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Economy of Argentina vs Sudan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Argentina has a GDP of $683B compared to $60.2B for Sudan, ranking 25/197 and 91/197 by economy size, respectively.

Argentina has $549B in government debt (80.3% of GDP), compared to $113B (187.6% of GDP) in Sudan.

Argentina vs Sudan GDP by year

Argentina
Sudan
1x
Year GDP, current $
Argentina Sudan
2025 $683,097,891,619 $60,162,634,574
2024 $638,365,455,340 $49,672,435,513
2023 $649,461,687,959 $39,898,289,821
2022 $633,993,756,301 $51,666,875,363
2021 $486,564,085,480 $34,229,513,775
2020 $385,740,508,437 $27,034,593,750
2019 $447,754,683,615 $32,338,079,165
2018 $524,819,892,360 $32,333,780,383
2017 $643,628,393,281 $41,283,617,976
2016 $557,532,320,663 $42,630,376,000
2015 $594,749,285,413 $51,726,758,677
2014 $526,319,673,732 $49,516,748,618
2013 $552,025,140,252 $43,024,018,082
2012 $545,982,375,701 $37,632,919,967
2011 $530,158,122,010 $55,018,567,211
2010 $423,627,422,092 $58,962,978,034
2009 $332,976,484,578 $51,621,044,077
2008 $361,558,037,110 $64,833,083,257
2007 $287,530,508,431 $59,440,139,775
2006 $232,557,260,817 $45,263,831,634
2005 $198,737,095,012 $35,182,711,988
2004 $164,657,930,453 $26,646,007,251
2003 $127,586,973,492 $21,355,298,460
2002 $97,724,004,252 $18,137,128,388
2001 $268,696,750,000 $15,716,361,792
2000 $284,203,750,000 $12,257,299,147
1999 $283,523,000,000 $10,682,028,340
1998 $298,948,250,000 $11,250,221,537
1997 $292,859,000,000 $11,681,175,864
1996 $272,149,750,000 $9,018,300,725
1995 $258,031,750,000 $13,830,363,900
1994 $257,440,000,000 $12,793,794,737
1993 $236,741,715,015 $8,881,005,436
1992 $228,778,917,308 $7,031,933,492
1991 $189,719,984,268 $44,171,194,366
1990 $141,352,654,305 $33,641,222,222
1989 $76,629,728,760 $21,408,111,111
1988 $126,890,235,049 $14,372,555,556
1987 $108,810,885,301 $12,093,333,333
1986 $105,872,372,614 $10,092,200,000
1985 $88,150,891,728 $8,075,259,600
1984 $116,915,052,107 $10,447,615,385
1983 $103,979,106,778 $8,230,153,846
1982 $84,307,486,837 $8,732,542,274
1981 $78,676,842,367 $10,753,888,154
1980 $76,961,923,741 $8,951,800,000
1979 $69,252,328,952 $8,418,407,787
1978 $89,049,453,088 $8,128,719,315
1977 $56,781,000,101 $7,499,005,639
1976 $51,169,499,892 $6,013,210,816
1975 $52,438,647,922 $4,823,090,192
1974 $72,436,777,342 $3,958,931,660
1973 $52,544,000,117 $3,077,254,460
1972 $34,733,000,536 $2,483,055,722
1971 $33,293,199,095 $2,288,340,041
1970 $31,584,210,366 $2,100,229,759
1969 $31,256,284,544 $1,847,501,441
1968 $26,436,857,247 $1,677,771,401
1967 $24,256,667,553 $1,607,409,539
1966 $28,630,474,728 $1,484,491,676
1965 $28,344,705,967 $1,446,869,619
1964 $25,605,249,382 $1,388,282,600
1963 $18,272,123,664 $1,351,234,926
1962 $18,337,691,145 $1,328,259,625
1961 $20,132,220,375 $1,222,860,429
1960 $15,865,474,315 $1,126,364,162

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/sudan | CC BY

GDP per capita in Argentina vs Sudan by year

Argentina
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sudan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Argentina Sudan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $14,898 - $1,165 -
2024 $13,970 $30,431 $985 $2,116
2023 $14,262 $30,221 $797 $2,421
2022 $13,962 $29,809 $1,046 $3,355
2021 $10,738 $26,300 $712 $3,249
2020 $8,536 $22,393 $578 $3,349
2019 $9,956 $23,517 $710 $3,914
2018 $11,753 $24,410 $731 $4,199
2017 $14,533 $23,385 $967 $4,252
2016 $12,700 $20,106 $1,033 $4,470
2015 $13,680 $19,899 $1,292 $4,217
2014 $12,233 $19,487 $1,275 $4,261
2013 $12,964 $19,929 $1,139 $3,725
2012 $12,950 $19,430 $1,019 $3,710
2011 $12,704 $19,105 $1,522 $4,112
2010 $10,260 $17,848 $1,665 $3,806
2009 $8,150 $16,182 $1,493 $3,732
2008 $8,944 $17,277 $1,928 $3,938
2007 $7,185 $16,455 $1,814 $3,836
2006 $5,869 $14,844 $1,415 $3,637
2005 $5,068 $13,465 $1,125 $3,407
2004 $4,242 $12,118 $872 $3,215
2003 $3,320 $10,933 $714 $3,058
2002 $2,570 $9,953 $621 $2,898
2001 $7,141 $11,118 $551 $2,769
2000 $7,637 $11,500 $441 $2,616
1999 $7,706 $11,464 $394 $2,475
1998 $8,219 $11,836 $425 $2,428
1997 $8,147 $11,403 $453 $2,358
1996 $7,663 $10,496 $357 $2,006
1995 $7,358 $9,891 $561 $1,902
1994 $7,438 $10,103 $532 $1,805
1993 $6,932 $9,472 $379 $1,794
1992 $6,790 $8,668 $307 $1,710
1991 $5,709 $7,961 $1,966 $1,599
1990 $4,315 $7,158 $1,528 $1,468
1989 $2,375 - $992 -
1988 $3,993 - $680 -
1987 $3,477 - $584 -
1986 $3,436 - $497 -
1985 $2,906 - $406 -
1984 $3,915 - $534 -
1983 $3,538 - $431 -
1982 $2,915 - $472 -
1981 $2,764 - $605 -
1980 $2,748 - $525 -
1979 $2,512 - $515 -
1978 $3,282 - $518 -
1977 $2,126 - $497 -
1976 $1,947 - $413 -
1975 $2,027 - $343 -
1974 $2,845 - $291.5 -
1973 $2,098 - $235.8 -
1972 $1,409 - $198.2 -
1971 $1,373 - $189 -
1970 $1,323 - $179.6 -
1969 $1,330 - $163.5 -
1968 $1,142 - $153.7 -
1967 $1,064 - $152.4 -
1966 $1,275 - $145.6 -
1965 $1,282 - $146.8 -
1964 $1,176 - $145.7 -
1963 $853 - $146.6 -
1962 $870 - $148.9 -
1961 $971 - $141.6 -
1960 $778 - $134.7 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/sudan | CC BY

Argentina's GDP per capita is $14,898, ranking 70/197, compared to $1,165 in Sudan, ranking 175/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Argentina ranks 73rd at $30,431, while Sudan ranks 185th at $2,116.

Economic indicators

Argentina Sudan
Gross domestic product
$683B
2025
$60.2B
2025
GDP rank
25/197
2025
91/197
2025
GDP growth
4.37%
2024-2025
3.06%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$14,898
2025
$1,165
2025
GDP per capita rank
70/197
2025
175/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$30,431
2024
$2,116
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
73/197
2024
185/197
2024
Government debt
$549B
2025
$113B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.3%
2025
187.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$11,965
2025
$2,184
2025
Government debt per person rank
52/185
2025
117/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$8,751
2026
$1,787
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$52.9B
2022
n/a
Number of billionaires
5
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2024
27.8%
2014
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
3.2%
2014
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31.6%
2025
5.99%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
41.9%
2024-2025
138.8%
2021-2022
Central bank interest rate
29%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
7.38%
2025
7.53%
2022
Population
46083022
54156832

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Argentina
Spending

Debt
Sudan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Argentina Sudan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 31.6% 80.3% 5.99% 187.6%
2024 31% 84.7% 6.39% 262.6%
2023 37.6% 154.6% 8.23% 261.2%
2022 37.6% 84.3% 17.9% 189%
2021 37.9% 81% 9.84% 191.3%
2020 42.5% 103.8% 10.9% 278.8%
2019 38.1% 89.8% 18.7% 216.5%
2018 38.9% 85.2% 16.8% 209.8%
2017 41.1% 57% 12.8% 149.5%
2016 41.5% 53.1% 9.98% 109.9%
2015 41.4% 52.6% 12.4% 93.2%
2014 38.9% 44.7% 13.5% 84.4%
2013 37.6% 43.5% 15.3% 105.8%
2012 36.8% 40.4% 16.5% 117.7%
2011 34.9% 38.9% 18.2% 78.1%
2010 33.4% 43.5% 17.4% 74.6%
2009 34.5% 55.4% 18.8% 71%
2008 30.8% 53.8% 19.7% 55.8%
2007 29.6% 62.1% 19.6% 53.7%
2006 26.6% 70.8% 18.8% 63.7%
2005 24.4% 80.3% 19.7% 75.5%
2004 23% 117.9% 16.5% 97.8%
2003 22% 125.2% 12.5% 117.4%
2002 21.9% 147.2% 10.5% 121.7%
2001 26.4% 48% 9.87% 125.6%
2000 25.2% 40.8% 10.4% 143.2%
1999 25.5% 38.9% 8.4% 160.5%
1998 23.1% 34.1% 7.79% 179.7%
1997 22.6% 31.7% 7.38% 167.7%
1996 22.7% 32.6% 9.31% 220.9%
1995 22.9% 30.7% 12.9% 239%
1994 22.9% 28.4% 19.6% 386%
1993 22% 26.9% 23.7% 285.9%
1992 12.1% 25% 50.4% 495%
1991 11.4% 35.7% 45.7% -
1990 11% 48.5% 31% -
1989 11% 118.2% - -
1988 12.3% 61.4% - -
1987 13.7% 74.1% - -
1986 13.7% 55.9% - -
1985 14.7% 55.2% - -
1984 13% 54.6% - -
1983 14.2% 64.2% - -
1982 15.9% 52.2% - -
1981 17% 26.5% - -
1980 15.2% 11.4% - -
1979 14.5% 12.4% - -
1978 14.9% 17.5% - -
1977 12.6% 25.1% - -
1976 13% 28.7% - -
1975 12.5% 33.8% - -
1974 14% 13% - -
1973 12.6% 12% - -
1972 11.2% 17.1% - -
1971 11.7% 15.2% - -
1970 12% 13.5% - -
1969 12.3% 9.63% - -
1968 12.8% 9.43% - -
1967 13% 10.9% - -
1966 12.1% 13.4% - -
1965 11.6% 15.9% - -
1964 11.8% 16.8% - -
1963 11.2% 23.4% - -
1962 11.3% 25.1% - -
1961 12.3% 8.69% - -
1960 11.3% 8.39% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/sudan | CC BY

In 2025, Argentina's government spending was $216B, accounting for 31.6% of its GDP, while Sudan spent $3.61B, or 5.99% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.3% in Argentina and 187.6% in Sudan, ranking 43/185 and 4/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Argentina

Sudan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Argentina Sudan
2025 -0.38% -3.1%
2024 0.46% -3.46%
2023 -5.33% -3.7%
2022 -3.84% -2.15%
2021 -4.33% -0.29%
2020 -8.67% -6.04%
2019 -4.44% -10.8%
2018 -5.44% -7.92%
2017 -6.69% -6.07%
2016 -6.65% -3.92%
2015 -6% -3.87%
2014 -4.25% -4.72%
2013 -3.25% -5.76%
2012 -3.02% -7.37%
2011 -2.75% -2.33%
2010 -1.39% 0.11%
2009 -1.83% -3.8%
2008 0.35% 0.49%
2007 0.76% -2.84%
2006 1.65% -1.32%
2005 3.34% -1.88%
2004 3.97% 0.16%
2003 1.5% 0.77%
2002 -1.91% -0.69%
2001 -5.36% -0.77%
2000 -3.42% -0.7%
1999 -3.71% -0.8%
1998 -1.83% -0.56%
1997 -1.84% -0.59%
1996 -2.81% -2.61%
1995 -2.07% -3.48%
1994 -1.25% -3.03%
1993 -0.02% -8.04%
1992 1.54% -24.5%
1991 0.96% -26.5%
1990 -0.14% -16.2%
1989 -0.25% -
1988 -1.75% -
1987 1.89% -
1986 3.3% -
1985 3.6% -
1984 -1.39% -
1983 -2.89% -
1982 -4.68% -
1981 -3.93% -
1980 -1.14% -
1979 -1.5% -
1978 -1.36% -
1977 -0.54% -
1976 -2.39% -
1975 -2.9% -
1974 -1.08% -
1973 -1.48% -
1972 -0.12% -
1971 0.32% -
1970 1.01% -
1969 0.54% -
1968 0.25% -
1967 0.66% -
1966 -0.98% -
1965 -0.89% -
1964 -1.34% -
1963 -0.65% -
1962 -0.47% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 -1.98% -
1959 -4.82% -
1958 -6.61% -
1957 -2.72% -
1956 -3.77% -
1955 -3.75% -
1954 -3.21% -
1953 -3.1% -
1952 -3.01% -
1951 -3.52% -
1950 -3.38% -
1949 -3.98% -
1948 -2.73% -
1947 -1.6% -
1946 -4.12% -
1945 -5.25% -
1944 -4.61% -
1943 -3.86% -
1942 -2.9% -
1941 -2.85% -
1940 -2.31% -
1939 -3.09% -
1938 -2.09% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -1.44% -
1935 -1.16% -
1934 -1.56% -
1933 -1.27% -
1932 -1.19% -
1931 -2.98% -
1930 -3.94% -
1929 -1.95% -
1928 -1.52% -
1927 -3.3% -
1926 -1% -
1925 -0.46% -
1924 -0.68% -
1923 -0.93% -
1922 -1.86% -
1921 -0.99% -
1920 0.2% -
1919 -0.3% -
1918 -1.14% -
1917 -2.18% -
1916 -2.13% -
1915 -2.64% -
1914 -3.03% -
1913 -0.61% -
1912 -0.78% -
1911 -2.19% -
1910 -2.24% -
1909 -2.57% -
1908 0.28% -
1907 -0.2% -
1906 -0.32% -
1905 -3.52% -
1904 0.15% -
1903 -0.25% -
1902 -2.2% -
1901 -0.54% -
1900 -0.42% -
1899 -0.4% -
1898 -9.31% -
1897 -1.46% -
1896 -4.19% -
1895 -1.59% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 0.06% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -4.48% -
1890 -1.82% -
1889 -2.88% -
1888 -0.69% -
1887 0.35% -
1886 -2.39% -
1885 -2.67% -
1884 -4.07% -
1883 -4.19% -
1882 -5.42% -
1881 -2.31% -
1880 -2.15% -
1879 -1.09% -
1878 -1.08% -
1877 -1.68% -
1876 -4.15% -
1875 -3.08% -
1874 -2.59% -
1873 -1.39% -
1872 -1.18% -
1871 -5.54% -
1870 -2.74% -
1869 -1.61% -
1868 -1.8% -
1867 -1.08% -
1866 -2.09% -
1865 -0.79% -
1864 0.51% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/sudan | CC BY

In 2025, Argentina's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $2.6B, equivalent to 0.38% of GDP. This compares to Sudan's deficit of $1.87B, or 3.1% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Argentina recorded a fiscal deficit in 27 of those years, while Sudan ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Argentina posted an annual deficit equal to 2.17% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.67% of GDP for Sudan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Argentina

Sudan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Argentina Sudan
2025 41.9% -
2024 219.9% -
2023 133.5% -
2022 72.4% 138.8%
2021 48.4% 359%
2020 42% 163.3%
2019 53.5% 51%
2018 34.3% 63.3%
2017 25.7% 32.4%
2016 - 17.8%
2015 - 16.9%
2014 - 36.9%
2013 10.6% 36.5%
2012 10% 35.6%
2011 9.8% 18.1%
2010 10.5% 13%
2009 6.3% 11.3%
2008 8.6% 14.3%
2007 8.8% 14.8%
2006 10.9% 7.2%
2005 9.6% 8.51%
2004 4.4% 9.66%
2003 13.4% 6.49%
2002 25.9% 22.2%
2001 -1.1% 1.94%
2000 -0.9% 7.12%
1999 -1.2% 17.2%
1998 0.9% 24.6%
1997 - 47.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2022, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1998–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/sudan | CC BY

Over the past 25 years, Argentina has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 18.3%, compared with 45.1% in Sudan. In 2022, inflation was 41.9% in Argentina and 138.8% in Sudan.

Top exports between countries

Argentina
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $457K
Sudan
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $3.88M

Balance of trade

Argentina Sudan
Current account balance
-$7.58B
2025
-$4.44B
2022
Current account balance ranking
169/190
2025
162/190
2022
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.11%
2025
-8.6%
2022
Goods imports
$71.8B
2025
$9.99B
2022
Goods exports
$87.2B
2025
$4.36B
2022
Service imports
$29.3B
2025
$1.59B
2022
Service exports
$18B
2025
$1.55B
2022
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
14.8%
2025
1.28%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.6%
2025
1.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Argentina Sudan
Economic freedom 57.4 32.5
Economic freedom ranking 117/197 191/197
Property rights 41.2 6.5
Government integrity 41.2 13.8
Judicial effectiveness 58.2 2.4
Tax burden 67.8 84.7
Government spending 62.3 96.5
Fiscal health 72.2 64.6
Business freedom 56.8 27.3
Labor freedom 53.5 33.6
Monetary freedom 28.9 6.2
Trade freedom 67.4 29.6
Investment freedom 70 5
Financial freedom 70 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Argentina
Sudan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Argentina Sudan
2026 57.4 32.5
2025 54.2 35.3
2024 49.9 33.9
2023 51 32.8
2022 50.1 32
2021 52.7 39.1
2020 53.1 45
2019 52.2 47.7
2018 52.3 49.4
2017 50.4 48.8
2016 43.8 -
2015 44.1 -
2014 44.6 -
2013 46.7 -
2012 48 -
2011 51.7 -
2010 51.2 -
2009 52.3 -
2008 54.2 -
2007 54 -
2006 53.4 -
2005 51.7 -
2004 53.9 -
2003 56.3 -
2002 65.7 -
2001 68.6 -
2000 70 47.2
1999 70.6 39.6
1998 70.9 38.3
1997 73.3 39.9
1996 74.7 39.2
1995 68 39.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/sudan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Argentina is 57.4, ranking 117/197, compared to 32.5 for Sudan, ranking 191/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Argentina Sudan
Services, % of GDP
56.2%
2025
37%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
22.9%
2025
33.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.53%
2025
29.4%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$672B
2025
$46.3B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$31,920
2025
$2,140
2025
Total reserves including gold
$41B
2025
$178M
2017
Total reserves ranking
54/177
2025
171/177
2017
Net foreign direct investment
-$300M
2025
-$574M
2022
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$11.6B
2024
$548M
2023
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.76B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
6.32%
2024
0.42%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
38.1%
2024
46.5%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
16.1%
2025
0.73%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/sudan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2018–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.