 $3,692,366,831,840
2024 $15,719,985,776 $10,636,718,190 $4,659,929,336,891 $3,683,559,545,240

Economic indicators

Congo Germany
Gross domestic product
$15.7B
2024
$4.66T
2024
GDP rank
141/197
2024
3/197
2024
GDP growth
2.6%
2023-2024
2.97%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,482
2024
$55,800
2024
GDP per capita rank
148/197
2024
18/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,026
2024
$72,300
2024
Government debt
$15B
2024
$2.98T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
91.4%
2025
65.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,369
2024
$35,650
2024
Government debt per person rank
113/185
2024
21/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,263
2025
$39,481
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$2.04T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
2,820,819
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
171
2025
Income share by richest 10%
37.9%
2011
25%
2020
Income share by poorest 10%
1.6%
2011
2.9%
2020
Government expenditure, % of GDP
21.9%
2025
49.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.6%
2024-2025
2.26%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
10%
2012
3.37%
2024
Population
6607609
83039665

GDP per capita in Congo vs Germany

The Congo's GDP per capita is $2,482, ranking 148/197, compared to $55,800 in Germany, ranking 18/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Congo ranks 147th at $7,026, while Germany ranks 19th at $72,300.

Congo
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Germany
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Congo Germany
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $124.7 - $1,162 -
1961 $139.9 - $1,316 -
1962 $149.6 - $1,431 -
1963 $150.7 - $1,502 -
1964 $158.1 - $1,637 -
1965 $164.2 - $1,774 -
1966 $177.6 - $1,871 -
1967 $185.7 - $1,886 -
1968 $190.8 - $2,025 -
1969 $195.4 - $2,281 -
1970 $196.7 - $2,771 -
1971 $223.5 - $3,204 -
1972 $276.3 - $3,824 -
1973 $353 - $5,065 -
1974 $370 - $5,660 -
1975 $471 - $6,259 -
1976 $453 - $6,659 -
1977 $448 - $7,711 -
1978 $503 - $9,517 -
1979 $670 - $11,322 -
1980 $933 - $12,183 -
1981 $1,066 - $10,246 -
1982 $1,131 - $9,950 -
1983 $1,075 - $9,900 -
1984 $1,097 - $9,347 -
1985 $1,049 - $9,464 -
1986 $872 - $13,511 -
1987 $1,052 - $16,739 -
1988 $984 - $17,997 -
1989 $1,033 - $17,829 -
1990 $1,176 $3,437 $22,386 $19,521
1991 $1,113 $3,536 $23,443 $21,058
1992 $1,164 $3,608 $26,560 $21,806
1993 $1,034 $3,550 $25,617 $21,940
1994 $662 $3,327 $27,202 $22,887
1995 $770 $3,434 $31,747 $23,615
1996 $899 $3,547 $30,600 $24,160
1997 $804 $3,510 $27,047 $24,644
1998 $660 $3,602 $27,396 $25,444
1999 $776 $3,464 $26,965 $26,518
2000 $1,024 $3,667 $23,926 $27,468
2001 $855 $3,748 $23,878 $28,677
2002 $906 $3,888 $25,487 $29,514
2003 $1,017 $3,887 $30,711 $30,305
2004 $1,306 $3,992 $34,567 $31,757
2005 $1,799 $4,279 $35,084 $32,314
2006 $2,104 $4,588 $36,980 $34,749
2007 $2,206 $4,243 $42,351 $36,915
2008 $2,832 $4,448 $46,386 $38,444
2009 $2,271 $4,801 $42,487 $37,554
2010 $2,947 $5,125 $42,410 $39,730
2011 $3,396 $5,175 $47,647 $43,398
2012 $3,732 $6,058 $44,736 $44,229
2013 $3,697 $5,834 $47,220 $45,889
2014 $3,601 $5,733 $48,971 $47,939
2015 $2,439 $4,715 $41,911 $48,558
2016 $2,093 $4,016 $42,961 $51,570
2017 $2,212 $4,445 $45,527 $54,110
2018 $2,694 $5,593 $48,875 $56,273
2019 $2,488 $5,720 $47,624 $59,271
2020 $1,994 $4,771 $47,380 $58,686
2021 $2,516 $6,263 $52,266 $62,531
2022 $2,621 $6,647 $49,686 $67,590
2023 $2,478 $6,850 $53,940 $68,693
2024 $2,482 $7,026 $55,800 $72,300

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, the Congo's government spending was $3.58B, accounting for 21.9% of its GDP, while Germany's spent $2.31T, or 49.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 91.4% in the Congo and 65.4% in Germany, ranking 33/185 and 65/185, respectively.

Congo
Government spending

Government debt
Germany
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Congo Germany
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 - - 22.9% 18.4%
1961 - - 28.8% 18.7%
1962 - - 29.2% 17.6%
1963 - - 29.1% 18.1%
1964 - - 29% 18.2%
1965 - - 28.4% 18.7%
1966 - - 28.3% 19.8%
1967 - - 28.8% 22.5%
1968 - - 28.5% 22.5%
1969 - - 29.7% 20.3%
1970 - - 39.5% 17.7%
1971 - - 40.9% 17.7%
1972 - - 41.8% 18%
1973 - - 42.4% 17.3%
1974 - - 46% 18.5%
1975 - - 50.3% 23.7%
1976 - - 49.4% 25.1%
1977 - - 49% 26%
1978 - - 47.7% 27.4%
1979 - - 47.4% 28.2%
1980 - - 48.2% 30.1%
1981 - - 49% 33.6%
1982 - - 49.1% 36.4%
1983 - - 47.9% 38%
1984 - - 47.2% 38.7%
1985 - - 46.6% 39.2%
1986 - - 45.7% 39.1%
1987 - - 46% 40.1%
1988 - - 45.6% 40.5%
1989 20.3% 151.7% 44.3% 39.2%
1990 30.4% 0% 44.7% 40.7%
1991 34.1% 0% 46.5% 39.5%
1992 32.8% 0% 47.4% 41.9%
1993 32.8% 0% 48.3% 45.5%
1994 30.7% 0% 48.3% 47.9%
1995 27.6% 0% 55.2% 55.3%
1996 15.7% 0% 49.6% 58.1%
1997 22.2% 0% 48.8% 59.2%
1998 25.1% 0% 48.3% 59.8%
1999 28.8% 0% 48.5% 60.3%
2000 22.6% 145% 48.1% 59.2%
2001 29.1% 180.1% 47.7% 58.1%
2002 32.1% 163.5% 48.2% 59.8%
2003 27% 185.3% 48.5% 63.3%
2004 24.4% 122.6% 47% 65%
2005 22.1% 99.8% 46.9% 67.1%
2006 26.6% 94.7% 45.3% 66.4%
2007 28.6% 93.8% 43.5% 63.7%
2008 24.2% 69.6% 44.4% 65.2%
2009 24.4% 83.8% 48.3% 72.3%
2010 23% 43.5% 48.1% 81%
2011 27.9% 34.4% 45.3% 78.5%
2012 30.7% 30.2% 45.1% 79.8%
2013 42.4% 33.9% 45.2% 77.4%
2014 48.6% 42.3% 44.5% 74.5%
2015 41.3% 74.2% 44.5% 71.2%
2016 38.8% 84.6% 44.7% 68.3%
2017 26.6% 88.5% 44.6% 64%
2018 17.8% 71.2% 44.7% 60.8%
2019 20.2% 77.6% 45.6% 58.7%
2020 21.1% 102.5% 51.1% 68%
2021 20.9% 97.8% 50.7% 68.1%
2022 22.8% 92.5% 49% 65%
2023 20.7% 99% 48.4% 62.9%
2024 22.8% 95.4% 49.5% 63.9%
2025 21.9% 91.4% 49.9% 65.4%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, the Congo's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $410M, equivalent to 2.61% of GDP. This compares to Germany's deficit of -$129B, or -2.76% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, the Congo recorded a fiscal deficit in 16 of those years, while Germany ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, the Congo posted an annual surplus equal to +0.72% of GDP, compared to deficit of -1.98% of GDP for Germany.

Deficit/surplus
Congo

Germany
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Congo Germany
1880 - -0.13%
1881 - 0.12%
1882 - 0.41%
1883 - 0.55%
1884 - 0.23%
1885 - 0.21%
1886 - 0.23%
1887 - 0.88%
1888 - 0.62%
1889 - 1.16%
1890 - 0.12%
1891 - 1.18%
1892 - -0.24%
1893 - 0.42%
1894 - 0.44%
1895 - 0.47%
1896 - 0.63%
1897 - 0.39%
1898 - 0.47%
1899 - 0.6%
1900 - 0.27%
1901 - 0.91%
1902 - 0.08%
1903 - 0.88%
1904 - 0.41%
1905 - 1.21%
1906 - 0.76%
1907 - -0.14%
1908 - -0.11%
1909 - 0.11%
1910 - -0.21%
1911 - 0.06%
1912 - -0.26%
1913 - 0.007%
1914 - 0.007%
1915 - 0.007%
1916 - 0.007%
1917 - 0.007%
1918 - 0.007%
1919 - 0.007%
1920 - 0.007%
1921 - 0.007%
1922 - 0.007%
1923 - 0.007%
1924 - 0.007%
1925 - 0.34%
1926 - -1.3%
1927 - -0.44%
1928 - -1.47%
1929 - -0.9%
1930 - -1.52%
1931 - -1.03%
1932 - -1.11%
1933 - -0.43%
1934 - -0.64%
1935 - -0.64%
1936 - -0.64%
1937 - -0.64%
1938 - -0.64%
1939 - -0.64%
1940 - -0.64%
1941 - -0.64%
1942 - -0.64%
1943 - -0.64%
1944 - -0.64%
1945 - -0.64%
1946 - -0.64%
1947 - -0.64%
1948 - -0.64%
1949 - -0.64%
1950 - 1.81%
1951 - 1.15%
1952 - 0%
1953 - -0.13%
1954 - -0.37%
1955 - -1.41%
1956 - 0.59%
1957 - 1.99%
1958 - 1.77%
1959 - 0.77%
1960 - -0.34%
1961 - -0.12%
1962 - 0.49%
1963 - 1.43%
1964 - 1.49%
1965 - 2.26%
1966 - 1.76%
1967 - 2.73%
1968 - 1.39%
1969 - -0.43%
1970 - 0.53%
1971 - 0.16%
1972 - -0.37%
1973 - 1.14%
1974 - -1.69%
1975 - -5.78%
1976 - -3.5%
1977 - -2.56%
1978 - -2.62%
1979 - -2.71%
1980 - -3.02%
1981 - -4.03%
1982 - -3.56%
1983 - -2.95%
1984 - -2.04%
1985 - -1.18%
1986 - -1.18%
1987 - -1.85%
1988 - -2.02%
1989 0.78% 0.08%
1990 -4.1% -1.94%
1991 -11.2% -3.21%
1992 -12.7% -2.63%
1993 -11.3% -3.11%
1994 -10.6% -2.54%
1995 -6.38% -9.44%
1996 9.2% -3.64%
1997 3.67% -3.03%
1998 -5.16% -2.65%
1999 -4.75% -1.87%
2000 1.05% -1.71%
2001 -0.71% -3.12%
2002 -7.34% -4.09%
2003 0.37% -3.83%
2004 3.33% -3.42%
2005 13.4% -3.37%
2006 16% -1.76%
2007 8.99% 0.15%
2008 23.9% -0.26%
2009 4.76% -3.17%
2010 15.5% -4.42%
2011 16.1% -0.84%
2012 7.24% -0.05%
2013 -2.85% 0.12%
2014 -10.7% 0.73%
2015 -17.8% 0.92%
2016 -14.5% 1.13%
2017 -5.57% 1.34%
2018 5.22% 1.88%
2019 4.3% 1.33%
2020 -1.1% -4.38%
2021 1.63% -3.17%
2022 8.94% -2.15%
2023 5.81% -2.48%
2024 2.61% -2.76%
2025 3.54% -2.95%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, the Congo has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.1%, compared with 1.81% in Germany. In 2024, inflation was 3.6% in the Congo and 2.26% in Germany.

Inflation
Congo

Germany
Year Inflation
Congo Germany Congo Germany
1996 7.4% 1.45%
1997 12.7% 1.94%
1998 2.2% 0.91%
1999 3% 0.59%
2000 0.5% 1.44%
2001 0.8% 1.98%
2002 3% 1.42%
2003 1.7% 1.03%
2004 3.7% 1.67%
2005 2.5% 1.55%
2006 4.7% 1.58%
2007 2.6% 2.3%
2008 6% 2.63%
2009 4.3% 0.31%
2010 0.4% 1.1%
2011 1.8% 2.08%
2012 5% 2.01%
2013 4.6% 1.5%
2014 0.9% 0.91%
2015 3.2% 0.51%
2016 3.2% 0.49%
2017 0.4% 1.51%
2018 1.2% 1.73%
2019 0.4% 1.45%
2020 1.4% 0.14%
2021 2% 3.07%
2022 3% 6.87%
2023 4.3% 5.95%
2024 3.1% 2.26%
2025 3.6% -

Top exports between countries

Congo
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $2.01M
Machinery & equipment $385K
Metals $329K
Textiles & consumer goods $74K
Animal & marine products $10K
Miscellaneous $5K
Chemicals & pharma $1K
Germany
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $25.8M
Machinery & equipment $22.8M
Metals $20.5M
Raw agricultural goods $11.8M
Chemicals & pharma $3.49M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.37M
Miscellaneous $2.73M
Wood & paper products $1.69M
Textiles & consumer goods $776K
Raw materials & minerals $636K

Balance of trade

Congo Germany
Current account balance
$1.72B
2021
$264B
2024
Current account balance ranking
47/189
2021
2/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+11.6%
2021
+5.67%
2024
Goods imports
$2.78B
2021
$1.21T
2024
Goods exports
$7.51B
2021
$1.47T
2024
Service imports
$1.71B
2021
$551B
2024
Service exports
$240M
2021
$470B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
40.4%
2024
38.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.8%
2024
42.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Congo Germany
Economic freedom 48.6 71.6
Economic freedom ranking 169/197 28/197
Property rights 30.8 95.4
Government integrity 13.2 86
Judicial effectiveness 14.9 93.5
Tax burden 75.5 60.5
Government spending 86.2 26.9
Fiscal health 80.4 81.1
Business freedom 36.9 83.7
Labor freedom 52.5 53.3
Monetary freedom 77.7 69
Trade freedom 49.6 79.6
Investment freedom 35 60
Financial freedom 30 70

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for the Congo is 48.6, ranking 169/197, compared to 71.6 for Germany, ranking 28/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Congo
Germany
Year Economic freedom index
Congo Germany
1995 - 69.8
1996 40.3 69.1
1997 42.2 67.5
1998 33.8 64.3
1999 41.6 65.6
2000 40.6 65.7
2001 44.3 69.5
2002 45.3 70.4
2003 47.7 69.7
2004 45.9 69.5
2005 46.2 68.1
2006 43.8 70.8
2007 44.4 70.8
2008 45.3 70.6
2009 45.4 70.5
2010 43.2 71.1
2011 43.6 71.8
2012 43.8 71
2013 43.5 72.8
2014 43.7 73.4
2015 42.7 73.8
2016 42.8 74.4
2017 40 73.8
2018 38.9 74.2
2019 39.7 73.5
2020 41.8 73.5
2021 50.7 72.5
2022 48.5 76.1
2023 48.1 73.7
2024 47.8 72.1
2025 48.6 71.6

More economic indicators

Congo Germany
Services, % of GDP
45%
2024
63.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
40.1%
2024
25.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.44%
2024
0.83%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$15.2B
2024
$4.59T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$6,700
2024
$74,880
2024
Total reserves including gold
$715M
2023
$378B
2024
Total reserves ranking
148/177
2023
10/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$330M
2021
$32.6B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$604M
2024
$47.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$25.4M
2024
$80.2B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.31%
2023
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
40.9%
2011
14.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.8%
2024
21%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Congo vs Germany
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.