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Economy of Argentina vs Bahrain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Argentina has a GDP of $638B compared to $47.1B for Bahrain, ranking 24/197 and 96/197 by economy size, respectively.

Argentina has $540B in government debt (84.7% of GDP), compared to $62.8B (133.4% of GDP) in Bahrain.

Argentina vs Bahrain GDP by year

Argentina
Bahrain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Argentina Bahrain
2024 $638,365,455,340 $47,109,734,309
2023 $649,461,687,959 $46,192,260,638
2022 $633,993,756,301 $46,458,191,489
2021 $486,564,085,480 $40,840,212,766
2020 $385,740,508,437 $35,837,632,979
2019 $447,754,683,615 $40,446,808,511
2018 $524,819,892,360 $39,567,978,723
2017 $643,628,393,281 $37,204,813,830
2016 $557,532,320,663 $33,884,680,851
2015 $594,749,285,413 $32,523,297,872
2014 $526,319,673,732 $34,772,526,596
2013 $552,025,140,252 $33,823,324,468
2012 $545,982,375,701 $31,963,404,255
2011 $530,158,122,010 $29,914,680,851
2010 $423,627,422,092 $26,805,984,043
2009 $332,976,484,578 $22,938,218,085
2008 $361,558,037,110 $25,710,904,255
2007 $287,530,508,431 $21,730,000,000
2006 $232,557,260,817 $18,504,760,638
2005 $198,737,095,012 $15,968,723,404
2004 $164,657,930,453 $13,150,159,574
2003 $127,586,973,492 $11,074,813,830
2002 $97,724,004,252 $9,593,510,638
2001 $268,696,750,000 $8,976,196,809
2000 $284,203,750,000 $9,062,898,936
1999 $283,523,000,000 $7,528,469,149
1998 $298,948,250,000 $7,031,309,043
1997 $292,859,000,000 $7,219,407,713
1996 $272,149,750,000 $6,938,166,755
1995 $258,031,750,000 $6,651,180,851
1994 $257,440,000,000 $6,330,627,926
1993 $236,741,715,015 $5,913,001,064
1992 $228,778,917,308 $5,402,232,447
1991 $189,719,984,268 $5,248,911,170
1990 $141,352,654,305 $4,809,511,005
1989 $76,629,728,760 $4,393,093,963
1988 $126,890,235,049 $4,209,834,173
1987 $108,810,885,301 $3,856,922,694
1986 $105,872,372,614 $3,470,746,843
1985 $88,150,891,728 $4,152,376,484
1984 $116,915,052,107 $4,440,874,566
1983 $103,979,106,778 $4,247,030,468
1982 $84,307,486,837 $4,145,421,080
1981 $78,676,842,367 $3,943,109,532
1980 $76,961,923,741 $3,493,834,468
1979 $69,252,328,952 $2,710,160,739
1978 $89,049,453,088 $2,272,042,965
1977 $56,781,000,101 $1,989,060,283
1976 $51,169,499,892 $1,581,709,519
1975 $52,438,647,922 $1,099,107,601
1974 $72,436,777,342 $1,042,176,884
1973 $52,544,000,117 $761,132,545
1972 $34,733,000,536 $534,081,184
1971 $33,293,199,095 $422,181,562
1970 $31,584,210,366 $391,577,364
1969 $31,256,284,544 -
1968 $26,436,857,247 -
1967 $24,256,667,553 -
1966 $28,630,474,728 -
1965 $28,344,705,967 -
1964 $25,605,249,382 -
1963 $18,272,123,664 -
1962 $18,337,691,145 -
1961 $20,132,220,375 -
1960 $15,865,474,315 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/bahrain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Argentina vs Bahrain by year

Argentina
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Bahrain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Argentina Bahrain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $13,970 $30,431 $29,654 $66,941
2023 $14,262 $30,221 $29,290 $64,171
2022 $13,962 $29,809 $30,471 $61,678
2021 $10,738 $26,300 $27,148 $54,955
2020 $8,536 $22,393 $24,343 $53,436
2019 $9,956 $23,517 $27,260 $56,600
2018 $11,753 $24,410 $26,324 $51,993
2017 $14,533 $23,385 $24,785 $50,185
2016 $12,700 $20,106 $23,800 $47,429
2015 $13,680 $19,899 $23,734 $48,034
2014 $12,233 $19,487 $26,452 $54,299
2013 $12,964 $19,929 $26,990 $56,310
2012 $12,950 $19,430 $26,439 $56,713
2011 $12,704 $19,105 $25,033 $52,677
2010 $10,260 $17,848 $21,819 $49,255
2009 $8,150 $16,182 $19,465 $48,626
2008 $8,944 $17,277 $23,299 $50,330
2007 $7,185 $16,455 $20,908 $49,347
2006 $5,869 $14,844 $19,267 $48,009
2005 $5,068 $13,465 $17,966 $47,268
2004 $4,242 $12,118 $15,964 $46,317
2003 $3,320 $10,933 $14,486 $45,427
2002 $2,570 $9,953 $13,501 $45,091
2001 $7,141 $11,118 $13,573 $46,162
2000 $7,637 $11,500 $14,214 $45,688
1999 $7,706 $11,464 $12,123 $43,561
1998 $8,219 $11,836 $11,625 $42,281
1997 $8,147 $11,403 $12,255 $40,965
1996 $7,663 $10,496 $12,092 $40,106
1995 $7,358 $9,891 $11,901 $38,839
1994 $7,438 $10,103 $11,629 $37,579
1993 $6,932 $9,472 $11,152 $37,870
1992 $6,790 $8,668 $10,460 $33,648
1991 $5,709 $7,961 $10,434 $31,657
1990 $4,315 $7,158 $9,343 $26,902
1989 $2,375 - $8,833 -
1988 $3,993 - $8,772 -
1987 $3,477 - $8,333 -
1986 $3,436 - $7,777 -
1985 $2,906 - $9,649 -
1984 $3,915 - $10,697 -
1983 $3,538 - $10,599 -
1982 $2,915 - $10,712 -
1981 $2,764 - $10,557 -
1980 $2,748 - $9,733 -
1979 $2,512 - $7,891 -
1978 $3,282 - $6,926 -
1977 $2,126 - $6,358 -
1976 $1,947 - $5,310 -
1975 $2,027 - $3,880 -
1974 $2,845 - $3,874 -
1973 $2,098 - $2,981 -
1972 $1,409 - $2,206 -
1971 $1,373 - $1,830 -
1970 $1,323 - $1,742 -
1969 $1,330 - - -
1968 $1,142 - - -
1967 $1,064 - - -
1966 $1,275 - - -
1965 $1,282 - - -
1964 $1,176 - - -
1963 $853 - - -
1962 $870 - - -
1961 $971 - - -
1960 $778 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/bahrain | CC BY

Argentina's GDP per capita is $13,970, ranking 72/197, compared to $29,654 in Bahrain, ranking 42/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Argentina ranks 73rd at $30,431, while Bahrain ranks 26th at $66,941.

Economic indicators

Argentina Bahrain
Gross domestic product
$638B
2024
$47.1B
2024
GDP rank
24/197
2024
96/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.34%
2023-2024
2.6%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$13,970
2024
$29,654
2024
GDP per capita rank
72/197
2024
42/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$30,431
2024
$66,941
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
73/197
2024
26/197
2024
Government debt
$540B
2024
$62.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.7%
2024
133.4%
2024
Government debt per person
$11,826
2024
$39,552
2024
Government debt per person rank
46/185
2024
14/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$8,743
2026
$23,253
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$52.9B
2022
$20.4B
2024
Number of billionaires
5
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2024
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31%
2024
29.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
219.9%
2023-2024
0.92%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
29%
2025
4.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
1.69%
2024
1.2%
2012
Population
46048053
1669503

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Argentina
Spending

Debt
Bahrain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Argentina Bahrain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 31% 84.7% 29.1% 133.4%
2023 37.6% 154.6% 29.1% 123%
2022 37.6% 84.3% 28.4% 111.6%
2021 37.9% 81% 30.6% 122.3%
2020 42.5% 103.8% 34.6% 125.7%
2019 38.1% 89.8% 31.2% 97.1%
2018 38.9% 85.2% 32.1% 90.4%
2017 41.1% 57% 30.7% 84%
2016 41.5% 53.1% 33.3% 77.4%
2015 41.4% 52.6% 34.8% 63.2%
2014 38.9% 44.7% 27.3% 42.6%
2013 37.6% 43.5% 32% 42.3%
2012 36.8% 40.4% 31.1% 34.8%
2011 34.9% 38.9% 30.2% 31.6%
2010 33.4% 43.5% 31.1% 28.8%
2009 34.5% 55.4% 24.6% 20.5%
2008 30.8% 53.8% 22.7% 12.1%
2007 29.6% 62.1% 22.4% 15.7%
2006 26.6% 70.8% 23.1% 19.4%
2005 24.4% 80.3% 23.9% 23.2%
2004 23% 117.9% 25% 28.2%
2003 22% 125.2% 28.1% 31.1%
2002 21.9% 147.2% 30.6% 27.2%
2001 26.4% 48% 26.5% 25%
2000 25.2% 40.8% 22.2% 24.7%
1999 25.5% 38.9% 27.1% 24.7%
1998 23.1% 34.1% 25.7% 20%
1997 22.6% 31.7% 31% 14.8%
1996 22.7% 32.6% 22.7% 13.1%
1995 22.9% 30.7% 25.1% 13.6%
1994 22.9% 28.4% 26.1% 5.62%
1993 22% 26.9% 26.7% 5.95%
1992 12.1% 25% 29.4% 6.45%
1991 11.4% 35.7% 28.5% 6.71%
1990 11% 48.5% 32.4% 7.24%
1989 11% 118.2% - -
1988 12.3% 61.4% - -
1987 13.7% 74.1% - -
1986 13.7% 55.9% - -
1985 14.7% 55.2% - -
1984 13% 54.6% - -
1983 14.2% 64.2% - -
1982 15.9% 52.2% - -
1981 17% 26.5% - -
1980 15.2% 11.4% - -
1979 14.5% 12.4% - -
1978 14.9% 17.5% - -
1977 12.6% 25.1% - -
1976 13% 28.7% - -
1975 12.5% 33.8% - -
1974 14% 13% - -
1973 12.6% 12% - -
1972 11.2% 17.1% - -
1971 11.7% 15.2% - -
1970 12% 13.5% - -
1969 12.3% 9.63% - -
1968 12.8% 9.43% - -
1967 13% 10.9% - -
1966 12.1% 13.4% - -
1965 11.6% 15.9% - -
1964 11.8% 16.8% - -
1963 11.2% 23.4% - -
1962 11.3% 25.1% - -
1961 12.3% 8.69% - -
1960 11.3% 8.39% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/bahrain | CC BY

In 2024, Argentina's government spending was $198B, accounting for 31% of its GDP, while Bahrain spent $13.7B, or 29.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.7% in Argentina and 133.4% in Bahrain, ranking 39/185 and 9/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Argentina

Bahrain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Argentina Bahrain
2024 0.46% -10.6%
2023 -5.33% -9.67%
2022 -3.84% -6.02%
2021 -4.33% -10.6%
2020 -8.67% -17.3%
2019 -4.44% -8.57%
2018 -5.44% -11.3%
2017 -6.69% -13.4%
2016 -6.65% -16.6%
2015 -6% -17.5%
2014 -4.25% -3.32%
2013 -3.25% -8.55%
2012 -3.02% -5.77%
2011 -2.75% -4.9%
2010 -1.39% -9.29%
2009 -1.83% -5.36%
2008 0.35% 4.08%
2007 0.76% 1.52%
2006 1.65% 2.24%
2005 3.34% 2.8%
2004 3.97% 0.24%
2003 1.5% -1.7%
2002 -1.91% -3.27%
2001 -5.36% 0.7%
2000 -3.42% 7.33%
1999 -3.71% -4.85%
1998 -1.83% -5.49%
1997 -1.84% -6.39%
1996 -2.81% 0.24%
1995 -2.07% -3.99%
1994 -1.25% -5.18%
1993 -0.02% -2.77%
1992 1.54% -5.41%
1991 0.96% -3.47%
1990 -0.14% -6.79%
1989 -0.25% -
1988 -1.75% -
1987 1.89% -
1986 3.3% -
1985 3.6% -
1984 -1.39% -
1983 -2.89% -
1982 -4.68% -
1981 -3.93% -
1980 -1.14% -
1979 -1.5% -
1978 -1.36% -
1977 -0.54% -
1976 -2.39% -
1975 -2.9% -
1974 -1.08% -
1973 -1.48% -
1972 -0.12% -
1971 0.32% -
1970 1.01% -
1969 0.54% -
1968 0.25% -
1967 0.66% -
1966 -0.98% -
1965 -0.89% -
1964 -1.34% -
1963 -0.65% -
1962 -0.47% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 -1.98% -
1959 -4.82% -
1958 -6.61% -
1957 -2.72% -
1956 -3.77% -
1955 -3.75% -
1954 -3.21% -
1953 -3.1% -
1952 -3.01% -
1951 -3.52% -
1950 -3.38% -
1949 -3.98% -
1948 -2.73% -
1947 -1.6% -
1946 -4.12% -
1945 -5.25% -
1944 -4.61% -
1943 -3.86% -
1942 -2.9% -
1941 -2.85% -
1940 -2.31% -
1939 -3.09% -
1938 -2.09% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -1.44% -
1935 -1.16% -
1934 -1.56% -
1933 -1.27% -
1932 -1.19% -
1931 -2.98% -
1930 -3.94% -
1929 -1.95% -
1928 -1.52% -
1927 -3.3% -
1926 -1% -
1925 -0.46% -
1924 -0.68% -
1923 -0.93% -
1922 -1.86% -
1921 -0.99% -
1920 0.2% -
1919 -0.3% -
1918 -1.14% -
1917 -2.18% -
1916 -2.13% -
1915 -2.64% -
1914 -3.03% -
1913 -0.61% -
1912 -0.78% -
1911 -2.19% -
1910 -2.24% -
1909 -2.57% -
1908 0.28% -
1907 -0.2% -
1906 -0.32% -
1905 -3.52% -
1904 0.15% -
1903 -0.25% -
1902 -2.2% -
1901 -0.54% -
1900 -0.42% -
1899 -0.4% -
1898 -9.31% -
1897 -1.46% -
1896 -4.19% -
1895 -1.59% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 0.06% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -4.48% -
1890 -1.82% -
1889 -2.88% -
1888 -0.69% -
1887 0.35% -
1886 -2.39% -
1885 -2.67% -
1884 -4.07% -
1883 -4.19% -
1882 -5.42% -
1881 -2.31% -
1880 -2.15% -
1879 -1.09% -
1878 -1.08% -
1877 -1.68% -
1876 -4.15% -
1875 -3.08% -
1874 -2.59% -
1873 -1.39% -
1872 -1.18% -
1871 -5.54% -
1870 -2.74% -
1869 -1.61% -
1868 -1.8% -
1867 -1.08% -
1866 -2.09% -
1865 -0.79% -
1864 0.51% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/bahrain | CC BY

In 2024, Argentina's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $2.92B, equivalent to 0.46% of GDP. This compares to Bahrain's deficit of $5B, or 10.6% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Argentina recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Bahrain ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Argentina posted an annual deficit equal to 2.22% of GDP, compared to deficit of 5.39% of GDP for Bahrain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Argentina

Bahrain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Argentina Bahrain
2024 219.9% 0.92%
2023 133.5% 0.07%
2022 72.4% 3.63%
2021 48.4% -0.61%
2020 42% -2.32%
2019 53.5% 1.01%
2018 34.3% 2.09%
2017 25.7% 1.39%
2016 - 2.79%
2015 - 1.85%
2014 - 2.65%
2013 10.6% 3.3%
2012 10% 2.76%
2011 9.8% -0.4%
2010 10.5% 1.96%
2009 6.3% 2.8%
2008 8.6% 3.53%
2007 8.8% 3.26%
2006 10.9% 2.01%
2005 9.6% 2.59%
2004 4.4% 2.35%
2003 13.4% 1.59%
2002 25.9% -0.5%
2001 -1.1% -1.21%
2000 -0.9% -0.7%
1999 -1.2% -1.29%
1998 0.9% -0.37%
1997 - 2.43%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1998–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/bahrain | CC BY

Over the past 27 years, Argentina has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 31.5%, compared with 1.3% in Bahrain. In 2024, inflation was 219.9% in Argentina and 0.92% in Bahrain.

Top exports between countries

Argentina
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $5.56M
Miscellaneous $4.08M
Chemicals & pharma $409K
Machinery & equipment $349K
Raw agricultural goods $121K
Bahrain
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $17M
Metals $6.38M
Chemicals & pharma $359K
Textiles & consumer goods $19K
Machinery & equipment $15K
Miscellaneous $3K

Balance of trade

Argentina Bahrain
Current account balance
$5.7B
2024
$2.28B
2024
Current account balance ranking
32/190
2024
44/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.89%
2024
+4.84%
2024
Goods imports
$57.4B
2024
$20.7B
2024
Goods exports
$79.8B
2024
$24.3B
2024
Service imports
$22.9B
2024
$12.4B
2024
Service exports
$17.2B
2024
$17B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
12.7%
2024
70.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.2%
2024
87.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Argentina Bahrain
Economic freedom 57.4 65.7
Economic freedom ranking 117/197 63/197
Property rights 41.2 60.9
Government integrity 41.2 45.9
Judicial effectiveness 58.2 30
Tax burden 67.8 99.9
Government spending 62.3 75
Fiscal health 72.2 0
Business freedom 56.8 75.9
Labor freedom 53.5 55.5
Monetary freedom 28.9 88.8
Trade freedom 67.4 86.8
Investment freedom 70 90
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Argentina
Bahrain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Argentina Bahrain
2026 57.4 65.7
2025 54.2 65.6
2024 49.9 63.4
2023 51 62.5
2022 50.1 62
2021 52.7 69.9
2020 53.1 66.3
2019 52.2 66.4
2018 52.3 67.7
2017 50.4 68.5
2016 43.8 74.3
2015 44.1 73.4
2014 44.6 75.1
2013 46.7 75.5
2012 48 75.2
2011 51.7 77.7
2010 51.2 76.3
2009 52.3 74.8
2008 54.2 72.2
2007 54 71.2
2006 53.4 71.6
2005 51.7 71.2
2004 53.9 75.1
2003 56.3 76.3
2002 65.7 75.6
2001 68.6 75.9
2000 70 75.7
1999 70.6 75.2
1998 70.9 75.6
1997 73.3 76.1
1996 74.7 76.4
1995 68 76.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/bahrain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Argentina is 57.4, ranking 117/197, compared to 65.7 for Bahrain, ranking 63/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Argentina Bahrain
Services, % of GDP
53.7%
2024
53.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2024
42.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.81%
2024
0.25%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$618B
2024
$44.6B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$29,800
2024
$62,230
2024
Total reserves including gold
$29.6B
2024
$4.95B
2024
Total reserves ranking
56/177
2024
102/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.89B
2024
-$2.43B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$11.6B
2024
$2.7B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.76B
2024
$275M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
6.32%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
38.1%
2024
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
15.8%
2024
28.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.