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Economy of Algeria vs Argentina compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Algeria has a GDP of $269B compared to $638B for Argentina, ranking 51/197 and 24/197 by economy size, respectively.

Algeria has $129B in government debt (48.1% of GDP), compared to $540B (84.7% of GDP) in Argentina.

Algeria vs Argentina GDP by year

Algeria
Argentina
1x
Year GDP, current $
Algeria Argentina
2024 $269,322,281,665 $638,365,455,340
2023 $247,923,887,215 $649,461,687,959
2022 $225,581,644,703 $633,993,756,301
2021 $186,231,205,262 $486,564,085,480
2020 $164,873,415,325 $385,740,508,437
2019 $193,459,662,091 $447,754,683,615
2018 $194,554,483,656 $524,819,892,360
2017 $189,880,896,903 $643,628,393,281
2016 $180,763,839,522 $557,532,320,663
2015 $187,493,855,609 $594,749,285,413
2014 $238,942,664,193 $526,319,673,732
2013 $229,701,430,292 $552,025,140,252
2012 $227,143,746,076 $545,982,375,701
2011 $218,331,946,925 $530,158,122,010
2010 $177,785,053,940 $423,627,422,092
2009 $150,317,292,079 $332,976,484,578
2008 $180,383,848,331 $361,558,037,110
2007 $142,482,739,810 $287,530,508,431
2006 $123,084,258,693 $232,557,260,817
2005 $107,046,618,670 $198,737,095,012
2004 $91,913,680,985 $164,657,930,453
2003 $73,482,264,191 $127,586,973,492
2002 $61,516,103,406 $97,724,004,252
2001 $59,413,400,924 $268,696,750,000
2000 $54,790,398,570 $284,203,750,000
1999 $48,640,671,735 $283,523,000,000
1998 $48,187,781,984 $298,948,250,000
1997 $48,177,612,042 $292,859,000,000
1996 $46,941,554,225 $272,149,750,000
1995 $41,764,291,672 $258,031,750,000
1994 $42,543,176,829 $257,440,000,000
1993 $49,945,584,453 $236,741,715,015
1992 $48,003,133,347 $228,778,917,308
1991 $45,715,676,428 $189,719,984,268
1990 $62,048,507,531 $141,352,654,305
1989 $55,634,721,573 $76,629,728,760
1988 $59,089,396,860 $126,890,235,049
1987 $66,745,818,375 $108,810,885,301
1986 $63,692,007,897 $105,872,372,614
1985 $57,937,868,670 $88,150,891,728
1984 $53,698,548,293 $116,915,052,107
1983 $48,801,369,800 $103,979,106,778
1982 $45,207,167,470 $84,307,486,837
1981 $44,348,590,461 $78,676,842,367
1980 $42,345,829,079 $76,961,923,741
1979 $33,243,706,860 $69,252,328,952
1978 $26,364,491,313 $89,049,453,088
1977 $20,972,113,685 $56,781,000,101
1976 $17,728,240,932 $51,169,499,892
1975 $15,557,902,754 $52,438,647,922
1974 $13,209,871,626 $72,436,777,342
1973 $8,707,858,912 $52,544,000,117
1972 $6,766,743,957 $34,733,000,536
1971 $5,077,183,094 $33,293,199,095
1970 $4,863,526,897 $31,584,210,366
1969 $4,257,253,264 $31,256,284,544
1968 $3,852,147,027 $26,436,857,247
1967 $3,370,870,376 $24,256,667,553
1966 $3,039,859,187 $28,630,474,728
1965 $3,136,284,307 $28,344,705,967
1964 $2,909,316,435 $25,605,249,382
1963 $2,702,982,018 $18,272,123,664
1962 $2,001,444,544 $18,337,691,145
1961 $2,434,747,056 $20,132,220,375
1960 $2,723,615,451 $15,865,474,315

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/argentina | CC BY

GDP per capita in Algeria vs Argentina by year

Algeria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Argentina
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Algeria Argentina
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $5,753 $17,621 $13,970 $30,431
2023 $5,370 $16,824 $14,262 $30,221
2022 $4,960 $15,836 $13,962 $29,809
2021 $4,161 $14,497 $10,738 $26,300
2020 $3,744 $12,677 $8,536 $22,393
2019 $4,468 $13,893 $9,956 $23,517
2018 $4,577 $13,727 $11,753 $24,410
2017 $4,555 $13,494 $14,533 $23,385
2016 $4,425 $13,438 $12,700 $20,106
2015 $4,685 $13,807 $13,680 $19,899
2014 $6,095 $14,694 $12,233 $19,487
2013 $5,980 $14,371 $12,964 $19,929
2012 $6,034 $14,441 $12,950 $19,430
2011 $5,916 $14,640 $12,704 $19,105
2010 $4,913 $14,201 $10,260 $17,848
2009 $4,235 $13,651 $8,150 $16,182
2008 $5,181 $13,666 $8,944 $17,277
2007 $4,167 $13,321 $7,185 $16,455
2006 $3,661 $12,791 $5,869 $14,844
2005 $3,233 $12,246 $5,068 $13,465
2004 $2,817 $11,432 $4,242 $12,118
2003 $2,284 $10,803 $3,320 $10,933
2002 $1,937 $10,080 $2,570 $9,953
2001 $1,896 $9,544 $7,141 $11,118
2000 $1,773 $9,187 $7,637 $11,500
1999 $1,596 $8,776 $7,706 $11,464
1998 $1,603 $8,503 $8,219 $11,836
1997 $1,629 $8,129 $8,147 $11,403
1996 $1,617 $8,053 $7,663 $10,496
1995 $1,467 $7,747 $7,358 $9,891
1994 $1,526 $7,463 $7,438 $10,103
1993 $1,831 $7,538 $6,932 $9,472
1992 $1,803 $7,705 $6,790 $8,668
1991 $1,759 $7,582 $5,709 $7,961
1990 $2,445 $7,602 $4,315 $7,158
1989 $2,247 - $2,375 -
1988 $2,451 - $3,993 -
1987 $2,847 - $3,477 -
1986 $2,800 - $3,436 -
1985 $2,633 - $2,906 -
1984 $2,524 - $3,915 -
1983 $2,374 - $3,538 -
1982 $2,275 - $2,915 -
1981 $2,307 - $2,764 -
1980 $2,276 - $2,748 -
1979 $1,843 - $2,512 -
1978 $1,506 - $3,282 -
1977 $1,232 - $2,126 -
1976 $1,080 - $1,947 -
1975 $992 - $2,027 -
1974 $873 - $2,845 -
1973 $590 - $2,098 -
1972 $469 - $1,409 -
1971 $360 - $1,373 -
1970 $353 - $1,323 -
1969 $316 - $1,330 -
1968 $292.4 - $1,142 -
1967 $261.8 - $1,064 -
1966 $241.4 - $1,275 -
1965 $253.6 - $1,282 -
1964 $238.9 - $1,176 -
1963 $225.6 - $853 -
1962 $169.6 - $870 -
1961 $209.4 - $971 -
1960 $238.4 - $778 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/argentina | CC BY

Algeria's GDP per capita is $5,753, ranking 114/197, compared to $13,970 in Argentina, ranking 72/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Algeria ranks 105th at $17,621, while Argentina ranks 73rd at $30,431.

Economic indicators

Algeria Argentina
Gross domestic product
$269B
2024
$638B
2024
GDP rank
51/197
2024
24/197
2024
GDP growth
3.7%
2023-2024
-1.34%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$5,753
2024
$13,970
2024
GDP per capita rank
114/197
2024
72/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$17,621
2024
$30,431
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
105/197
2024
73/197
2024
Government debt
$129B
2024
$540B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
48.1%
2024
84.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,765
2024
$11,826
2024
Government debt per person rank
106/185
2024
46/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,787
2026
$8,743
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$371M
2018
$52.9B
2022
Number of billionaires
1
2025
5
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.9%
2011
31.2%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
4%
2011
1.9%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
36.8%
2024
31%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.05%
2023-2024
219.9%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3%
2020
29%
2025
Unemployment rate
12%
2017
1.69%
2024
Population
48222325
46048053

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Algeria
Spending

Debt
Argentina
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Algeria Argentina
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 36.8% 48.1% 31% 84.7%
2023 37.4% 47.7% 37.6% 154.6%
2022 32.7% 48.1% 37.6% 84.3%
2021 32.5% 55.1% 37.9% 81%
2020 37.5% 46% 42.5% 103.8%
2019 37.1% 40.9% 38.1% 89.8%
2018 36.2% 34.5% 38.9% 85.2%
2017 36.2% 24% 41.1% 57%
2016 37.2% 18.1% 41.5% 53.1%
2015 40.9% 7.73% 41.4% 52.6%
2014 36.9% 6.85% 38.9% 44.7%
2013 33.5% 6.48% 37.6% 43.5%
2012 40% 8.58% 36.8% 40.4%
2011 37.7% 8.48% 34.9% 38.9%
2010 35.1% 9.51% 33.4% 43.5%
2009 40.1% 8.92% 34.5% 55.4%
2008 37.3% 7.64% 30.8% 53.8%
2007 33.1% 12.8% 29.6% 62.1%
2006 27.8% 22.5% 26.6% 70.8%
2005 27.8% 25.4% 24.4% 80.3%
2004 27.1% 32.7% 23% 117.9%
2003 27% 38.2% 22% 125.2%
2002 32.5% 47.3% 21.9% 147.2%
2001 29.1% 50% 26.4% 48%
2000 26.4% 53.4% 25.2% 40.8%
1999 29.4% 69.7% 25.5% 38.9%
1998 28.7% 79.9% 23.1% 34.1%
1997 28.5% 79.6% 22.6% 31.7%
1996 26.9% 90.7% 22.7% 32.6%
1995 28.9% 95.9% 22.9% 30.7%
1994 30.9% 106.3% 22.9% 28.4%
1993 32.6% 76.8% 22% 26.9%
1992 28.2% 69.3% 12.1% 25%
1991 27.6% 86.1% 11.4% 35.7%
1990 23.3% 63.6% 11% 48.5%
1989 - - 11% 118.2%
1988 - - 12.3% 61.4%
1987 - - 13.7% 74.1%
1986 - - 13.7% 55.9%
1985 - - 14.7% 55.2%
1984 - - 13% 54.6%
1983 - - 14.2% 64.2%
1982 - - 15.9% 52.2%
1981 - - 17% 26.5%
1980 - - 15.2% 11.4%
1979 - - 14.5% 12.4%
1978 - - 14.9% 17.5%
1977 - - 12.6% 25.1%
1976 - - 13% 28.7%
1975 - - 12.5% 33.8%
1974 - - 14% 13%
1973 - - 12.6% 12%
1972 - - 11.2% 17.1%
1971 - - 11.7% 15.2%
1970 - - 12% 13.5%
1969 - - 12.3% 9.63%
1968 - - 12.8% 9.43%
1967 - - 13% 10.9%
1966 - - 12.1% 13.4%
1965 - - 11.6% 15.9%
1964 - - 11.8% 16.8%
1963 - - 11.2% 23.4%
1962 - - 11.3% 25.1%
1961 - - 12.3% 8.69%
1960 - - 11.3% 8.39%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/argentina | CC BY

In 2024, Algeria's government spending was $99.1B, accounting for 36.8% of its GDP, while Argentina spent $198B, or 31% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 48.1% in Algeria and 84.7% in Argentina, ranking 113/185 and 39/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Algeria

Argentina
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Algeria Argentina
2024 -13.8% 0.46%
2023 -5.52% -5.33%
2022 -2.96% -3.84%
2021 -6.32% -4.33%
2020 -10.5% -8.67%
2019 -8.51% -4.44%
2018 -6.15% -5.44%
2017 -7.55% -6.69%
2016 -11.8% -6.65%
2015 -13.9% -6%
2014 -7.14% -4.25%
2013 -0.79% -3.25%
2012 -4.04% -3.02%
2011 -1.06% -2.75%
2010 -1.35% -1.39%
2009 -6.53% -1.83%
2008 7.79% 0.35%
2007 4.63% 0.76%
2006 12.9% 1.65%
2005 11.4% 3.34%
2004 6.36% 3.97%
2003 7.22% 1.5%
2002 0.21% -1.91%
2001 3.15% -5.36%
2000 8.91% -3.42%
1999 -1.83% -3.71%
1998 -3.52% -1.83%
1997 2.19% -1.84%
1996 2.7% -2.81%
1995 -1.3% -2.07%
1994 -4.05% -1.25%
1993 -7.79% -0.02%
1992 -1.05% 1.54%
1991 1.53% 0.96%
1990 3.35% -0.14%
1989 - -0.25%
1988 - -1.75%
1987 - 1.89%
1986 - 3.3%
1985 - 3.6%
1984 - -1.39%
1983 - -2.89%
1982 - -4.68%
1981 - -3.93%
1980 - -1.14%
1979 - -1.5%
1978 - -1.36%
1977 - -0.54%
1976 - -2.39%
1975 - -2.9%
1974 - -1.08%
1973 - -1.48%
1972 - -0.12%
1971 - 0.32%
1970 - 1.01%
1969 - 0.54%
1968 - 0.25%
1967 - 0.66%
1966 - -0.98%
1965 - -0.89%
1964 - -1.34%
1963 - -0.65%
1962 - -0.47%
1961 - 1.73%
1960 - -1.98%
1959 - -4.82%
1958 - -6.61%
1957 - -2.72%
1956 - -3.77%
1955 - -3.75%
1954 - -3.21%
1953 - -3.1%
1952 - -3.01%
1951 - -3.52%
1950 - -3.38%
1949 - -3.98%
1948 - -2.73%
1947 - -1.6%
1946 - -4.12%
1945 - -5.25%
1944 - -4.61%
1943 - -3.86%
1942 - -2.9%
1941 - -2.85%
1940 - -2.31%
1939 - -3.09%
1938 - -2.09%
1937 - -1.62%
1936 - -1.44%
1935 - -1.16%
1934 - -1.56%
1933 - -1.27%
1932 - -1.19%
1931 - -2.98%
1930 - -3.94%
1929 - -1.95%
1928 - -1.52%
1927 - -3.3%
1926 - -1%
1925 - -0.46%
1924 - -0.68%
1923 - -0.93%
1922 - -1.86%
1921 - -0.99%
1920 - 0.2%
1919 - -0.3%
1918 - -1.14%
1917 - -2.18%
1916 - -2.13%
1915 - -2.64%
1914 - -3.03%
1913 - -0.61%
1912 - -0.78%
1911 - -2.19%
1910 - -2.24%
1909 - -2.57%
1908 - 0.28%
1907 - -0.2%
1906 - -0.32%
1905 - -3.52%
1904 - 0.15%
1903 - -0.25%
1902 - -2.2%
1901 - -0.54%
1900 - -0.42%
1899 - -0.4%
1898 - -9.31%
1897 - -1.46%
1896 - -4.19%
1895 - -1.59%
1894 - -1.06%
1893 - 0.06%
1892 - -1.33%
1891 - -4.48%
1890 - -1.82%
1889 - -2.88%
1888 - -0.69%
1887 - 0.35%
1886 - -2.39%
1885 - -2.67%
1884 - -4.07%
1883 - -4.19%
1882 - -5.42%
1881 - -2.31%
1880 - -2.15%
1879 - -1.09%
1878 - -1.08%
1877 - -1.68%
1876 - -4.15%
1875 - -3.08%
1874 - -2.59%
1873 - -1.39%
1872 - -1.18%
1871 - -5.54%
1870 - -2.74%
1869 - -1.61%
1868 - -1.8%
1867 - -1.08%
1866 - -2.09%
1865 - -0.79%
1864 - 0.51%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/argentina | CC BY

In 2024, Algeria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $37.1B, equivalent to 13.8% of GDP. This compares to Argentina's surplus of $2.92B, or 0.46% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Algeria recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while Argentina ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Algeria posted an annual deficit equal to 1.58% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.22% of GDP for Argentina.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Algeria

Argentina
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Algeria Argentina
2024 4.05% 219.9%
2023 9.32% 133.5%
2022 9.27% 72.4%
2021 7.23% 48.4%
2020 2.42% 42%
2019 1.95% 53.5%
2018 4.27% 34.3%
2017 5.59% 25.7%
2016 6.4% -
2015 4.78% -
2014 2.92% -
2013 3.25% 10.6%
2012 8.89% 10%
2011 4.52% 9.8%
2010 3.91% 10.5%
2009 5.74% 6.3%
2008 4.86% 8.6%
2007 3.68% 8.8%
2006 2.31% 10.9%
2005 1.38% 9.6%
2004 3.96% 4.4%
2003 4.27% 13.4%
2002 1.42% 25.9%
2001 4.23% -1.1%
2000 0.34% -0.9%
1999 2.65% -1.2%
1998 4.95% 0.9%
1997 5.73% -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1998–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/argentina | CC BY

Over the past 27 years, Algeria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.39%, compared with 31.5% in Argentina. In 2024, inflation was 4.05% in Algeria and 219.9% in Argentina.

Top exports between countries

Algeria
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $16.9M
Argentina
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $598M
Animal & marine products $142M
Miscellaneous $141M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $130M
Chemicals & pharma $2.08M
Machinery & equipment $643K
Metals $183K

Balance of trade

Algeria Argentina
Current account balance
-$2.75B
2024
$5.7B
2024
Current account balance ranking
154/190
2024
32/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.02%
2024
+0.89%
2024
Goods imports
$45.3B
2024
$57.4B
2024
Goods exports
$48.8B
2024
$79.8B
2024
Service imports
$9.13B
2024
$22.9B
2024
Service exports
$4.22B
2024
$17.2B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
20.3%
2024
12.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
19.9%
2024
15.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Algeria Argentina
Economic freedom 45.8 57.4
Economic freedom ranking 179/197 117/197
Property rights 27.7 41.2
Government integrity 29.4 41.2
Judicial effectiveness 30 58.2
Tax burden 80.3 67.8
Government spending 61.9 62.3
Fiscal health 15.4 72.2
Business freedom 59.3 56.8
Labor freedom 52.2 53.5
Monetary freedom 74.7 28.9
Trade freedom 58.8 67.4
Investment freedom 30 70
Financial freedom 30 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Algeria
Argentina
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Algeria Argentina
2026 45.8 57.4
2025 47.5 54.2
2024 43.9 49.9
2023 43.2 51
2022 45.8 50.1
2021 49.7 52.7
2020 46.9 53.1
2019 46.2 52.2
2018 44.7 52.3
2017 46.5 50.4
2016 50.1 43.8
2015 48.9 44.1
2014 50.8 44.6
2013 49.6 46.7
2012 51 48
2011 52.4 51.7
2010 56.9 51.2
2009 56.6 52.3
2008 56.2 54.2
2007 55.4 54
2006 55.7 53.4
2005 53.2 51.7
2004 58.1 53.9
2003 57.7 56.3
2002 61 65.7
2001 57.3 68.6
2000 56.8 70
1999 57.2 70.6
1998 55.8 70.9
1997 54.9 73.3
1996 54.5 74.7
1995 55.7 68

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/argentina | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Algeria is 45.8, ranking 179/197, compared to 57.4 for Argentina, ranking 117/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Algeria Argentina
Services, % of GDP
46.8%
2024
53.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
36.2%
2024
24%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
14%
2024
5.81%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$252B
2024
$618B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$17,290
2024
$29,800
2024
Total reserves including gold
$83B
2024
$29.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
31/177
2024
56/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.23B
2024
-$8.89B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.23B
2024
$11.6B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$265K
2024
$2.76B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
0.17%
2024
6.32%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
5.5%
2011
38.1%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
41.1%
2024
15.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.