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Economy of Argentina vs Bangladesh compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Argentina has a GDP of $638B compared to $450B for Bangladesh, ranking 24/197 and 36/197 by economy size, respectively.

Argentina has $540B in government debt (84.7% of GDP), compared to $184B (41% of GDP) in Bangladesh.

Argentina vs Bangladesh GDP by year

Argentina
Bangladesh
1x
Year GDP, current $
Argentina Bangladesh
2024 $638,365,455,340 $450,119,432,069
2023 $649,461,687,959 $437,415,333,018
2022 $633,993,756,301 $460,131,689,083
2021 $486,564,085,480 $416,271,647,911
2020 $385,740,508,437 $373,979,442,362
2019 $447,754,683,615 $351,231,654,604
2018 $524,819,892,360 $321,362,752,442
2017 $643,628,393,281 $293,732,446,625
2016 $557,532,320,663 $265,224,515,675
2015 $594,749,285,413 $195,146,608,978
2014 $526,319,673,732 $172,886,611,654
2013 $552,025,140,252 $149,998,957,434
2012 $545,982,375,701 $133,310,747,603
2011 $530,158,122,010 $128,607,482,310
2010 $423,627,422,092 $115,275,540,051
2009 $332,976,484,578 $102,475,158,191
2008 $361,558,037,110 $91,636,997,371
2007 $287,530,508,431 $79,611,644,975
2006 $232,557,260,817 $71,795,736,172
2005 $198,737,095,012 $69,476,001,239
2004 $164,657,930,453 $65,108,544,250
2003 $127,586,973,492 $60,158,929,188
2002 $97,724,004,252 $54,724,081,491
2001 $268,696,750,000 $53,991,289,844
2000 $284,203,750,000 $53,369,787,319
1999 $283,523,000,000 $51,270,569,884
1998 $298,948,250,000 $49,984,559,471
1997 $292,859,000,000 $48,244,309,133
1996 $272,149,750,000 $46,438,484,108
1995 $258,031,750,000 $37,939,748,769
1994 $257,440,000,000 $33,768,660,883
1993 $236,741,715,015 $33,166,519,418
1992 $228,778,917,308 $31,708,874,594
1991 $189,719,984,268 $30,957,483,950
1990 $141,352,654,305 $31,598,340,778
1989 $76,629,728,760 $28,781,715,189
1988 $126,890,235,049 $26,579,005,558
1987 $108,810,885,301 $24,298,032,258
1986 $105,872,372,614 $21,774,033,333
1985 $88,150,891,728 $22,278,423,077
1984 $116,915,052,107 $18,920,840,000
1983 $103,979,106,778 $17,609,048,822
1982 $84,307,486,837 $18,525,399,202
1981 $78,676,842,367 $20,249,694,002
1980 $76,961,923,741 $18,138,049,096
1979 $69,252,328,952 $15,565,480,322
1978 $89,049,453,088 $13,281,767,143
1977 $56,781,000,101 $9,651,149,302
1976 $51,169,499,892 $10,117,113,333
1975 $52,438,647,922 $19,448,348,073
1974 $72,436,777,342 $12,512,460,520
1973 $52,544,000,117 $8,086,725,729
1972 $34,733,000,536 $6,288,245,867
1971 $33,293,199,095 $8,751,843,188
1970 $31,584,210,366 $8,992,722,167
1969 $31,256,284,544 $8,471,006,438
1968 $26,436,857,247 $7,483,685,771
1967 $24,256,667,553 $7,253,575,688
1966 $28,630,474,728 $6,439,687,854
1965 $28,344,705,967 $5,906,636,792
1964 $25,605,249,382 $5,386,054,833
1963 $18,272,123,664 $5,319,458,563
1962 $18,337,691,145 $5,081,413,542
1961 $20,132,220,375 $4,817,580,375
1960 $15,865,474,315 $4,274,894,083

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/bangladesh | CC BY

GDP per capita in Argentina vs Bangladesh by year

Argentina
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Bangladesh
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Argentina Bangladesh
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $13,970 $30,431 $2,593 $9,647
2023 $14,262 $30,221 $2,551 $9,148
2022 $13,962 $29,809 $2,716 $8,451
2021 $10,738 $26,300 $2,483 $7,441
2020 $8,536 $22,393 $2,249 $6,641
2019 $9,956 $23,517 $2,130 $6,047
2018 $11,753 $24,410 $1,965 $5,490
2017 $14,533 $23,385 $1,811 $4,883
2016 $12,700 $20,106 $1,649 $4,579
2015 $13,680 $19,899 $1,224 $4,212
2014 $12,233 $19,487 $1,094 $3,973
2013 $12,964 $19,929 $958 $3,691
2012 $12,950 $19,430 $860 $3,434
2011 $12,704 $19,105 $837 $3,051
2010 $10,260 $17,848 $757 $2,834
2009 $8,150 $16,182 $679 $2,675
2008 $8,944 $17,277 $613 $2,555
2007 $7,185 $16,455 $538 $2,388
2006 $5,869 $14,844 $490 $2,195
2005 $5,068 $13,465 $480 $2,020
2004 $4,242 $12,118 $456 $1,862
2003 $3,320 $10,933 $427 $1,746
2002 $2,570 $9,953 $394 $1,659
2001 $7,141 $11,118 $395 $1,598
2000 $7,637 $11,500 $397 $1,512
1999 $7,706 $11,464 $388 $1,430
1998 $8,219 $11,836 $386 $1,373
1997 $8,147 $11,403 $379 $1,315
1996 $7,663 $10,496 $372 $1,261
1995 $7,358 $9,891 $309 $1,206
1994 $7,438 $10,103 $280.6 $1,145
1993 $6,932 $9,472 $280.8 $1,099
1992 $6,790 $8,668 $273.5 $1,045
1991 $5,709 $7,961 $272.1 $987
1990 $4,315 $7,158 $283.1 $941
1989 $2,375 - $263 -
1988 $3,993 - $247.9 -
1987 $3,477 - $231.5 -
1986 $3,436 - $212.1 -
1985 $2,906 - $222.2 -
1984 $3,915 - $193.4 -
1983 $3,538 - $184.7 -
1982 $2,915 - $199.6 -
1981 $2,764 - $224.2 -
1980 $2,748 - $206.1 -
1979 $2,512 - $181.1 -
1978 $3,282 - $158.3 -
1977 $2,126 - $117.9 -
1976 $1,947 - $126.7 -
1975 $2,027 - $249.8 -
1974 $2,845 - $165 -
1973 $2,098 - $109.7 -
1972 $1,409 - $87.8 -
1971 $1,373 - $124.5 -
1970 $1,323 - $130.2 -
1969 $1,330 - $125.9 -
1968 $1,142 - $114.4 -
1967 $1,064 - $114.2 -
1966 $1,275 - $104.4 -
1965 $1,282 - $98.6 -
1964 $1,176 - $92.6 -
1963 $853 - $94.1 -
1962 $870 - $92.6 -
1961 $971 - $90.4 -
1960 $778 - $82.5 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/bangladesh | CC BY

Argentina's GDP per capita is $13,970, ranking 72/197, compared to $2,593 in Bangladesh, ranking 146/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Argentina ranks 73rd at $30,431, while Bangladesh ranks 135th at $9,647.

Economic indicators

Argentina Bangladesh
Gross domestic product
$638B
2024
$450B
2024
GDP rank
24/197
2024
36/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.34%
2023-2024
4.22%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$13,970
2024
$2,593
2024
GDP per capita rank
72/197
2024
146/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$30,431
2024
$9,647
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
73/197
2024
135/197
2024
Government debt
$540B
2024
$184B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.7%
2024
41%
2024
Government debt per person
$11,826
2024
$1,063
2024
Government debt per person rank
46/185
2024
139/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$8,743
2026
$2,222
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$52.9B
2022
$87.9B
2024
Number of billionaires
5
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2024
25.5%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
3.7%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31%
2024
12%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
219.9%
2023-2024
9.7%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
29%
2025
10%
2024
Unemployment rate
1.69%
2024
3.64%
2024
Population
46048053
178415186

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Argentina
Spending

Debt
Bangladesh
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Argentina Bangladesh
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 31% 84.7% 12% 41%
2023 37.6% 154.6% 12.6% 39.7%
2022 37.6% 84.3% 13% 37.9%
2021 37.9% 81% 12.9% 35.6%
2020 42.5% 103.8% 13.3% 34.5%
2019 38.1% 89.8% 13.6% 32%
2018 38.9% 85.2% 13% 29.6%
2017 41.1% 57% 12.2% 28.3%
2016 41.5% 53.1% 11.6% 27.7%
2015 41.4% 52.6% 11.5% 28.2%
2014 38.9% 44.7% 11.7% 28.7%
2013 37.6% 43.5% 12.1% 28.3%
2012 36.8% 40.4% 11.7% 29.1%
2011 34.9% 38.9% 11.5% 29.4%
2010 33.4% 43.5% 10.6% 29.6%
2009 34.5% 55.4% 10.6% 33%
2008 30.8% 53.8% 11.5% 33.9%
2007 29.6% 62.1% 9.63% 35%
2006 26.6% 70.8% 10.1% 35.3%
2005 24.4% 80.3% 10.3% 35.6%
2004 23% 117.9% 9.88% 36.6%
2003 22% 125.2% 10.2% 37%
2002 21.9% 147.2% 10.4% 38.9%
2001 26.4% 48% 10.7% 37.1%
2000 25.2% 40.8% 9.76% 31.2%
1999 25.5% 38.9% 8.66% 32.7%
1998 23.1% 34.1% 9.82% 31.1%
1997 22.6% 31.7% 9.89% 29.1%
1996 22.7% 32.6% 9.79% 31%
1995 22.9% 30.7% 10.5% 32.9%
1994 22.9% 28.4% 10% 35.5%
1993 22% 26.9% 9.74% 34.1%
1992 12.1% 25% 8.8% 33.1%
1991 11.4% 35.7% 8.86% 31.8%
1990 11% 48.5% 9.14% 31.5%
1989 11% 118.2% - -
1988 12.3% 61.4% - -
1987 13.7% 74.1% - -
1986 13.7% 55.9% - -
1985 14.7% 55.2% - -
1984 13% 54.6% - -
1983 14.2% 64.2% - -
1982 15.9% 52.2% - -
1981 17% 26.5% - -
1980 15.2% 11.4% - -
1979 14.5% 12.4% - -
1978 14.9% 17.5% - -
1977 12.6% 25.1% - -
1976 13% 28.7% - -
1975 12.5% 33.8% - -
1974 14% 13% - -
1973 12.6% 12% - -
1972 11.2% 17.1% - -
1971 11.7% 15.2% - -
1970 12% 13.5% - -
1969 12.3% 9.63% - -
1968 12.8% 9.43% - -
1967 13% 10.9% - -
1966 12.1% 13.4% - -
1965 11.6% 15.9% - -
1964 11.8% 16.8% - -
1963 11.2% 23.4% - -
1962 11.3% 25.1% - -
1961 12.3% 8.69% - -
1960 11.3% 8.39% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2002, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/bangladesh | CC BY

In 2024, Argentina's government spending was $198B, accounting for 31% of its GDP, while Bangladesh spent $54.2B, or 12% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.7% in Argentina and 41% in Bangladesh, ranking 39/185 and 131/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Argentina

Bangladesh
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Argentina Bangladesh
2024 0.46% -3.69%
2023 -5.33% -4.39%
2022 -3.84% -4.53%
2021 -4.33% -3.56%
2020 -8.67% -4.84%
2019 -4.44% -5.41%
2018 -5.44% -4.07%
2017 -6.69% -4.17%
2016 -6.65% -3.16%
2015 -6% -3.29%
2014 -4.25% -2.62%
2013 -3.25% -2.86%
2012 -3.02% -2.56%
2011 -2.75% -2.96%
2010 -1.39% -2.23%
2009 -1.83% -2.68%
2008 0.35% -3.36%
2007 0.76% -1.86%
2006 1.65% -2.15%
2005 3.34% -2.4%
2004 3.97% -2.21%
2003 1.5% -1.96%
2002 -1.91% -2.3%
2001 -5.36% -3.44%
2000 -3.42% -2.5%
1999 -3.71% -1.35%
1998 -1.83% -2.2%
1997 -1.84% -1.94%
1996 -2.81% -2.01%
1995 -2.07% -0.38%
1994 -1.25% 0.03%
1993 -0.02% 0.43%
1992 1.54% 0.36%
1991 0.96% 0.44%
1990 -0.14% -0.15%
1989 -0.25% -
1988 -1.75% -
1987 1.89% -
1986 3.3% -
1985 3.6% -
1984 -1.39% -
1983 -2.89% -
1982 -4.68% -
1981 -3.93% -
1980 -1.14% -
1979 -1.5% -
1978 -1.36% -
1977 -0.54% -
1976 -2.39% -
1975 -2.9% -
1974 -1.08% -
1973 -1.48% -
1972 -0.12% -
1971 0.32% -
1970 1.01% -
1969 0.54% -
1968 0.25% -
1967 0.66% -
1966 -0.98% -
1965 -0.89% -
1964 -1.34% -
1963 -0.65% -
1962 -0.47% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 -1.98% -
1959 -4.82% -
1958 -6.61% -
1957 -2.72% -
1956 -3.77% -
1955 -3.75% -
1954 -3.21% -
1953 -3.1% -
1952 -3.01% -
1951 -3.52% -
1950 -3.38% -
1949 -3.98% -
1948 -2.73% -
1947 -1.6% -
1946 -4.12% -
1945 -5.25% -
1944 -4.61% -
1943 -3.86% -
1942 -2.9% -
1941 -2.85% -
1940 -2.31% -
1939 -3.09% -
1938 -2.09% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -1.44% -
1935 -1.16% -
1934 -1.56% -
1933 -1.27% -
1932 -1.19% -
1931 -2.98% -
1930 -3.94% -
1929 -1.95% -
1928 -1.52% -
1927 -3.3% -
1926 -1% -
1925 -0.46% -
1924 -0.68% -
1923 -0.93% -
1922 -1.86% -
1921 -0.99% -
1920 0.2% -
1919 -0.3% -
1918 -1.14% -
1917 -2.18% -
1916 -2.13% -
1915 -2.64% -
1914 -3.03% -
1913 -0.61% -
1912 -0.78% -
1911 -2.19% -
1910 -2.24% -
1909 -2.57% -
1908 0.28% -
1907 -0.2% -
1906 -0.32% -
1905 -3.52% -
1904 0.15% -
1903 -0.25% -
1902 -2.2% -
1901 -0.54% -
1900 -0.42% -
1899 -0.4% -
1898 -9.31% -
1897 -1.46% -
1896 -4.19% -
1895 -1.59% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 0.06% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -4.48% -
1890 -1.82% -
1889 -2.88% -
1888 -0.69% -
1887 0.35% -
1886 -2.39% -
1885 -2.67% -
1884 -4.07% -
1883 -4.19% -
1882 -5.42% -
1881 -2.31% -
1880 -2.15% -
1879 -1.09% -
1878 -1.08% -
1877 -1.68% -
1876 -4.15% -
1875 -3.08% -
1874 -2.59% -
1873 -1.39% -
1872 -1.18% -
1871 -5.54% -
1870 -2.74% -
1869 -1.61% -
1868 -1.8% -
1867 -1.08% -
1866 -2.09% -
1865 -0.79% -
1864 0.51% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/bangladesh | CC BY

In 2024, Argentina's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $2.92B, equivalent to 0.46% of GDP. This compares to Bangladesh's deficit of $16.6B, or 3.69% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Argentina recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Bangladesh ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Argentina posted an annual deficit equal to 2.22% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.46% of GDP for Bangladesh.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Argentina

Bangladesh
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Argentina Bangladesh
2024 219.9% 9.7%
2023 133.5% 9%
2022 72.4% 6.1%
2021 48.4% 5.6%
2020 42% 5.6%
2019 53.5% 5.5%
2018 34.3% 5.8%
2017 25.7% 5.4%
2016 - 5.9%
2015 - 6.4%
2014 - 7.3%
2013 10.6% 6.8%
2012 10% 8.9%
2011 9.8% 8.8%
2010 10.5% 7.3%
2009 6.3% 6.7%
2008 8.6% 9.9%
2007 8.8% 7.2%
2006 10.9% 7.2%
2005 9.6% 6.5%
2004 4.4% 8.1%
2003 13.4% 3.9%
2002 25.9% 2.4%
2001 -1.1% 1.8%
2000 -0.9% 3.6%
1999 -1.2% 8.9%
1998 0.9% 6.7%
1997 - 2.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/bangladesh | CC BY

Over the past 27 years, Argentina has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 31.5%, compared with 6.56% in Bangladesh. In 2024, inflation was 219.9% in Argentina and 9.7% in Bangladesh.

Top exports between countries

Argentina
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $460M
Miscellaneous $199M
Raw agricultural goods $27.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.51M
Chemicals & pharma $772K
Animal & marine products $426K
Raw materials & minerals $227K
Machinery & equipment $51K
Bangladesh
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $7.1M
Wood & paper products $89K

Balance of trade

Argentina Bangladesh
Current account balance
$5.7B
2024
$1.43B
2024
Current account balance ranking
32/190
2024
52/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.89%
2024
+0.32%
2024
Goods imports
$57.4B
2024
$63.8B
2024
Goods exports
$79.8B
2024
$47.3B
2024
Service imports
$22.9B
2024
$12.3B
2024
Service exports
$17.2B
2024
$7.47B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
12.7%
2024
16.3%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.2%
2024
10.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Argentina Bangladesh
Economic freedom 57.4 54.8
Economic freedom ranking 117/197 131/197
Property rights 41.2 32.1
Government integrity 41.2 22.7
Judicial effectiveness 58.2 36.7
Tax burden 67.8 79.9
Government spending 62.3 95.3
Fiscal health 72.2 68.4
Business freedom 56.8 52.7
Labor freedom 53.5 50.5
Monetary freedom 28.9 65.8
Trade freedom 67.4 63
Investment freedom 70 50
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Argentina
Bangladesh
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Argentina Bangladesh
2026 57.4 54.8
2025 54.2 54.7
2024 49.9 54.4
2023 51 54.4
2022 50.1 52.7
2021 52.7 56.5
2020 53.1 56.4
2019 52.2 55.6
2018 52.3 55.1
2017 50.4 55
2016 43.8 53.3
2015 44.1 53.9
2014 44.6 54.1
2013 46.7 52.6
2012 48 53.2
2011 51.7 53
2010 51.2 51.1
2009 52.3 47.5
2008 54.2 44.2
2007 54 46.7
2006 53.4 52.9
2005 51.7 47.5
2004 53.9 50
2003 56.3 49.3
2002 65.7 51.9
2001 68.6 51.2
2000 70 48.9
1999 70.6 50
1998 70.9 52
1997 73.3 49.9
1996 74.7 51.1
1995 68 40.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/bangladesh | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Argentina is 57.4, ranking 117/197, compared to 54.8 for Bangladesh, ranking 131/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Argentina Bangladesh
Services, % of GDP
53.7%
2024
51.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2024
34.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.81%
2024
11.2%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$618B
2024
$490B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$29,800
2024
$10,060
2024
Total reserves including gold
$29.6B
2024
$21.4B
2024
Total reserves ranking
56/177
2024
61/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.89B
2024
-$1.49B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$11.6B
2024
$1.31B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.76B
2024
$34.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
6.32%
2024
1.83%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
38.1%
2024
18.7%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
15.8%
2024
30.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–2002, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2015–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.