Skip to content

Economy of Argentina vs DR Congo compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Argentina has a GDP of $638B compared to $71B for the DR Congo, ranking 24/197 and 87/197 by economy size, respectively.

Argentina has $540B in government debt (84.7% of GDP), compared to $16B (22.5% of GDP) in the DR Congo.

Argentina vs DR Congo GDP by year

Argentina
DR Congo
1x
Year GDP, current $
Argentina DR Congo
2024 $638,365,455,340 $70,962,185,791
2023 $649,461,687,959 $69,843,655,425
2022 $633,993,756,301 $70,422,346,142
2021 $486,564,085,480 $59,067,289,574
2020 $385,740,508,437 $46,691,989,749
2019 $447,754,683,615 $46,845,900,350
2018 $524,819,892,360 $46,659,954,092
2017 $643,628,393,281 $37,537,521,566
2016 $557,532,320,663 $38,600,224,214
2015 $594,749,285,413 $40,179,574,490
2014 $526,319,673,732 $38,352,980,553
2013 $552,025,140,252 $34,891,189,160
2012 $545,982,375,701 $30,029,369,929
2011 $530,158,122,010 $26,392,379,642
2010 $423,627,422,092 $24,161,641,931
2009 $332,976,484,578 $18,607,259,481
2008 $361,558,037,110 $22,723,488,723
2007 $287,530,508,431 $18,374,807,773
2006 $232,557,260,817 $15,484,044,535
2005 $198,737,095,012 $12,609,728,573
2004 $164,657,930,453 $10,297,483,481
2003 $127,586,973,492 $8,937,567,060
2002 $97,724,004,252 $8,728,038,525
2001 $268,696,750,000 $7,438,189,100
2000 $284,203,750,000 $19,088,046,306
1999 $283,523,000,000 $4,711,259,427
1998 $298,948,250,000 $6,217,805,821
1997 $292,859,000,000 $6,090,838,693
1996 $272,149,750,000 $5,771,456,952
1995 $258,031,750,000 $5,643,439,376
1994 $257,440,000,000 $5,820,382,248
1993 $236,741,715,015 $10,706,259,937
1992 $228,778,917,308 $8,227,343,907
1991 $189,719,984,268 $9,625,436,873
1990 $141,352,654,305 $9,349,764,580
1989 $76,629,728,760 $9,021,862,775
1988 $126,890,235,049 $8,861,299,977
1987 $108,810,885,301 $7,661,625,473
1986 $105,872,372,614 $8,095,367,168
1985 $88,150,891,728 $7,195,042,616
1984 $116,915,052,107 $7,857,729,193
1983 $103,979,106,778 $11,006,712,650
1982 $84,307,486,837 $13,651,667,371
1981 $78,676,842,367 $12,537,821,038
1980 $76,961,923,741 $14,394,927,495
1979 $69,252,328,952 $15,068,422,236
1978 $89,049,453,088 $15,372,608,002
1977 $56,781,000,101 $12,344,424,764
1976 $51,169,499,892 $9,648,583,225
1975 $52,438,647,922 $10,237,343,174
1974 $72,436,777,342 $9,596,960,180
1973 $52,544,000,117 $7,870,239,461
1972 $34,733,000,536 $6,173,712,814
1971 $33,293,199,095 $5,594,770,359
1970 $31,584,210,366 $4,877,684,910
1969 $31,256,284,544 $5,032,434,970
1968 $26,436,857,247 $3,909,780,539
1967 $24,256,667,553 $3,384,063,372
1966 $28,630,474,728 $4,532,660,182
1965 $28,344,705,967 $4,043,901,818
1964 $25,605,249,382 $2,881,545,273
1963 $18,272,123,664 $6,213,185,743
1962 $18,337,691,145 $3,779,841,429
1961 $20,132,220,375 $3,086,746,857
1960 $15,865,474,315 $3,359,404,118

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/dr-congo | CC BY

GDP per capita in Argentina vs DR Congo by year

Argentina
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
DR Congo
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Argentina DR Congo
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $13,970 $30,431 $649 $1,821
2023 $14,262 $30,221 $660 $1,731
2022 $13,962 $29,809 $688 $1,590
2021 $10,738 $26,300 $596 $1,402
2020 $8,536 $22,393 $486 $1,089
2019 $9,956 $23,517 $504 $1,056
2018 $11,753 $24,410 $518 $1,049
2017 $14,533 $23,385 $431 $991
2016 $12,700 $20,106 $460 $950
2015 $13,680 $19,899 $496 $910
2014 $12,233 $19,487 $489 $859
2013 $12,964 $19,929 $460 $761
2012 $12,950 $19,430 $410 $648
2011 $12,704 $19,105 $373 $644
2010 $10,260 $17,848 $352 $606
2009 $8,150 $16,182 $280.2 $573
2008 $8,944 $17,277 $353 $584
2007 $7,185 $16,455 $294.1 $550
2006 $5,869 $14,844 $255.4 $508
2005 $5,068 $13,465 $214.5 $484
2004 $4,242 $12,118 $180.7 $456
2003 $3,320 $10,933 $161.5 $428
2002 $2,570 $9,953 $162.4 $410
2001 $7,141 $11,118 $142.7 $404
2000 $7,637 $11,500 $378 $417
1999 $7,706 $11,464 $96.3 $452
1998 $8,219 $11,836 $131.5 $481
1997 $8,147 $11,403 $132.3 $497
1996 $7,663 $10,496 $127.4 $526
1995 $7,358 $9,891 $127 $532
1994 $7,438 $10,103 $136.5 $540
1993 $6,932 $9,472 $263.3 $576
1992 $6,790 $8,668 $209.7 $674
1991 $5,709 $7,961 $253.8 $762
1990 $4,315 $7,158 $254.9 $832
1989 $2,375 - $254.2 -
1988 $3,993 - $257.7 -
1987 $3,477 - $230.1 -
1986 $3,436 - $250.9 -
1985 $2,906 - $230.1 -
1984 $3,915 - $259.8 -
1983 $3,538 - $376 -
1982 $2,915 - $482 -
1981 $2,764 - $456 -
1980 $2,748 - $539 -
1979 $2,512 - $582 -
1978 $3,282 - $615 -
1977 $2,126 - $509 -
1976 $1,947 - $408 -
1975 $2,027 - $445 -
1974 $2,845 - $428 -
1973 $2,098 - $361 -
1972 $1,409 - $290.5 -
1971 $1,373 - $270.3 -
1970 $1,323 - $242.2 -
1969 $1,330 - $257.1 -
1968 $1,142 - $205.6 -
1967 $1,064 - $183.3 -
1966 $1,275 - $252.8 -
1965 $1,282 - $232 -
1964 $1,176 - $169.9 -
1963 $853 - $376 -
1962 $870 - $235.1 -
1961 $971 - $197.1 -
1960 $778 - $220.1 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/dr-congo | CC BY

Argentina's GDP per capita is $13,970, ranking 72/197, compared to $649 in the DR Congo, ranking 190/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Argentina ranks 73rd at $30,431, while the DR Congo ranks 190th at $1,821.

Economic indicators

Argentina DR Congo
Gross domestic product
$638B
2024
$71B
2024
GDP rank
24/197
2024
87/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.34%
2023-2024
6.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$13,970
2024
$649
2024
GDP per capita rank
72/197
2024
190/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$30,431
2024
$1,821
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
73/197
2024
190/197
2024
Government debt
$540B
2024
$16B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.7%
2024
22.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$11,826
2024
$146.4
2024
Government debt per person rank
46/185
2024
183/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$8,743
2026
$1,693
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$52.9B
2022
n/a
Number of billionaires
5
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2024
35.7%
2020
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
2.1%
2020
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31%
2024
16.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
219.9%
2023-2024
2.89%
2015-2016
Central bank interest rate
29%
2025
17.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
1.69%
2024
1.47%
2020
Population
46048053
117507801

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Argentina
Spending

Debt
DR Congo
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Argentina DR Congo
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 31% 84.7% 16.7% 22.5%
2023 37.6% 154.6% 16.5% 27%
2022 37.6% 84.3% 18.3% 23.8%
2021 37.9% 81% 13.8% 25.3%
2020 42.5% 103.8% 12.1% 23.7%
2019 38.1% 89.8% 14% 19.4%
2018 38.9% 85.2% 11.9% 19.3%
2017 41.1% 57% 10.7% 23.2%
2016 41.5% 53.1% 14.3% 33%
2015 41.4% 52.6% 16% 25.5%
2014 38.9% 44.7% 13.7% 22.8%
2013 37.6% 43.5% 11.9% 23.8%
2012 36.8% 40.4% 13.4% 25.1%
2011 34.9% 38.9% 13.7% 29.3%
2010 33.4% 43.5% 15.4% 31.8%
2009 34.5% 55.4% 12.4% 91.6%
2008 30.8% 53.8% 10.1% 80.3%
2007 29.6% 62.1% 8.07% 85.1%
2006 26.6% 70.8% 7.47% 107.5%
2005 24.4% 80.3% 7.59% 112%
2004 23% 117.9% 7.18% 164.1%
2003 22% 125.2% 8.87% 114.5%
2002 21.9% 147.2% 4.17% 136%
2001 26.4% 48% 4.16% 185.4%
2000 25.2% 40.8% 2.49% 135%
1999 25.5% 38.9% 2.15% -
1998 23.1% 34.1% 2.78% -
1997 22.6% 31.7% 2.51% -
1996 22.7% 32.6% 2.17% -
1995 22.9% 30.7% - -
1994 22.9% 28.4% - -
1993 22% 26.9% - -
1992 12.1% 25% - -
1991 11.4% 35.7% - -
1990 11% 48.5% - -
1989 11% 118.2% - -
1988 12.3% 61.4% - -
1987 13.7% 74.1% - -
1986 13.7% 55.9% - -
1985 14.7% 55.2% - -
1984 13% 54.6% - -
1983 14.2% 64.2% - -
1982 15.9% 52.2% - -
1981 17% 26.5% - -
1980 15.2% 11.4% - -
1979 14.5% 12.4% - -
1978 14.9% 17.5% - -
1977 12.6% 25.1% - -
1976 13% 28.7% - -
1975 12.5% 33.8% - -
1974 14% 13% - -
1973 12.6% 12% - -
1972 11.2% 17.1% - -
1971 11.7% 15.2% - -
1970 12% 13.5% - -
1969 12.3% 9.63% - -
1968 12.8% 9.43% - -
1967 13% 10.9% - -
1966 12.1% 13.4% - -
1965 11.6% 15.9% - -
1964 11.8% 16.8% - -
1963 11.2% 23.4% - -
1962 11.3% 25.1% - -
1961 12.3% 8.69% - -
1960 11.3% 8.39% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1992–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/dr-congo | CC BY

In 2024, Argentina's government spending was $198B, accounting for 31% of its GDP, while the DR Congo spent $11.9B, or 16.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.7% in Argentina and 22.5% in the DR Congo, ranking 39/185 and 172/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Argentina

DR Congo
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Argentina DR Congo
2024 0.46% -1.48%
2023 -5.33% -1.65%
2022 -3.84% -1.01%
2021 -4.33% -1.68%
2020 -8.67% -3.17%
2019 -4.44% -3.17%
2018 -5.44% -1.34%
2017 -6.69% -0.05%
2016 -6.65% -0.93%
2015 -6% -1.35%
2014 -4.25% 3.73%
2013 -3.25% 3.28%
2012 -3.02% 1.71%
2011 -2.75% -0.94%
2010 -1.39% -0.95%
2009 -1.83% 0.92%
2008 0.35% -0.41%
2007 0.76% 1.12%
2006 1.65% 1.97%
2005 3.34% 1.3%
2004 3.97% -0.17%
2003 1.5% -3.92%
2002 -1.91% 0.89%
2001 -5.36% -1.13%
2000 -3.42% -1.85%
1999 -3.71% -1.35%
1998 -1.83% -1.55%
1997 -1.84% -1.06%
1996 -2.81% -0.56%
1995 -2.07% -
1994 -1.25% -
1993 -0.02% -
1992 1.54% -
1991 0.96% -
1990 -0.14% -
1989 -0.25% -
1988 -1.75% -
1987 1.89% -
1986 3.3% -
1985 3.6% -
1984 -1.39% -
1983 -2.89% -
1982 -4.68% -
1981 -3.93% -
1980 -1.14% -
1979 -1.5% -
1978 -1.36% -
1977 -0.54% -
1976 -2.39% -
1975 -2.9% -
1974 -1.08% -
1973 -1.48% -
1972 -0.12% -
1971 0.32% -
1970 1.01% -
1969 0.54% -
1968 0.25% -
1967 0.66% -
1966 -0.98% -
1965 -0.89% -
1964 -1.34% -
1963 -0.65% -
1962 -0.47% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 -1.98% -
1959 -4.82% -
1958 -6.61% -
1957 -2.72% -
1956 -3.77% -
1955 -3.75% -
1954 -3.21% -
1953 -3.1% -
1952 -3.01% -
1951 -3.52% -
1950 -3.38% -
1949 -3.98% -
1948 -2.73% -
1947 -1.6% -
1946 -4.12% -
1945 -5.25% -
1944 -4.61% -
1943 -3.86% -
1942 -2.9% -
1941 -2.85% -
1940 -2.31% -
1939 -3.09% -
1938 -2.09% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -1.44% -
1935 -1.16% -
1934 -1.56% -
1933 -1.27% -
1932 -1.19% -
1931 -2.98% -
1930 -3.94% -
1929 -1.95% -
1928 -1.52% -
1927 -3.3% -
1926 -1% -
1925 -0.46% -
1924 -0.68% -
1923 -0.93% -
1922 -1.86% -
1921 -0.99% -
1920 0.2% -
1919 -0.3% -
1918 -1.14% -
1917 -2.18% -
1916 -2.13% -
1915 -2.64% -
1914 -3.03% -
1913 -0.61% -
1912 -0.78% -
1911 -2.19% -
1910 -2.24% -
1909 -2.57% -
1908 0.28% -
1907 -0.2% -
1906 -0.32% -
1905 -3.52% -
1904 0.15% -
1903 -0.25% -
1902 -2.2% -
1901 -0.54% -
1900 -0.42% -
1899 -0.4% -
1898 -9.31% -
1897 -1.46% -
1896 -4.19% -
1895 -1.59% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 0.06% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -4.48% -
1890 -1.82% -
1889 -2.88% -
1888 -0.69% -
1887 0.35% -
1886 -2.39% -
1885 -2.67% -
1884 -4.07% -
1883 -4.19% -
1882 -5.42% -
1881 -2.31% -
1880 -2.15% -
1879 -1.09% -
1878 -1.08% -
1877 -1.68% -
1876 -4.15% -
1875 -3.08% -
1874 -2.59% -
1873 -1.39% -
1872 -1.18% -
1871 -5.54% -
1870 -2.74% -
1869 -1.61% -
1868 -1.8% -
1867 -1.08% -
1866 -2.09% -
1865 -0.79% -
1864 0.51% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1993–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/dr-congo | CC BY

In 2024, Argentina's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $2.92B, equivalent to 0.46% of GDP. This compares to the DR Congo's deficit of $1.05B, or 1.48% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Argentina recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while the DR Congo ran a deficit in 21 years. On average, Argentina posted an annual deficit equal to 2.65% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.51% of GDP for the DR Congo.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Argentina

DR Congo
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Argentina DR Congo
2024 219.9% -
2023 133.5% -
2022 72.4% -
2021 48.4% -
2020 42% -
2019 53.5% -
2018 34.3% -
2017 25.7% -
2016 - 2.89%
2015 - 0.74%
2014 - 1.24%
2013 10.6% 0.81%
2012 10% 9.72%
2011 9.8% 15.3%
2010 10.5% 7.1%
2009 6.3% 2.8%
2008 8.6% 17.3%
2007 8.8% 16.9%
2006 10.9% 13.1%
2005 9.6% 21.3%
2004 4.4% 3.99%
2003 13.4% 12.9%
2002 25.9% 31.5%
2001 -1.1% 360%
2000 -0.9% 514%
1999 -1.2% 284.9%
1998 0.9% 29.1%
1997 - 198.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1998–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2016, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/dr-congo | CC BY

Over the past 19 years, Argentina has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 7.91%, compared with 70.8% in the DR Congo. In 2016, inflation was 219.9% in Argentina and 2.89% in the DR Congo.

Top exports between countries

Argentina
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $22.4M
Raw agricultural goods $10.5M
Animal & marine products $7.7M
DR Congo
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $63K

Balance of trade

Argentina DR Congo
Current account balance
$5.7B
2024
-$2.72B
2024
Current account balance ranking
32/190
2024
153/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.89%
2024
-3.83%
2024
Goods imports
$57.4B
2024
$31B
2024
Goods exports
$79.8B
2024
$34.9B
2024
Service imports
$22.9B
2024
$6.14B
2024
Service exports
$17.2B
2024
$322M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
12.7%
2024
51.8%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.2%
2024
48.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Argentina DR Congo
Economic freedom 57.4 47
Economic freedom ranking 117/197 176/197
Property rights 41.2 15.4
Government integrity 41.2 12.8
Judicial effectiveness 58.2 11.7
Tax burden 67.8 73.8
Government spending 62.3 91.2
Fiscal health 72.2 95.9
Business freedom 56.8 32.3
Labor freedom 53.5 54.2
Monetary freedom 28.9 58.6
Trade freedom 67.4 68.2
Investment freedom 70 30
Financial freedom 70 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Argentina
DR Congo
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Argentina DR Congo
2026 57.4 47
2025 54.2 47.3
2024 49.9 47.6
2023 51 47.9
2022 50.1 47.6
2021 52.7 49
2020 53.1 49.5
2019 52.2 50.3
2018 52.3 52.1
2017 50.4 56.4
2016 43.8 46.4
2015 44.1 45
2014 44.6 40.6
2013 46.7 39.6
2012 48 41.1
2011 51.7 40.7
2010 51.2 41.4
2009 52.3 42.8
2008 54.2 -
2007 54 -
2006 53.4 -
2005 51.7 -
2004 53.9 -
2003 56.3 -
2002 65.7 -
2001 68.6 -
2000 70 34.8
1999 70.6 34
1998 70.9 40.6
1997 73.3 39.5
1996 74.7 39.5
1995 68 41.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/dr-congo | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Argentina is 57.4, ranking 117/197, compared to 47 for the DR Congo, ranking 176/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Argentina DR Congo
Services, % of GDP
53.7%
2024
46.6%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2024
39.9%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.81%
2024
9.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$618B
2024
$72.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$29,800
2024
$1,760
2024
Total reserves including gold
$29.6B
2024
$5.1B
2023
Total reserves ranking
56/177
2024
99/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.89B
2024
-$2.92B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$11.6B
2024
$2.92B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.76B
2024
$198M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
6.32%
2024
0.69%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
38.1%
2024
56.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
15.8%
2024
32.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/dr-congo | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1992–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.