Fertility & birth rates in Marshall Islands and Tonga

Fertility rate in Marshall Islands vs Tonga chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in the Marshall Islands was 2.92 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.13 in Tonga in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check the Marshall Islands vs Tonga population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Marshall Islands	Tonga
1960	8.08	6.65
1961	8.12	6.61
1962	8.12	6.57
1963	8.12	6.52
1964	8.14	6.46
1965	8.16	6.41
1966	8.2	6.35
1967	8.17	6.29
1968	8.14	6.23
1969	8.11	6.17
1970	8.07	6.07
1971	8.04	5.96
1972	8	5.86
1973	7.95	5.8
1974	7.9	5.77
1975	7.83	5.75
1976	7.76	5.73
1977	7.67	5.7
1978	7.58	5.68
1979	7.47	5.65
1980	7.37	5.6
1981	7.27	5.55
1982	7.18	5.5
1983	7.08	5.45
1984	6.99	5.41
1985	6.87	5.34
1986	6.73	5.27
1987	6.57	5.19
1988	6.38	5.1
1989	6.18	5.01
1990	5.97	4.93
1991	5.76	4.85
1992	5.55	4.79
1993	5.38	4.73
1994	5.23	4.66
1995	5.09	4.56
1996	5.02	4.46
1997	4.96	4.38
1998	4.87	4.31
1999	4.78	4.23
2000	4.7	4.16
2001	4.58	4.13
2002	4.49	4.14
2003	4.42	4.18
2004	4.34	4.19
2005	4.28	4.2
2006	4.2	4.14
2007	4.09	4.09
2008	3.97	4.01
2009	3.83	3.95
2010	3.67	3.88
2011	3.53	3.83
2012	3.38	3.77
2013	3.25	3.7
2014	3.18	3.62
2015	3.13	3.54
2016	3.09	3.46
2017	3.06	3.39
2018	3.04	3.33
2019	3.01	3.27
2020	2.99	3.23
2021	2.96	3.2
2022	2.94	3.17
2023	2.92	3.13
2024	2.86	3.1
2025	2.82	3.07
2026	2.77	3.04
2027	2.73	3
2028	2.69	2.97
2029	2.65	2.95
2030	2.6	2.91
2031	2.57	2.89
2032	2.53	2.85
2033	2.5	2.82
2034	2.47	2.8
2035	2.44	2.77
2036	2.41	2.75
2037	2.38	2.72
2038	2.36	2.7
2039	2.34	2.68
2040	2.31	2.65
2041	2.29	2.63
2042	2.26	2.61
2043	2.24	2.59
2044	2.23	2.56
2045	2.21	2.54
2046	2.19	2.52
2047	2.17	2.5
2048	2.15	2.49
2049	2.13	2.47
2050	2.11	2.45

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Marshall Islands	Tonga
1960	46.1%	45.7%
1961	46.7%	45.7%
1962	47.1%	45.8%
1963	47.4%	45.9%
1964	47.5%	45.9%
1965	47.5%	45.9%
1966	47.2%	45.9%
1967	46.7%	46%
1968	46.1%	46.2%
1969	45.3%	46.3%
1970	45%	46.4%
1971	45.6%	46.4%
1972	46.6%	46.3%
1973	47.3%	46.2%
1974	47.8%	46.2%
1975	48.2%	46.2%
1976	48.5%	46.1%
1977	49%	45.8%
1978	49.4%	45.3%
1979	49.8%	44.8%
1980	50.1%	44.3%
1981	50.3%	43.9%
1982	50.3%	43.4%
1983	50.4%	42.9%
1984	50.4%	42.4%
1985	50.6%	42%
1986	50.7%	41.7%
1987	50.8%	41.5%
1988	50.8%	41.2%
1989	50.6%	40.9%
1990	50.2%	40.8%
1991	49.7%	40.6%
1992	49.1%	40.5%
1993	48.4%	40.3%
1994	47.5%	40.1%
1995	46.6%	39.9%
1996	45.6%	39.7%
1997	44.7%	39.3%
1998	43.7%	38.9%
1999	42.8%	38.6%
2000	42%	38.3%
2001	41.3%	38.2%
2002	40.6%	38.1%
2003	39.9%	38.1%
2004	39.4%	38.2%
2005	39.1%	38.3%
2006	38.9%	38.3%
2007	39%	38.3%
2008	39.2%	38%
2009	39.4%	37.8%
2010	39.7%	37.6%
2011	39.7%	37.4%
2012	39.4%	37.2%
2013	38.8%	37.1%
2014	38.2%	36.9%
2015	37.5%	36.7%
2016	36.8%	36.5%
2017	36.2%	36.4%
2018	35.7%	36.2%
2019	35.1%	36%
2020	34.5%	35.8%
2021	34.4%	35.7%
2022	34.6%	35.6%
2023	34.7%	35.6%
2024	34.5%	35.4%
2025	33.9%	34.9%
2026	33.2%	34.4%
2027	32.6%	33.8%
2028	32%	33.3%
2029	31.4%	32.6%
2030	30.9%	32%
2031	30.3%	31.6%
2032	29.7%	31.2%
2033	29.2%	31%
2034	28.6%	30.8%
2035	28.1%	30.7%
2036	27.6%	30.5%
2037	27.3%	30.4%
2038	27.3%	30.3%
2039	27.4%	30.2%
2040	27.7%	30.1%
2041	28%	30.1%
2042	28.3%	30%
2043	28.6%	30%
2044	28.8%	29.9%
2045	29%	29.8%
2046	29.1%	29.6%
2047	29.1%	29.5%
2048	29%	29.2%
2049	28.8%	29%
2050	28.5%	28.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 34.5% of the population in the Marshall Islands and 35.4% in Tonga in 2024, compared to 50.2% and 40.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of the Marshall Islands and Tonga compared.

Natural population change in Marshall Islands vs Tonga by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.69% in the Marshall Islands and +1.79% in Tonga. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Marshall Islands	Tonga
1960	452	2,230
1961	469	2,284
1962	488	2,343
1963	509	2,394
1964	536	2,445
1965	566	2,498
1966	603	2,550
1967	636	2,603
1968	685	2,614
1969	747	2,632
1970	819	2,628
1971	877	2,611
1972	913	2,605
1973	954	2,617
1974	1,000	2,650
1975	1,055	2,709
1976	1,109	2,769
1977	1,160	2,822
1978	1,207	2,862
1979	1,250	2,884
1980	1,287	2,885
1981	1,328	2,882
1982	1,375	2,853
1983	1,422	2,840
1984	1,470	2,814
1985	1,511	2,762
1986	1,544	2,704
1987	1,566	2,646
1988	1,575	2,649
1989	1,574	2,644
1990	1,556	2,641
1991	1,540	2,637
1992	1,525	2,622
1993	1,524	2,594
1994	1,524	2,547
1995	1,522	2,476
1996	1,542	2,393
1997	1,564	2,332
1998	1,576	2,344
1999	1,590	2,352
2000	1,592	2,346
2001	1,596	2,358
2002	1,594	2,396
2003	1,600	2,448
2004	1,595	2,478
2005	1,586	2,495
2006	1,556	2,459
2007	1,507	2,423
2008	1,443	2,397
2009	1,365	2,358
2010	1,273	2,332
2011	1,185	2,298
2012	1,097	2,255
2013	1,014	2,199
2014	959	2,135
2015	912	2,064
2016	866	1,989
2017	826	1,912
2018	785	1,873
2019	746	1,841
2020	689	1,816
2021	653	1,773
2022	606	1,772
2023	550	1,744

Maternal mortality chart: Marshall Islands vs Tonga

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 155 deaths per 100,000 live births in the Marshall Islands, compared to 67 deaths in Tonga.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Marshall Islands	Tonga
1985	254	148
1986	274	149
1987	282	147
1988	276	145
1989	299	139
1990	311	138
1991	297	134
1992	322	129
1993	320	127
1994	303	123
1995	303	117
1996	292	113
1997	274	111
1998	259	104
1999	250	99
2000	251	100
2001	231	98
2002	223	98
2003	221	95
2004	238	92
2005	234	92
2006	233	89
2007	229	88
2008	226	88
2009	224	91
2010	212	85
2011	209	84
2012	207	83
2013	201	80
2014	199	80
2015	184	79
2016	183	78
2017	179	77
2018	167	74
2019	168	73
2020	178	74
2021	206	76
2022	174	72
2023	155	67

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.82% in the Marshall Islands and 0.99% in Tonga. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Marshall Islands	Tonga
1960	12.2%	-
1961	11.6%	-
1962	11%	-
1963	10.5%	7.83%
1964	10.1%	7.35%
1965	9.64%	6.89%
1966	9.25%	6.45%
1967	8.88%	6.03%
1968	8.53%	5.63%
1969	8.19%	5.25%
1970	7.87%	4.91%
1971	7.58%	4.61%
1972	7.33%	4.35%
1973	7.13%	4.11%
1974	6.97%	3.9%
1975	6.86%	3.71%
1976	6.77%	3.53%
1977	6.69%	3.37%
1978	6.61%	3.22%
1979	6.52%	3.09%
1980	6.42%	2.97%
1981	6.29%	2.87%
1982	6.15%	2.78%
1983	6%	2.7%
1984	5.83%	2.63%
1985	5.66%	2.57%
1986	5.49%	2.51%
1987	5.31%	2.44%
1988	5.13%	2.37%
1989	4.95%	2.29%
1990	4.76%	2.21%
1991	4.59%	2.14%
1992	4.43%	2.06%
1993	4.29%	2%
1994	4.2%	1.94%
1995	4.15%	1.89%
1996	4.14%	1.85%
1997	4.15%	1.81%
1998	4.19%	1.78%
1999	4.23%	1.74%
2000	4.25%	1.7%
2001	4.25%	1.65%
2002	4.24%	1.61%
2003	4.21%	1.56%
2004	4.18%	1.52%
2005	4.14%	1.48%
2006	4.1%	1.44%
2007	4.06%	1.41%
2008	4.02%	1.37%
2009	3.97%	1.34%
2010	3.94%	1.31%
2011	3.89%	1.29%
2012	3.82%	1.26%
2013	3.75%	1.24%
2014	3.66%	1.22%
2015	3.57%	1.19%
2016	3.48%	1.17%
2017	3.38%	1.15%
2018	3.29%	1.12%
2019	3.19%	1.1%
2020	3.1%	1.08%
2021	3%	1.05%
2022	2.91%	1.02%
2023	2.82%	0.99%