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Economy of Argentina vs El Salvador compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Argentina has a GDP of $638B compared to $35.4B for El Salvador, ranking 24/197 and 105/197 by economy size, respectively.

Argentina has $540B in government debt (84.7% of GDP), compared to $30.9B (87.5% of GDP) in El Salvador.

Argentina vs El Salvador GDP by year

Argentina
El Salvador
1x
Year GDP, current $
Argentina El Salvador
2024 $638,365,455,340 $35,364,960,000
2023 $649,461,687,959 $33,853,940,000
2022 $633,993,756,301 $31,870,120,000
2021 $486,564,085,480 $29,043,140,000
2020 $385,740,508,437 $24,921,190,000
2019 $447,754,683,615 $26,881,140,000
2018 $524,819,892,360 $26,020,850,000
2017 $643,628,393,281 $24,979,190,000
2016 $557,532,320,663 $24,191,430,000
2015 $594,749,285,413 $23,438,240,000
2014 $526,319,673,732 $22,593,470,000
2013 $552,025,140,252 $21,990,960,000
2012 $545,982,375,701 $21,386,150,000
2011 $530,158,122,010 $20,283,780,000
2010 $423,627,422,092 $18,447,920,000
2009 $332,976,484,578 $17,601,620,000
2008 $361,558,037,110 $17,986,890,000
2007 $287,530,508,431 $17,011,750,000
2006 $232,557,260,817 $15,999,890,000
2005 $198,737,095,012 $14,698,000,000
2004 $164,657,930,453 $13,724,810,900
2003 $127,586,973,492 $13,243,892,200
2002 $97,724,004,252 $12,664,190,300
2001 $268,696,750,000 $12,282,533,600
2000 $284,203,750,000 $11,784,927,700
1999 $283,523,000,000 $11,284,197,000
1998 $298,948,250,000 $10,936,669,900
1997 $292,859,000,000 $10,221,705,900
1996 $272,149,750,000 $9,586,327,800
1995 $258,031,750,000 $8,921,947,100
1994 $257,440,000,000 $7,679,384,000
1993 $236,741,715,015 $6,680,269,200
1992 $228,778,917,308 $5,813,399,300
1991 $189,719,984,268 $5,252,342,400
1990 $141,352,654,305 $4,817,542,204
1989 $76,629,728,760 $4,372,215,300
1988 $126,890,235,049 $4,189,880,000
1987 $108,810,885,301 $3,958,045,800
1986 $105,872,372,614 $3,771,663,200
1985 $88,150,891,728 $3,800,368,600
1984 $116,915,052,107 $3,661,683,400
1983 $103,979,106,778 $3,506,347,800
1982 $84,307,486,837 $3,399,189,100
1981 $78,676,842,367 $3,437,200,200
1980 $76,961,923,741 $3,573,959,900
1979 $69,252,328,952 $3,463,639,900
1978 $89,049,453,088 $3,127,960,000
1977 $56,781,000,101 $2,941,640,100
1976 $51,169,499,892 $2,328,280,100
1975 $52,438,647,922 $1,884,120,100
1974 $72,436,777,342 $1,665,880,000
1973 $52,544,000,117 $1,442,320,000
1972 $34,733,000,536 $1,263,720,000
1971 $33,293,199,095 $1,186,120,000
1970 $31,584,210,366 $1,132,920,000
1969 $31,256,284,544 $1,049,400,000
1968 $26,436,857,247 $1,009,760,100
1967 $24,256,667,553 $976,200,000
1966 $28,630,474,728 $929,520,000
1965 $28,344,705,967 $877,720,000
1964 $25,605,249,382 -
1963 $18,272,123,664 -
1962 $18,337,691,145 -
1961 $20,132,220,375 -
1960 $15,865,474,315 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/el-salvador | CC BY

GDP per capita in Argentina vs El Salvador by year

Argentina
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
El Salvador
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Argentina El Salvador
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $13,970 $30,431 $5,580 $13,264
2023 $14,262 $30,221 $5,365 $12,680
2022 $13,962 $29,809 $5,075 $11,876
2021 $10,738 $26,300 $4,643 $10,810
2020 $8,536 $22,393 $3,997 $9,393
2019 $9,956 $23,517 $4,320 $9,757
2018 $11,753 $24,410 $4,184 $9,204
2017 $14,533 $23,385 $4,020 $8,965
2016 $12,700 $20,106 $3,901 $8,456
2015 $13,680 $19,899 $3,790 $7,934
2014 $12,233 $19,487 $3,666 $7,504
2013 $12,964 $19,929 $3,582 $7,093
2012 $12,950 $19,430 $3,498 $6,708
2011 $12,704 $19,105 $3,331 $6,594
2010 $10,260 $17,848 $3,040 $6,248
2009 $8,150 $16,182 $2,910 $6,063
2008 $8,944 $17,277 $2,983 $6,175
2007 $7,185 $16,455 $2,831 $5,949
2006 $5,869 $14,844 $2,666 $5,695
2005 $5,068 $13,465 $2,447 $5,292
2004 $4,242 $12,118 $2,286 $4,998
2003 $3,320 $10,933 $2,208 $4,829
2002 $2,570 $9,953 $2,115 $4,672
2001 $7,141 $11,118 $2,058 $4,543
2000 $7,637 $11,500 $1,983 $4,422
1999 $7,706 $11,464 $1,908 $4,298
1998 $8,219 $11,836 $1,860 $4,171
1997 $8,147 $11,403 $1,749 $4,043
1996 $7,663 $10,496 $1,651 $3,880
1995 $7,358 $9,891 $1,548 $3,808
1994 $7,438 $10,103 $1,344 $3,591
1993 $6,932 $9,472 $1,180 $3,390
1992 $6,790 $8,668 $1,041 $3,171
1991 $5,709 $7,961 $956 $2,945
1990 $4,315 $7,158 $892 $2,856
1989 $2,375 - $825 -
1988 $3,993 - $806 -
1987 $3,477 - $777 -
1986 $3,436 - $755 -
1985 $2,906 - $776 -
1984 $3,915 - $763 -
1983 $3,538 - $745 -
1982 $2,915 - $735 -
1981 $2,764 - $752 -
1980 $2,748 - $787 -
1979 $2,512 - $773 -
1978 $3,282 - $712 -
1977 $2,126 - $684 -
1976 $1,947 - $553 -
1975 $2,027 - $457 -
1974 $2,845 - $413 -
1973 $2,098 - $366 -
1972 $1,409 - $329 -
1971 $1,373 - $316 -
1970 $1,323 - $309 -
1969 $1,330 - $293.4 -
1968 $1,142 - $290.1 -
1967 $1,064 - $288.4 -
1966 $1,275 - $282.4 -
1965 $1,282 - $274.3 -
1964 $1,176 - - -
1963 $853 - - -
1962 $870 - - -
1961 $971 - - -
1960 $778 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/el-salvador | CC BY

Argentina's GDP per capita is $13,970, ranking 72/197, compared to $5,580 in El Salvador, ranking 116/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Argentina ranks 73rd at $30,431, while El Salvador ranks 120th at $13,264.

Economic indicators

Argentina El Salvador
Gross domestic product
$638B
2024
$35.4B
2024
GDP rank
24/197
2024
105/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.34%
2023-2024
2.6%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$13,970
2024
$5,580
2024
GDP per capita rank
72/197
2024
116/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$30,431
2024
$13,264
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
73/197
2024
120/197
2024
Government debt
$540B
2024
$30.9B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.7%
2024
87.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$11,826
2024
$4,883
2024
Government debt per person rank
46/185
2024
81/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$8,743
2026
$4,768
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$52.9B
2022
n/a
Number of billionaires
5
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2024
29.7%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
1.9%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31%
2024
31.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
219.9%
2023-2024
0.85%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
29%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
1.69%
2024
2.71%
2024
Population
46048053
6399793

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Argentina
Spending

Debt
El Salvador
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Argentina El Salvador
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 31% 84.7% 31.4% 87.5%
2023 37.6% 154.6% 30.5% 85.1%
2022 37.6% 84.3% 28.7% 83.7%
2021 37.9% 81% 31.1% 88%
2020 42.5% 103.8% 32.7% 95.4%
2019 38.1% 89.8% 27.8% 77.9%
2018 38.9% 85.2% 27.6% 77%
2017 41.1% 57% 28.1% 77.1%
2016 41.5% 53.1% 27.5% 75.2%
2015 41.4% 52.6% 27.1% 73.5%
2014 38.9% 44.7% 27.6% 71.8%
2013 37.6% 43.5% 28.5% 69.7%
2012 36.8% 40.4% 27.4% 70%
2011 34.9% 38.9% 25.3% 65.6%
2010 33.4% 43.5% 25.6% 66.8%
2009 34.5% 55.4% 26% 65.8%
2008 30.8% 53.8% 24.5% 54.2%
2007 29.6% 62.1% 22.8% 52.2%
2006 26.6% 70.8% 23.4% 52.6%
2005 24.4% 80.3% 22.4% 46.3%
2004 23% 117.9% 21.5% 46.8%
2003 22% 125.2% 22.6% 46%
2002 21.9% 147.2% 22.5% 43.8%
2001 26.4% 48% 21.7% 37.8%
2000 25.2% 40.8% 21% 29.6%
1999 25.5% 38.9% 19.7% 28%
1998 23.1% 34.1% 19.3% 25.7%
1997 22.6% 31.7% 18.6% 27.8%
1996 22.7% 32.6% 21% 28.5%
1995 22.9% 30.7% 18.6% 28%
1994 22.9% 28.4% 18.9% 30.5%
1993 22% 26.9% 18.5% 31.9%
1992 12.1% 25% 20.8% 36.4%
1991 11.4% 35.7% 18.5% 43.3%
1990 11% 48.5% 15.9% -
1989 11% 118.2% - -
1988 12.3% 61.4% - -
1987 13.7% 74.1% - -
1986 13.7% 55.9% - -
1985 14.7% 55.2% - -
1984 13% 54.6% - -
1983 14.2% 64.2% - -
1982 15.9% 52.2% - -
1981 17% 26.5% - -
1980 15.2% 11.4% - -
1979 14.5% 12.4% - -
1978 14.9% 17.5% - -
1977 12.6% 25.1% - -
1976 13% 28.7% - -
1975 12.5% 33.8% - -
1974 14% 13% - -
1973 12.6% 12% - -
1972 11.2% 17.1% - -
1971 11.7% 15.2% - -
1970 12% 13.5% - -
1969 12.3% 9.63% - -
1968 12.8% 9.43% - -
1967 13% 10.9% - -
1966 12.1% 13.4% - -
1965 11.6% 15.9% - -
1964 11.8% 16.8% - -
1963 11.2% 23.4% - -
1962 11.3% 25.1% - -
1961 12.3% 8.69% - -
1960 11.3% 8.39% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/el-salvador | CC BY

In 2024, Argentina's government spending was $198B, accounting for 31% of its GDP, while El Salvador spent $11.1B, or 31.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.7% in Argentina and 87.5% in El Salvador, ranking 39/185 and 36/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Argentina

El Salvador
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Argentina El Salvador
2024 0.46% -4.55%
2023 -5.33% -4.69%
2022 -3.84% -2.68%
2021 -4.33% -5.53%
2020 -8.67% -8.18%
2019 -4.44% -3.07%
2018 -5.44% -2.71%
2017 -6.69% -2.53%
2016 -6.65% -3.1%
2015 -6% -3.63%
2014 -4.25% -4.02%
2013 -3.25% -4.46%
2012 -3.02% -3.81%
2011 -2.75% -4.47%
2010 -1.39% -4.97%
2009 -1.83% -6.65%
2008 0.35% -3.8%
2007 0.76% -2.32%
2006 1.65% -3.42%
2005 3.34% -3.47%
2004 3.97% -2.76%
2003 1.5% -4.23%
2002 -1.91% -5.5%
2001 -5.36% -4.95%
2000 -3.42% -3.45%
1999 -3.71% -3.08%
1998 -1.83% -2.94%
1997 -1.84% -1.97%
1996 -2.81% -2.7%
1995 -2.07% -0.18%
1994 -1.25% -0.94%
1993 -0.02% -1.42%
1992 1.54% -4.29%
1991 0.96% -2.3%
1990 -0.14% -0.61%
1989 -0.25% -
1988 -1.75% -
1987 1.89% -
1986 3.3% -
1985 3.6% -
1984 -1.39% -
1983 -2.89% -
1982 -4.68% -
1981 -3.93% -
1980 -1.14% -
1979 -1.5% -
1978 -1.36% -
1977 -0.54% -
1976 -2.39% -
1975 -2.9% -
1974 -1.08% -
1973 -1.48% -
1972 -0.12% -
1971 0.32% -
1970 1.01% -
1969 0.54% -
1968 0.25% -
1967 0.66% -
1966 -0.98% -
1965 -0.89% -
1964 -1.34% -
1963 -0.65% -
1962 -0.47% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 -1.98% -
1959 -4.82% -
1958 -6.61% -
1957 -2.72% -
1956 -3.77% -
1955 -3.75% -
1954 -3.21% -
1953 -3.1% -
1952 -3.01% -
1951 -3.52% -
1950 -3.38% -
1949 -3.98% -
1948 -2.73% -
1947 -1.6% -
1946 -4.12% -
1945 -5.25% -
1944 -4.61% -
1943 -3.86% -
1942 -2.9% -
1941 -2.85% -
1940 -2.31% -
1939 -3.09% -
1938 -2.09% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -1.44% -
1935 -1.16% -
1934 -1.56% -
1933 -1.27% -
1932 -1.19% -
1931 -2.98% -
1930 -3.94% -
1929 -1.95% -
1928 -1.52% -
1927 -3.3% -
1926 -1% -
1925 -0.46% -
1924 -0.68% -
1923 -0.93% -
1922 -1.86% -
1921 -0.99% -
1920 0.2% -
1919 -0.3% -
1918 -1.14% -
1917 -2.18% -
1916 -2.13% -
1915 -2.64% -
1914 -3.03% -
1913 -0.61% -
1912 -0.78% -
1911 -2.19% -
1910 -2.24% -
1909 -2.57% -
1908 0.28% -
1907 -0.2% -
1906 -0.32% -
1905 -3.52% -
1904 0.15% -
1903 -0.25% -
1902 -2.2% -
1901 -0.54% -
1900 -0.42% -
1899 -0.4% -
1898 -9.31% -
1897 -1.46% -
1896 -4.19% -
1895 -1.59% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 0.06% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -4.48% -
1890 -1.82% -
1889 -2.88% -
1888 -0.69% -
1887 0.35% -
1886 -2.39% -
1885 -2.67% -
1884 -4.07% -
1883 -4.19% -
1882 -5.42% -
1881 -2.31% -
1880 -2.15% -
1879 -1.09% -
1878 -1.08% -
1877 -1.68% -
1876 -4.15% -
1875 -3.08% -
1874 -2.59% -
1873 -1.39% -
1872 -1.18% -
1871 -5.54% -
1870 -2.74% -
1869 -1.61% -
1868 -1.8% -
1867 -1.08% -
1866 -2.09% -
1865 -0.79% -
1864 0.51% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/el-salvador | CC BY

In 2024, Argentina's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $2.92B, equivalent to 0.46% of GDP. This compares to El Salvador's deficit of $1.61B, or 4.55% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Argentina recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while El Salvador ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, Argentina posted an annual deficit equal to 2.22% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.52% of GDP for El Salvador.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Argentina

El Salvador
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Argentina El Salvador
2024 219.9% 0.85%
2023 133.5% 4.05%
2022 72.4% 7.2%
2021 48.4% 3.47%
2020 42% -0.37%
2019 53.5% 0.08%
2018 34.3% 1.09%
2017 25.7% 1.01%
2016 - 0.6%
2015 - -0.73%
2014 - 1.14%
2013 10.6% 0.76%
2012 10% 1.73%
2011 9.8% 5.13%
2010 10.5% 1.18%
2009 6.3% 1.06%
2008 8.6% 6.71%
2007 8.8% 4.58%
2006 10.9% 4.04%
2005 9.6% 4.69%
2004 4.4% 4.45%
2003 13.4% 2.12%
2002 25.9% 1.87%
2001 -1.1% 3.75%
2000 -0.9% 2.27%
1999 -1.2% 0.51%
1998 0.9% 2.55%
1997 - 4.49%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1998–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/el-salvador | CC BY

Over the past 27 years, Argentina has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 31.5%, compared with 2.44% in El Salvador. In 2024, inflation was 219.9% in Argentina and 0.85% in El Salvador.

Top exports between countries

Argentina
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $98.3M
Machinery & equipment $7.49M
Chemicals & pharma $4.77M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.92M
Wood & paper products $1.24M
Raw agricultural goods $775K
Metals $199K
Textiles & consumer goods $115K
Raw materials & minerals $4K
El Salvador
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $3.29M
Textiles & consumer goods $324K
Machinery & equipment $31K
Raw agricultural goods $30K
Miscellaneous $2K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1K

Balance of trade

Argentina El Salvador
Current account balance
$5.7B
2024
-$633M
2024
Current account balance ranking
32/190
2024
110/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.89%
2024
-1.79%
2024
Goods imports
$57.4B
2024
$15.1B
2024
Goods exports
$79.8B
2024
$5.59B
2024
Service imports
$22.9B
2024
$3.26B
2024
Service exports
$17.2B
2024
$6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
12.7%
2024
51.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.2%
2024
32.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Argentina El Salvador
Economic freedom 57.4 57.7
Economic freedom ranking 117/197 114/197
Property rights 41.2 42.7
Government integrity 41.2 31.5
Judicial effectiveness 58.2 15.3
Tax burden 67.8 76.8
Government spending 62.3 72.7
Fiscal health 72.2 59.4
Business freedom 56.8 65.7
Labor freedom 53.5 51.6
Monetary freedom 28.9 70.6
Trade freedom 67.4 76.4
Investment freedom 70 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Argentina
El Salvador
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Argentina El Salvador
2026 57.4 57.7
2025 54.2 56.6
2024 49.9 54.4
2023 51 56
2022 50.1 59.6
2021 52.7 61
2020 53.1 61.6
2019 52.2 61.8
2018 52.3 63.2
2017 50.4 64.1
2016 43.8 65.1
2015 44.1 65.7
2014 44.6 66.2
2013 46.7 66.7
2012 48 68.7
2011 51.7 68.8
2010 51.2 69.9
2009 52.3 69.8
2008 54.2 68.5
2007 54 68.9
2006 53.4 69.6
2005 51.7 71.5
2004 53.9 71.2
2003 56.3 71.5
2002 65.7 73
2001 68.6 73
2000 70 76.3
1999 70.6 75.1
1998 70.9 70.2
1997 73.3 70.5
1996 74.7 70.1
1995 68 69.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/el-salvador | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Argentina is 57.4, ranking 117/197, compared to 57.7 for El Salvador, ranking 114/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Argentina El Salvador
Services, % of GDP
53.7%
2024
61%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2024
22.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.81%
2024
4.38%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$618B
2024
$32.5B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$29,800
2024
$12,420
2024
Total reserves including gold
$29.6B
2024
$3.7B
2024
Total reserves ranking
56/177
2024
110/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.89B
2024
-$636M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$11.6B
2024
$924M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.76B
2024
$288M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
6.32%
2024
35%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
38.1%
2024
27.2%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
15.8%
2024
20.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.