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Economy of Argentina vs Bahrain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Argentina has a GDP of $633B compared to $47.7B for Bahrain, ranking 24/197 and 95/197 by economy size, respectively.

Argentina has $540B in government debt (73.1% of GDP), compared to $64B (141.4% of GDP) in Bahrain.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Argentina
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Bahrain
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Argentina Bahrain
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $15,865,474,315 $150,797,810,296 - -
1961 $20,132,220,375 $158,982,878,500 - -
1962 $18,337,691,145 $157,628,310,159 - -
1963 $18,272,123,664 $149,261,089,203 - -
1964 $25,605,249,382 $164,381,681,832 - -
1965 $28,344,705,967 $181,755,894,112 - -
1966 $28,630,474,728 $180,556,802,912 - -
1967 $24,256,667,553 $186,320,169,965 - -
1968 $26,436,857,247 $195,305,461,613 - -
1969 $31,256,284,544 $214,210,104,570 - -
1970 $31,584,210,366 $220,734,180,309 $391,577,364 $3,916,965,158
1971 $33,293,199,095 $233,223,609,574 $422,181,562 $3,979,916,383
1972 $34,733,000,536 $237,021,461,356 $534,081,184 $4,420,574,963
1973 $52,544,000,117 $243,685,921,868 $761,132,545 $5,036,098,060
1974 $72,436,777,342 $257,171,024,124 $1,042,176,884 $5,462,767,480
1975 $52,438,647,922 $257,097,956,426 $1,099,107,601 $4,980,141,416
1976 $51,169,499,892 $251,909,073,021 $1,581,709,519 $6,497,904,126
1977 $56,781,000,101 $269,376,820,356 $1,989,060,283 $7,343,778,518
1978 $89,049,453,088 $257,238,364,643 $2,272,042,965 $7,627,414,970
1979 $69,252,328,952 $283,535,234,199 $2,710,160,739 $7,892,030,438
1980 $76,961,923,741 $287,841,521,829 $3,493,834,468 $8,095,666,864
1981 $78,676,842,367 $272,903,153,784 $3,943,109,532 $7,665,244,758
1982 $84,307,486,837 $270,895,516,738 $4,145,421,080 $7,086,042,176
1983 $103,979,106,778 $282,677,015,450 $4,247,030,468 $7,537,874,925
1984 $116,915,052,107 $287,117,132,733 $4,440,874,566 $7,915,043,506
1985 $88,150,891,728 $272,218,554,793 $4,152,376,484 $7,538,424,481
1986 $105,872,372,614 $288,969,188,904 $3,470,746,843 $7,627,603,584
1987 $108,810,885,301 $296,785,426,416 $3,856,922,694 $8,420,798,792
1988 $126,890,235,049 $293,550,663,102 $4,209,834,173 $9,010,254,004
1989 $76,629,728,760 $272,541,389,929 $4,393,093,963 $9,043,051,972
1990 $141,352,654,305 $265,817,211,205 $4,809,511,005 $9,444,382,363
1991 $189,719,984,268 $290,094,591,012 $5,248,911,170 $10,504,986,340
1992 $228,778,917,308 $313,120,244,490 $5,402,232,447 $11,207,769,729
1993 $236,741,715,015 $338,817,957,426 $5,913,001,064 $12,650,210,449
1994 $257,440,000,000 $358,592,053,442 $6,330,627,926 $12,618,584,749
1995 $258,031,750,000 $348,389,357,874 $6,651,180,851 $13,114,494,169
1996 $272,149,750,000 $367,643,757,075 $6,938,166,755 $13,653,500,708
1997 $292,859,000,000 $397,463,514,161 $7,219,407,713 $14,075,803,380
1998 $298,948,250,000 $412,766,570,326 $7,031,309,043 $14,750,034,868
1999 $283,523,000,000 $398,792,535,409 $7,528,469,149 $15,384,286,109
2000 $284,203,750,000 $395,646,066,536 $9,062,898,936 $16,199,663,949
2001 $268,696,750,000 $378,202,665,752 $8,976,196,809 $16,603,189,277
2002 $97,724,004,252 $336,999,433,710 $9,593,510,638 $17,159,155,483
2003 $127,586,973,492 $366,780,211,149 $11,074,813,830 $18,239,571,634
2004 $164,657,930,453 $399,898,899,167 $13,150,159,574 $19,512,869,154
2005 $198,737,095,012 $435,296,589,745 $15,968,723,404 $20,833,694,756
2006 $232,557,260,817 $470,325,565,798 $18,504,760,638 $22,181,009,695
2007 $287,530,508,431 $512,690,850,742 $21,730,000,000 $24,020,694,053
2008 $361,558,037,110 $533,491,913,656 $25,710,904,255 $25,520,789,027
2009 $332,976,484,578 $501,917,060,966 $22,938,218,085 $26,168,987,899
2010 $423,627,422,092 $552,738,161,802 $26,805,984,043 $27,303,230,073
2011 $530,158,122,010 $585,924,294,025 $29,914,680,851 $27,829,679,464
2012 $545,982,375,701 $579,910,247,223 $31,963,404,255 $28,888,050,242
2013 $552,025,140,252 $593,858,966,307 $33,823,324,468 $30,416,985,616
2014 $526,319,673,732 $578,937,574,936 $34,772,526,596 $31,727,610,008
2015 $594,749,285,413 $594,749,285,413 $32,523,297,872 $32,523,297,872
2016 $557,532,320,663 $582,376,550,428 $33,884,680,851 $33,764,059,499
2017 $643,628,393,281 $598,790,850,844 $37,204,813,830 $35,436,675,411
2018 $524,819,892,360 $583,118,120,294 $39,567,978,723 $36,164,044,588
2019 $447,754,683,615 $571,450,737,224 $40,446,808,511 $36,906,448,211
2020 $385,740,508,437 $514,874,343,768 $35,837,632,979 $34,724,774,104
2021 $486,564,085,480 $568,636,554,720 $40,840,212,766 $36,235,315,986
2022 $632,790,070,063 $598,603,016,935 $46,458,191,489 $38,474,716,945
2023 $646,075,277,525 $588,959,512,630 $46,192,260,638 $39,966,811,156
2024 $633,266,692,534 $578,834,679,333 $47,736,702,128 $41,172,709,123

Economic indicators

Argentina Bahrain
Gross domestic product
$633B
2024
$47.7B
2024
GDP rank
24/197
2024
95/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.98%
2023-2024
3.34%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$13,858
2024
$30,048
2024
GDP per capita rank
73/197
2024
41/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$30,176
2024
$67,211
2024
Government debt
$540B
2024
$64B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
73.1%
2025
141.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$11,826
2024
$40,267
2024
Government debt per person rank
47/185
2024
13/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$8,221
2025
$20,364
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$52.9B
2022
$20.4B
2024
Number of billionaires
5
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2024
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
32.7%
2025
29.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
41.3%
2024-2025
0.92%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
29%
2025
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
1.69%
2024
1.2%
2012
Population
45973765
1650128

GDP per capita in Argentina vs Bahrain

Argentina's GDP per capita is $13,858, ranking 73/197, compared to $30,048 in Bahrain, ranking 41/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Argentina ranks 72nd at $30,176, while Bahrain ranks 26th at $67,211.

Argentina
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Bahrain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Argentina Bahrain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $778 - - -
1961 $971 - - -
1962 $870 - - -
1963 $853 - - -
1964 $1,176 - - -
1965 $1,282 - - -
1966 $1,275 - - -
1967 $1,064 - - -
1968 $1,142 - - -
1969 $1,330 - - -
1970 $1,323 - $1,742 -
1971 $1,373 - $1,830 -
1972 $1,409 - $2,206 -
1973 $2,098 - $2,981 -
1974 $2,845 - $3,874 -
1975 $2,027 - $3,880 -
1976 $1,947 - $5,310 -
1977 $2,126 - $6,358 -
1978 $3,282 - $6,926 -
1979 $2,512 - $7,891 -
1980 $2,748 - $9,733 -
1981 $2,764 - $10,557 -
1982 $2,915 - $10,712 -
1983 $3,538 - $10,599 -
1984 $3,915 - $10,697 -
1985 $2,906 - $9,649 -
1986 $3,436 - $7,777 -
1987 $3,477 - $8,333 -
1988 $3,993 - $8,772 -
1989 $2,375 - $8,833 -
1990 $4,315 $7,158 $9,343 $26,902
1991 $5,709 $7,961 $10,434 $31,657
1992 $6,790 $8,668 $10,460 $33,648
1993 $6,932 $9,472 $11,152 $37,870
1994 $7,438 $10,103 $11,629 $37,579
1995 $7,358 $9,891 $11,901 $38,839
1996 $7,663 $10,496 $12,092 $40,106
1997 $8,147 $11,403 $12,255 $40,965
1998 $8,219 $11,836 $11,625 $42,281
1999 $7,706 $11,464 $12,123 $43,561
2000 $7,637 $11,500 $14,214 $45,688
2001 $7,141 $11,118 $13,573 $46,162
2002 $2,570 $9,953 $13,501 $45,091
2003 $3,320 $10,933 $14,486 $45,427
2004 $4,242 $12,118 $15,964 $46,317
2005 $5,068 $13,465 $17,966 $47,268
2006 $5,869 $14,844 $19,267 $48,009
2007 $7,185 $16,455 $20,908 $49,347
2008 $8,944 $17,277 $23,299 $50,330
2009 $8,150 $16,182 $19,465 $48,626
2010 $10,260 $17,848 $21,819 $49,255
2011 $12,704 $19,105 $25,033 $52,677
2012 $12,950 $19,430 $26,439 $56,713
2013 $12,964 $19,929 $26,990 $56,310
2014 $12,233 $19,487 $26,452 $54,299
2015 $13,680 $19,899 $23,734 $48,034
2016 $12,700 $20,106 $23,800 $47,429
2017 $14,533 $23,385 $24,785 $50,185
2018 $11,753 $24,410 $26,324 $51,993
2019 $9,956 $23,517 $27,260 $56,600
2020 $8,536 $22,393 $24,343 $53,436
2021 $10,738 $26,300 $27,148 $54,955
2022 $13,936 $29,598 $30,471 $61,678
2023 $14,187 $30,082 $29,290 $64,171
2024 $13,858 $30,176 $30,048 $67,211

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Argentina's government spending was $199B, accounting for 32.7% of its GDP, while Bahrain's spent $14.4B, or 29.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 73.1% in Argentina and 141.4% in Bahrain, ranking 51/185 and 8/185, respectively.

Argentina
Government spending

Government debt
Bahrain
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Argentina Bahrain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 11.3% 8.39% - -
1961 12.3% 8.69% - -
1962 11.3% 25.1% - -
1963 11.2% 23.4% - -
1964 11.8% 16.8% - -
1965 11.6% 15.9% - -
1966 12.1% 13.4% - -
1967 13% 10.9% - -
1968 12.8% 9.43% - -
1969 12.3% 9.63% - -
1970 12% 13.5% - -
1971 11.7% 15.2% - -
1972 11.2% 17.1% - -
1973 12.6% 12% - -
1974 14% 13% - -
1975 12.5% 33.8% - -
1976 13% 28.7% - -
1977 12.6% 25.1% - -
1978 14.9% 17.5% - -
1979 14.5% 12.4% - -
1980 15.2% 11.4% - -
1981 17% 26.5% - -
1982 15.9% 52.2% - -
1983 14.2% 64.2% - -
1984 13% 54.6% - -
1985 14.7% 55.2% - -
1986 13.7% 55.9% - -
1987 13.7% 74.1% - -
1988 12.3% 61.4% - -
1989 11% 118.2% - -
1990 11% 48.5% 32.4% 7.24%
1991 11.4% 35.7% 28.5% 6.71%
1992 12.1% 25% 29.4% 6.45%
1993 22% 26.9% 26.7% 5.95%
1994 22.9% 28.4% 26.1% 5.62%
1995 22.9% 30.7% 25.1% 13.6%
1996 22.7% 32.6% 22.7% 13.1%
1997 22.6% 31.7% 31% 14.8%
1998 23.1% 34.1% 25.7% 20%
1999 25.5% 38.9% 27.1% 24.7%
2000 25.2% 40.8% 22.2% 24.7%
2001 26.4% 48% 26.5% 25%
2002 21.9% 147.2% 30.6% 27.2%
2003 22% 125.2% 28.1% 31.1%
2004 23% 117.9% 25% 28.2%
2005 24.4% 80.3% 23.9% 23.2%
2006 26.6% 70.8% 23.1% 19.4%
2007 29.6% 62.1% 22.4% 15.7%
2008 30.8% 53.8% 22.7% 12.1%
2009 34.5% 55.4% 24.6% 20.5%
2010 33.4% 43.5% 31.1% 28.8%
2011 34.9% 38.9% 30.2% 31.6%
2012 36.8% 40.4% 31.1% 34.8%
2013 37.6% 43.5% 32% 42.3%
2014 38.9% 44.7% 27.3% 42.6%
2015 41.4% 52.6% 34.8% 63.2%
2016 41.5% 53.1% 33.3% 77.4%
2017 41.1% 57% 30.7% 84%
2018 38.9% 85.2% 32.1% 90.4%
2019 38.1% 89.8% 31.2% 97.1%
2020 42.5% 103.8% 34.6% 125.7%
2021 37.9% 81% 30.6% 122.3%
2022 37.7% 84.5% 27.5% 111.6%
2023 37.8% 155.4% 27.9% 123%
2024 31.4% 85.3% 30.2% 134%
2025 32.7% 73.1% 29.6% 141.4%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Argentina's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $5.45B, equivalent to 0.86% of GDP. This compares to Bahrain's deficit of -$5.11B, or -10.7% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Argentina recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Bahrain ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Argentina posted an annual deficit equal to -2.21% of GDP, compared to deficit of -5.34% of GDP for Bahrain.

Deficit/surplus
Argentina

Bahrain
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Argentina Bahrain
1864 0.51% -
1865 -0.79% -
1866 -2.09% -
1867 -1.08% -
1868 -1.8% -
1869 -1.61% -
1870 -2.74% -
1871 -5.54% -
1872 -1.18% -
1873 -1.39% -
1874 -2.59% -
1875 -3.08% -
1876 -4.15% -
1877 -1.68% -
1878 -1.08% -
1879 -1.09% -
1880 -2.15% -
1881 -2.31% -
1882 -5.42% -
1883 -4.19% -
1884 -4.07% -
1885 -2.67% -
1886 -2.39% -
1887 0.35% -
1888 -0.69% -
1889 -2.88% -
1890 -1.82% -
1891 -4.48% -
1892 -1.33% -
1893 0.06% -
1894 -1.06% -
1895 -1.59% -
1896 -4.19% -
1897 -1.46% -
1898 -9.31% -
1899 -0.4% -
1900 -0.42% -
1901 -0.54% -
1902 -2.2% -
1903 -0.25% -
1904 0.15% -
1905 -3.52% -
1906 -0.32% -
1907 -0.2% -
1908 0.28% -
1909 -2.57% -
1910 -2.24% -
1911 -2.19% -
1912 -0.78% -
1913 -0.61% -
1914 -3.03% -
1915 -2.64% -
1916 -2.13% -
1917 -2.18% -
1918 -1.14% -
1919 -0.3% -
1920 0.2% -
1921 -0.99% -
1922 -1.86% -
1923 -0.93% -
1924 -0.68% -
1925 -0.46% -
1926 -1% -
1927 -3.3% -
1928 -1.52% -
1929 -1.95% -
1930 -3.94% -
1931 -2.98% -
1932 -1.19% -
1933 -1.27% -
1934 -1.56% -
1935 -1.16% -
1936 -1.44% -
1937 -1.62% -
1938 -2.09% -
1939 -3.09% -
1940 -2.31% -
1941 -2.85% -
1942 -2.9% -
1943 -3.86% -
1944 -4.61% -
1945 -5.25% -
1946 -4.12% -
1947 -1.6% -
1948 -2.73% -
1949 -3.98% -
1950 -3.38% -
1951 -3.52% -
1952 -3.01% -
1953 -3.1% -
1954 -3.21% -
1955 -3.75% -
1956 -3.77% -
1957 -2.72% -
1958 -6.61% -
1959 -4.82% -
1960 -1.98% -
1961 1.73% -
1962 -0.47% -
1963 -0.65% -
1964 -1.34% -
1965 -0.89% -
1966 -0.98% -
1967 0.66% -
1968 0.25% -
1969 0.54% -
1970 1.01% -
1971 0.32% -
1972 -0.12% -
1973 -1.48% -
1974 -1.08% -
1975 -2.9% -
1976 -2.39% -
1977 -0.54% -
1978 -1.36% -
1979 -1.5% -
1980 -1.14% -
1981 -3.93% -
1982 -4.68% -
1983 -2.89% -
1984 -1.39% -
1985 3.6% -
1986 3.3% -
1987 1.89% -
1988 -1.75% -
1989 -0.25% -
1990 -0.14% -6.79%
1991 0.96% -3.47%
1992 1.54% -5.41%
1993 -0.02% -2.77%
1994 -1.25% -5.18%
1995 -2.07% -3.99%
1996 -2.81% 0.24%
1997 -1.84% -6.39%
1998 -1.83% -5.49%
1999 -3.71% -4.85%
2000 -3.42% 7.33%
2001 -5.36% 0.7%
2002 -1.91% -3.27%
2003 1.5% -1.7%
2004 3.97% 0.24%
2005 3.34% 2.8%
2006 1.65% 2.24%
2007 0.76% 1.52%
2008 0.35% 4.08%
2009 -1.83% -5.36%
2010 -1.39% -9.29%
2011 -2.75% -4.9%
2012 -3.02% -5.77%
2013 -3.25% -8.55%
2014 -4.25% -3.32%
2015 -6% -17.5%
2016 -6.65% -16.6%
2017 -6.69% -13.4%
2018 -5.44% -11.3%
2019 -4.44% -8.57%
2020 -8.67% -17.3%
2021 -4.33% -10.6%
2022 -3.84% -5.15%
2023 -5.36% -8.46%
2024 0.86% -10.7%
2025 0.43% -10.4%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 27 years, Argentina has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 31.5%, compared with 1.3% in Bahrain. In 2024, inflation was 41.3% in Argentina and 0.92% in Bahrain.

Inflation
Argentina

Bahrain
Year Inflation
Argentina Bahrain Argentina Bahrain
1996 - -0.45%
1997 - 2.43%
1998 0.9% -0.37%
1999 -1.2% -1.29%
2000 -0.9% -0.7%
2001 -1.1% -1.21%
2002 25.9% -0.5%
2003 13.4% 1.59%
2004 4.4% 2.35%
2005 9.6% 2.59%
2006 10.9% 2.01%
2007 8.8% 3.26%
2008 8.6% 3.53%
2009 6.3% 2.8%
2010 10.5% 1.96%
2011 9.8% -0.4%
2012 10% 2.76%
2013 10.6% 3.3%
2014 - 2.65%
2015 - 1.85%
2016 - 2.79%
2017 25.7% 1.39%
2018 34.3% 2.09%
2019 53.5% 1.01%
2020 42% -2.32%
2021 48.4% -0.61%
2022 72.4% 3.63%
2023 133.5% 0.07%
2024 219.9% 0.92%
2025 41.3% -

Top exports between countries

Argentina
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $5.56M
Miscellaneous $4.08M
Chemicals & pharma $409K
Machinery & equipment $349K
Raw agricultural goods $121K
Bahrain
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $17M
Metals $6.38M
Chemicals & pharma $359K
Textiles & consumer goods $19K
Machinery & equipment $15K
Miscellaneous $3K

Balance of trade

Argentina Bahrain
Current account balance
$5.7B
2024
$2.28B
2024
Current account balance ranking
32/189
2024
42/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.9%
2024
+4.78%
2024
Goods imports
$57.4B
2024
$20.7B
2024
Goods exports
$79.8B
2024
$24.3B
2024
Service imports
$22.9B
2024
$12.4B
2024
Service exports
$17.2B
2024
$17B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
12.8%
2024
70.1%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.3%
2024
87.4%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Argentina Bahrain
Economic freedom 54.2 65.6
Economic freedom ranking 136/197 61/197
Property rights 34.7 65.4
Government integrity 39.7 39.8
Judicial effectiveness 56.5 30.2
Tax burden 70.8 99.9
Government spending 57.1 74.3
Fiscal health 67.9 0
Business freedom 55.3 76.5
Labor freedom 55.2 55.3
Monetary freedom 23.3 88.7
Trade freedom 64.4 86.6
Investment freedom 65 90
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Argentina is 54.2, ranking 136/197, compared to 65.6 for Bahrain, ranking 61/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Argentina
Bahrain
Year Economic freedom index
Argentina Bahrain
1995 68 76.2
1996 74.7 76.4
1997 73.3 76.1
1998 70.9 75.6
1999 70.6 75.2
2000 70 75.7
2001 68.6 75.9
2002 65.7 75.6
2003 56.3 76.3
2004 53.9 75.1
2005 51.7 71.2
2006 53.4 71.6
2007 54 71.2
2008 54.2 72.2
2009 52.3 74.8
2010 51.2 76.3
2011 51.7 77.7
2012 48 75.2
2013 46.7 75.5
2014 44.6 75.1
2015 44.1 73.4
2016 43.8 74.3
2017 50.4 68.5
2018 52.3 67.7
2019 52.2 66.4
2020 53.1 66.3
2021 52.7 69.9
2022 50.1 62
2023 51 62.5
2024 49.9 63.4
2025 54.2 65.6

More economic indicators

Argentina Bahrain
Services, % of GDP
53.4%
2024
51.9%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2024
43.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.98%
2024
0.25%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$614B
2024
$45.8B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$29,570
2024
$63,610
2024
Total reserves including gold
$29.6B
2024
$4.95B
2024
Total reserves ranking
56/177
2024
102/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.89B
2024
-$2.43B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$11.6B
2024
$2.7B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.76B
2024
$275M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.24%
2023
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
38.1%
2024
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
15.7%
2024
29.3%
2023

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.