Fertility & birth rates in Tonga and Zambia

Fertility rate in Tonga vs Zambia by year

Chart Table

Tonga

Zambia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Tonga	Zambia
2023	3.13	4.1
2022	3.17	4.18
2021	3.2	4.25
2020	3.23	4.32
2019	3.27	4.42
2018	3.33	4.49
2017	3.39	4.57
2016	3.46	4.67
2015	3.54	4.78
2014	3.62	4.89
2013	3.7	5.01
2012	3.77	5.14
2011	3.83	5.26
2010	3.88	5.36
2009	3.95	5.45
2008	4.01	5.53
2007	4.09	5.61
2006	4.14	5.68
2005	4.2	5.7
2004	4.19	5.7
2003	4.18	5.71
2002	4.14	5.77
2001	4.13	5.85
2000	4.16	5.92
1999	4.23	6
1998	4.31	6.07
1997	4.38	6.12
1996	4.46	6.18
1995	4.56	6.23
1994	4.66	6.26
1993	4.73	6.3
1992	4.79	6.35
1991	4.85	6.46
1990	4.93	6.57
1989	5.01	6.64
1988	5.1	6.7
1987	5.19	6.8
1986	5.27	6.87
1985	5.34	6.93
1984	5.41	6.97
1983	5.45	7.01
1982	5.5	7.04
1981	5.55	7.07
1980	5.6	7.14
1979	5.65	7.22
1978	5.68	7.29
1977	5.7	7.35
1976	5.73	7.39
1975	5.75	7.42
1974	5.77	7.36
1973	5.8	7.34
1972	5.86	7.3
1971	5.96	7.26
1970	6.07	7.22
1969	6.17	7.18
1968	6.23	7.18
1967	6.29	7.15
1966	6.35	7.14
1965	6.41	7.12
1964	6.46	7.09
1963	6.52	7.06
1962	6.57	7.01
1961	6.61	6.98
1960	6.65	6.95

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Tonga was 3.13 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.1 in Zambia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Tonga vs Zambia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Tonga

Zambia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Tonga	Zambia
2023	1,744	577,660
2022	1,772	563,456
2021	1,773	535,629
2020	1,816	536,484
2019	1,841	528,089
2018	1,873	515,644
2017	1,912	504,630
2016	1,989	497,521
2015	2,064	491,021
2014	2,135	483,663
2013	2,199	476,846
2012	2,255	469,406
2011	2,298	459,743
2010	2,332	448,337
2009	2,358	434,458
2008	2,397	419,560
2007	2,423	403,729
2006	2,459	387,891
2005	2,495	368,756
2004	2,478	349,352
2003	2,448	331,189
2002	2,396	316,041
2001	2,358	302,682
2000	2,346	293,186
1999	2,352	283,297
1998	2,344	275,568
1997	2,332	268,198
1996	2,393	262,468
1995	2,476	257,897
1994	2,547	252,023
1993	2,594	245,917
1992	2,622	239,953
1991	2,637	237,957
1990	2,641	235,835
1989	2,644	233,429
1988	2,649	230,118
1987	2,646	227,813
1986	2,704	224,768
1985	2,762	221,351
1984	2,814	216,695
1983	2,840	212,712
1982	2,853	207,621
1981	2,882	202,822
1980	2,885	198,817
1979	2,884	197,578
1978	2,862	194,933
1977	2,822	191,557
1976	2,769	186,762
1975	2,709	182,258
1974	2,650	174,484
1973	2,617	168,258
1972	2,605	161,648
1971	2,611	155,249
1970	2,628	149,380
1969	2,632	142,660
1968	2,614	137,315
1967	2,603	131,938
1966	2,550	127,164
1965	2,498	122,814
1964	2,445	117,197
1963	2,394	114,555
1962	2,343	110,173
1961	2,284	106,318
1960	2,230	102,335

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +1.67% in Tonga and +2.79% in Zambia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +1.79% in Tonga and +2.87% in Zambia.

Birth rate in Tonga vs Zambia by year

Chart Table

Tonga

Zambia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Tonga	Zambia
2023	23.1	33.1
2022	23.4	33.5
2021	23.5	33.9
2020	23.6	34.4
2019	23.8	35
2018	24.1	35.5
2017	24.5	35.9
2016	25.2	36.6
2015	25.8	37.3
2014	26.4	38.1
2013	26.9	39
2012	27.3	39.9
2011	27.7	40.7
2010	28	41.4
2009	28.4	42
2008	28.7	42.6
2007	29	43.2
2006	29.5	43.7
2005	30	43.8
2004	30	43.9
2003	29.9	43.9
2002	29.5	44.3
2001	29.4	44.8
2000	29.4	45.5
1999	29.6	45.9
1998	29.7	46.2
1997	29.8	46.3
1996	30.6	46.6
1995	31.4	46.8
1994	32.2	46.7
1993	32.7	46.6
1992	33	46.6
1991	33.2	46.9
1990	33.3	47
1989	33.4	47.1
1988	33.5	47.1
1987	33.7	47.3
1986	34.4	47.4
1985	34.9	47.4
1984	35.4	47.3
1983	35.6	47.3
1982	35.8	47.3
1981	36	47.3
1980	36.1	47.5
1979	36.1	48.2
1978	36	48.7
1977	35.7	49.2
1976	35.6	49.5
1975	35.8	50
1974	36	49.7
1973	36.5	49.7
1972	37	49.6
1971	37.8	49.4
1970	38.8	49.3
1969	39.6	48.9
1968	40.3	48.9
1967	41	48.8
1966	41.4	48.8
1965	41.9	48.8
1964	42.4	48.9
1963	42.9	48.9
1962	43.4	48.9
1961	43.9	48.9
1960	44.3	48.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 23.1 in Tonga and 33.1 in Zambia, compared with 44.3 and 48.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Tonga

Factual

UN forecast

Zambia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Tonga	Zambia
2100	17.5%	21.6%
2099	17.6%	21.7%
2098	17.7%	21.9%
2097	17.7%	22%
2096	17.9%	22.2%
2095	18%	22.3%
2094	18.1%	22.5%
2093	18.3%	22.7%
2092	18.4%	22.8%
2091	18.6%	23%
2090	18.8%	23.1%
2089	19%	23.3%
2088	19.3%	23.5%
2087	19.5%	23.6%
2086	19.7%	23.8%
2085	20%	24%
2084	20.2%	24.2%
2083	20.4%	24.3%
2082	20.7%	24.5%
2081	20.9%	24.7%
2080	21.1%	24.9%
2079	21.3%	25.1%
2078	21.5%	25.3%
2077	21.7%	25.5%
2076	21.9%	25.7%
2075	22%	25.9%
2074	22.2%	26.1%
2073	22.3%	26.4%
2072	22.4%	26.6%
2071	22.6%	26.8%
2070	22.7%	27%
2069	22.8%	27.2%
2068	23%	27.5%
2067	23.2%	27.7%
2066	23.4%	27.9%
2065	23.6%	28.1%
2064	23.8%	28.4%
2063	24.1%	28.6%
2062	24.4%	28.9%
2061	24.7%	29.1%
2060	25%	29.3%
2059	25.4%	29.6%
2058	25.8%	29.8%
2057	26.2%	30.1%
2056	26.6%	30.4%
2055	27%	30.6%
2054	27.4%	30.9%
2053	27.8%	31.2%
2052	28.2%	31.5%
2051	28.5%	31.8%
2050	28.9%	32.2%
2049	29.1%	32.5%
2048	29.4%	32.8%
2047	29.6%	33.2%
2046	29.7%	33.5%
2045	29.8%	33.9%
2044	29.9%	34.2%
2043	30%	34.6%
2042	30.1%	34.9%
2041	30.1%	35.3%
2040	30.2%	35.6%
2039	30.2%	36%
2038	30.3%	36.3%
2037	30.4%	36.6%
2036	30.6%	37%
2035	30.7%	37.3%
2034	30.9%	37.6%
2033	31.1%	38%
2032	31.4%	38.3%
2031	31.8%	38.7%
2030	32.3%	39%
2029	33%	39.4%
2028	33.6%	39.8%
2027	34.1%	40.3%
2026	34.6%	40.7%
2025	35.2%	41.2%
2024	35.4%	41.5%
2023	35.6%	42%
2022	35.6%	42.4%
2021	35.7%	42.9%
2020	35.8%	43.3%
2019	36%	43.8%
2018	36.2%	44.1%
2017	36.4%	44.5%
2016	36.5%	44.9%
2015	36.7%	45.2%
2014	36.9%	45.5%
2013	37.1%	45.7%
2012	37.2%	45.9%
2011	37.4%	46.1%
2010	37.6%	46.3%
2009	37.8%	46.4%
2008	38%	46.6%
2007	38.3%	46.8%
2006	38.3%	47%
2005	38.3%	47.1%
2004	38.2%	47.3%
2003	38.1%	47.4%
2002	38.1%	47.6%
2001	38.2%	47.8%
2000	38.3%	48%
1999	38.6%	48.1%
1998	38.9%	48.2%
1997	39.3%	48.2%
1996	39.7%	48.2%
1995	39.9%	48.2%
1994	40.1%	48.2%
1993	40.3%	48.2%
1992	40.5%	48.2%
1991	40.6%	48.3%
1990	40.8%	48.4%
1989	40.9%	48.5%
1988	41.2%	48.6%
1987	41.5%	48.7%
1986	41.7%	48.8%
1985	42%	48.9%
1984	42.4%	49%
1983	42.9%	49.1%
1982	43.4%	49.3%
1981	43.9%	49.4%
1980	44.3%	49.5%
1979	44.8%	49.5%
1978	45.3%	49.4%
1977	45.8%	49.2%
1976	46.1%	49.1%
1975	46.2%	48.8%
1974	46.2%	48.6%
1973	46.2%	48.3%
1972	46.3%	48%
1971	46.4%	47.7%
1970	46.4%	47.4%
1969	46.3%	47.2%
1968	46.2%	47.1%
1967	46%	47%
1966	45.9%	46.9%
1965	45.9%	46.9%
1964	45.9%	46.7%
1963	45.9%	46.5%
1962	45.8%	46.3%
1961	45.7%	46.2%
1960	45.7%	46%

Children aged 0-14 make up 35.4% of the population in Tonga and 41.5% in Zambia in 2024, compared to 40.8% and 48.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Tonga and Zambia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Tonga vs Zambia

Chart Table

Tonga

Zambia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Tonga	Zambia
2023	67	85
2022	72	89
2021	76	140
2020	74	99
2019	73	103
2018	74	117
2017	77	141
2016	78	158
2015	79	154
2014	80	174
2013	80	213
2012	83	256
2011	84	291
2010	85	332
2009	91	406
2008	88	394
2007	88	324
2006	89	262
2005	92	264
2004	92	260
2003	95	250
2002	98	274
2001	98	306
2000	100	340
1999	99	378
1998	104	392
1997	111	403
1996	113	433
1995	117	466
1994	123	507
1993	127	532
1992	129	581
1991	134	611
1990	138	625
1989	139	635
1988	145	635
1987	147	630
1986	149	619
1985	148	596

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 67 deaths per 100,000 live births in Tonga, compared to 85 deaths in Zambia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Tonga

Zambia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Tonga	Zambia
2023	0.99%	4.47%
2022	1.02%	4.67%
2021	1.05%	4.92%
2020	1.08%	5.24%
2019	1.1%	5.41%
2018	1.12%	5.52%
2017	1.15%	5.61%
2016	1.17%	5.9%
2015	1.19%	6.15%
2014	1.22%	6.38%
2013	1.24%	6.72%
2012	1.26%	7.04%
2011	1.29%	7.31%
2010	1.31%	7.57%
2009	1.34%	8%
2008	1.37%	8.62%
2007	1.41%	9.14%
2006	1.44%	9.71%
2005	1.48%	10.5%
2004	1.52%	11.4%
2003	1.56%	12.4%
2002	1.61%	13.4%
2001	1.65%	14.4%
2000	1.7%	15.3%
1999	1.74%	15.9%
1998	1.78%	16.3%
1997	1.81%	16.7%
1996	1.85%	17%
1995	1.89%	17.3%
1994	1.94%	17.7%
1993	2%	17.9%
1992	2.06%	18.1%
1991	2.14%	18.1%
1990	2.21%	18.1%
1989	2.29%	17.9%
1988	2.37%	17.7%
1987	2.44%	17.3%
1986	2.51%	17%
1985	2.57%	16.6%
1984	2.63%	16.2%
1983	2.7%	15.9%
1982	2.78%	15.7%
1981	2.87%	15.6%
1980	2.97%	15.5%
1979	3.09%	15.4%
1978	3.22%	15.3%
1977	3.37%	15.3%
1976	3.53%	15.4%
1975	3.71%	15.5%
1974	3.9%	15.9%
1973	4.11%	16.3%
1972	4.35%	16.9%
1971	4.61%	17.4%
1970	4.91%	17.9%
1969	5.25%	18.3%
1968	5.63%	18.5%
1967	6.03%	18.7%
1966	6.45%	18.9%
1965	6.89%	19%
1964	7.35%	19.2%
1963	7.83%	19.5%
1962	-	19.8%
1961	-	20.1%
1960	-	20.5%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.99% in Tonga and 4.47% in Zambia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.