Tonga has an annual birth rate of 23.1 births per 1,000 people, compared to 33.1 for Zambia. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 3.13 in Tonga and 4.1 in Zambia — 31.1% difference.
1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -53% in Tonga and by -41% in Zambia — in 1960, it was 6.65 and 6.95, respectively.
Birth rates facts compared:
- Tonga is ranked 58/196 by birth rate compared to 19/196 for Zambia.
- The mean age for first-time mothers is 24.9 years in Tonga, compared to 19.2 years in Zambia.
- The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 29.9 in Tonga — it's 28.4 in Zambia.
- Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 24.8 in Tonga vs 115.9 in Zambia.
- In Tonga, 25.6% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 25.3% in Zambia.
- Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +1.67% in Tonga and +2.79% in Zambia.
Birth rate data compared
Tonga
|
Zambia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Fertility rate | 3.13 | 4.1 |
| Birth rate | 23.1 | 33.1 |
| Birth rate rank | 58/196 | 19/196 |
| Age at first childbirth | 24.9 years | 19.2 years |
| Average age at childbearing | 29.9 years | 28.4 years |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 | 25.1 | 115 |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 | 145 | 175.9 |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ | 41.6 | 65.3 |
| Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population | 25.6% | 25.3% |
| Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 | 25.2% | 47.5% |
| Share of births attended by skilled health staff | 98.3% | 80.4% |
| Maternal mortality per live birth | 0.07% | 0.09% |
| Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) | 0.43% | 2.2% |
| Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) | 0.8% | 3.09% |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births | 0.99% | 4.47% |
| Population change due to births and deaths | +1,744 | +577,660 |
| Natural population change rank | 137/196 | 34/196 |
| Natural population change rate | +1.67% | +2.79% |
| Population growth | -0.4% | +2.85% |
| Population growth rank | 181/197 | 22/197 |
| Life expectancy | 73.2 years | 66.7 years |
Fertility rate in Tonga vs Zambia chart
According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Tonga was 3.13 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.1 in Zambia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.
Check Tonga vs Zambia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.
The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.
Tonga
Factual
UN forecast
Zambia
Factual
UN forecast
Births per woman
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Tonga
|
Zambia
|
|
| 1960 | 6.65 | 6.95 |
| 1961 | 6.61 | 6.98 |
| 1962 | 6.57 | 7.01 |
| 1963 | 6.52 | 7.06 |
| 1964 | 6.46 | 7.09 |
| 1965 | 6.41 | 7.12 |
| 1966 | 6.35 | 7.14 |
| 1967 | 6.29 | 7.15 |
| 1968 | 6.23 | 7.18 |
| 1969 | 6.17 | 7.18 |
| 1970 | 6.07 | 7.22 |
| 1971 | 5.96 | 7.26 |
| 1972 | 5.86 | 7.3 |
| 1973 | 5.8 | 7.34 |
| 1974 | 5.77 | 7.36 |
| 1975 | 5.75 | 7.42 |
| 1976 | 5.73 | 7.39 |
| 1977 | 5.7 | 7.35 |
| 1978 | 5.68 | 7.29 |
| 1979 | 5.65 | 7.22 |
| 1980 | 5.6 | 7.14 |
| 1981 | 5.55 | 7.07 |
| 1982 | 5.5 | 7.04 |
| 1983 | 5.45 | 7.01 |
| 1984 | 5.41 | 6.97 |
| 1985 | 5.34 | 6.93 |
| 1986 | 5.27 | 6.87 |
| 1987 | 5.19 | 6.8 |
| 1988 | 5.1 | 6.7 |
| 1989 | 5.01 | 6.64 |
| 1990 | 4.93 | 6.57 |
| 1991 | 4.85 | 6.46 |
| 1992 | 4.79 | 6.35 |
| 1993 | 4.73 | 6.3 |
| 1994 | 4.66 | 6.26 |
| 1995 | 4.56 | 6.23 |
| 1996 | 4.46 | 6.18 |
| 1997 | 4.38 | 6.12 |
| 1998 | 4.31 | 6.07 |
| 1999 | 4.23 | 6 |
| 2000 | 4.16 | 5.92 |
| 2001 | 4.13 | 5.85 |
| 2002 | 4.14 | 5.77 |
| 2003 | 4.18 | 5.71 |
| 2004 | 4.19 | 5.7 |
| 2005 | 4.2 | 5.7 |
| 2006 | 4.14 | 5.68 |
| 2007 | 4.09 | 5.61 |
| 2008 | 4.01 | 5.53 |
| 2009 | 3.95 | 5.45 |
| 2010 | 3.88 | 5.36 |
| 2011 | 3.83 | 5.26 |
| 2012 | 3.77 | 5.14 |
| 2013 | 3.7 | 5.01 |
| 2014 | 3.62 | 4.89 |
| 2015 | 3.54 | 4.78 |
| 2016 | 3.46 | 4.67 |
| 2017 | 3.39 | 4.57 |
| 2018 | 3.33 | 4.49 |
| 2019 | 3.27 | 4.42 |
| 2020 | 3.23 | 4.32 |
| 2021 | 3.2 | 4.25 |
| 2022 | 3.17 | 4.18 |
| 2023 | 3.13 | 4.1 |
| 2024 | 3.1 | 4.04 |
| 2025 | 3.07 | 3.97 |
| 2026 | 3.04 | 3.91 |
| 2027 | 3 | 3.85 |
| 2028 | 2.97 | 3.77 |
| 2029 | 2.95 | 3.72 |
| 2030 | 2.91 | 3.67 |
| 2031 | 2.89 | 3.61 |
| 2032 | 2.85 | 3.56 |
| 2033 | 2.82 | 3.5 |
| 2034 | 2.8 | 3.45 |
| 2035 | 2.77 | 3.4 |
| 2036 | 2.75 | 3.35 |
| 2037 | 2.72 | 3.3 |
| 2038 | 2.7 | 3.25 |
| 2039 | 2.68 | 3.19 |
| 2040 | 2.65 | 3.15 |
| 2041 | 2.63 | 3.11 |
| 2042 | 2.61 | 3.07 |
| 2043 | 2.59 | 3.03 |
| 2044 | 2.56 | 3 |
| 2045 | 2.54 | 2.96 |
| 2046 | 2.52 | 2.93 |
| 2047 | 2.5 | 2.9 |
| 2048 | 2.49 | 2.87 |
| 2049 | 2.47 | 2.84 |
| 2050 | 2.45 | 2.81 |
Children 0-14 years as share of population
Tonga
Factual
UN forecast
Zambia
Factual
UN forecast
| Year | Share of people 0-14 years old | |
|---|---|---|
|
Tonga
|
Zambia
|
|
| 1960 | 45.7% | 46% |
| 1961 | 45.7% | 46.2% |
| 1962 | 45.8% | 46.3% |
| 1963 | 45.9% | 46.5% |
| 1964 | 45.9% | 46.7% |
| 1965 | 45.9% | 46.9% |
| 1966 | 45.9% | 46.9% |
| 1967 | 46% | 47% |
| 1968 | 46.2% | 47.1% |
| 1969 | 46.3% | 47.2% |
| 1970 | 46.4% | 47.4% |
| 1971 | 46.4% | 47.7% |
| 1972 | 46.3% | 48% |
| 1973 | 46.2% | 48.3% |
| 1974 | 46.2% | 48.6% |
| 1975 | 46.2% | 48.8% |
| 1976 | 46.1% | 49.1% |
| 1977 | 45.8% | 49.2% |
| 1978 | 45.3% | 49.4% |
| 1979 | 44.8% | 49.5% |
| 1980 | 44.3% | 49.5% |
| 1981 | 43.9% | 49.4% |
| 1982 | 43.4% | 49.3% |
| 1983 | 42.9% | 49.1% |
| 1984 | 42.4% | 49% |
| 1985 | 42% | 48.9% |
| 1986 | 41.7% | 48.8% |
| 1987 | 41.5% | 48.7% |
| 1988 | 41.2% | 48.6% |
| 1989 | 40.9% | 48.5% |
| 1990 | 40.8% | 48.4% |
| 1991 | 40.6% | 48.3% |
| 1992 | 40.5% | 48.2% |
| 1993 | 40.3% | 48.2% |
| 1994 | 40.1% | 48.2% |
| 1995 | 39.9% | 48.2% |
| 1996 | 39.7% | 48.2% |
| 1997 | 39.3% | 48.2% |
| 1998 | 38.9% | 48.2% |
| 1999 | 38.6% | 48.1% |
| 2000 | 38.3% | 48% |
| 2001 | 38.2% | 47.8% |
| 2002 | 38.1% | 47.6% |
| 2003 | 38.1% | 47.4% |
| 2004 | 38.2% | 47.3% |
| 2005 | 38.3% | 47.1% |
| 2006 | 38.3% | 47% |
| 2007 | 38.3% | 46.8% |
| 2008 | 38% | 46.6% |
| 2009 | 37.8% | 46.4% |
| 2010 | 37.6% | 46.3% |
| 2011 | 37.4% | 46.1% |
| 2012 | 37.2% | 45.9% |
| 2013 | 37.1% | 45.7% |
| 2014 | 36.9% | 45.5% |
| 2015 | 36.7% | 45.2% |
| 2016 | 36.5% | 44.9% |
| 2017 | 36.4% | 44.5% |
| 2018 | 36.2% | 44.1% |
| 2019 | 36% | 43.8% |
| 2020 | 35.8% | 43.3% |
| 2021 | 35.7% | 42.9% |
| 2022 | 35.6% | 42.4% |
| 2023 | 35.6% | 42% |
| 2024 | 35.4% | 41.5% |
| 2025 | 34.9% | 41% |
| 2026 | 34.4% | 40.5% |
| 2027 | 33.8% | 40% |
| 2028 | 33.3% | 39.6% |
| 2029 | 32.6% | 39.2% |
| 2030 | 32% | 38.8% |
| 2031 | 31.6% | 38.5% |
| 2032 | 31.2% | 38.1% |
| 2033 | 31% | 37.8% |
| 2034 | 30.8% | 37.5% |
| 2035 | 30.7% | 37.1% |
| 2036 | 30.5% | 36.8% |
| 2037 | 30.4% | 36.5% |
| 2038 | 30.3% | 36.1% |
| 2039 | 30.2% | 35.8% |
| 2040 | 30.1% | 35.4% |
| 2041 | 30.1% | 35.1% |
| 2042 | 30% | 34.7% |
| 2043 | 30% | 34.4% |
| 2044 | 29.9% | 34% |
| 2045 | 29.8% | 33.7% |
| 2046 | 29.6% | 33.3% |
| 2047 | 29.5% | 33% |
| 2048 | 29.2% | 32.6% |
| 2049 | 29% | 32.3% |
| 2050 | 28.7% | 32% |
Children aged 0-14 make up 35.4% of the population in Tonga and 41.5% in Zambia in 2024, compared to 40.8% and 48.4% respectively in 1990.
Natural population change in Tonga vs Zambia by year
For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.79% in Tonga and +2.87% in Zambia. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.
Tonga
Zambia
Natural population change
| Year | Population change due to births and deaths | |
|---|---|---|
|
Tonga
|
Zambia
|
|
| 1960 | 2,230 | 102,335 |
| 1961 | 2,284 | 106,318 |
| 1962 | 2,343 | 110,173 |
| 1963 | 2,394 | 114,555 |
| 1964 | 2,445 | 117,197 |
| 1965 | 2,498 | 122,814 |
| 1966 | 2,550 | 127,164 |
| 1967 | 2,603 | 131,938 |
| 1968 | 2,614 | 137,315 |
| 1969 | 2,632 | 142,660 |
| 1970 | 2,628 | 149,380 |
| 1971 | 2,611 | 155,249 |
| 1972 | 2,605 | 161,648 |
| 1973 | 2,617 | 168,258 |
| 1974 | 2,650 | 174,484 |
| 1975 | 2,709 | 182,258 |
| 1976 | 2,769 | 186,762 |
| 1977 | 2,822 | 191,557 |
| 1978 | 2,862 | 194,933 |
| 1979 | 2,884 | 197,578 |
| 1980 | 2,885 | 198,817 |
| 1981 | 2,882 | 202,822 |
| 1982 | 2,853 | 207,621 |
| 1983 | 2,840 | 212,712 |
| 1984 | 2,814 | 216,695 |
| 1985 | 2,762 | 221,351 |
| 1986 | 2,704 | 224,768 |
| 1987 | 2,646 | 227,813 |
| 1988 | 2,649 | 230,118 |
| 1989 | 2,644 | 233,429 |
| 1990 | 2,641 | 235,835 |
| 1991 | 2,637 | 237,957 |
| 1992 | 2,622 | 239,953 |
| 1993 | 2,594 | 245,917 |
| 1994 | 2,547 | 252,023 |
| 1995 | 2,476 | 257,897 |
| 1996 | 2,393 | 262,468 |
| 1997 | 2,332 | 268,198 |
| 1998 | 2,344 | 275,568 |
| 1999 | 2,352 | 283,297 |
| 2000 | 2,346 | 293,186 |
| 2001 | 2,358 | 302,682 |
| 2002 | 2,396 | 316,041 |
| 2003 | 2,448 | 331,189 |
| 2004 | 2,478 | 349,352 |
| 2005 | 2,495 | 368,756 |
| 2006 | 2,459 | 387,891 |
| 2007 | 2,423 | 403,729 |
| 2008 | 2,397 | 419,560 |
| 2009 | 2,358 | 434,458 |
| 2010 | 2,332 | 448,337 |
| 2011 | 2,298 | 459,743 |
| 2012 | 2,255 | 469,406 |
| 2013 | 2,199 | 476,846 |
| 2014 | 2,135 | 483,663 |
| 2015 | 2,064 | 491,021 |
| 2016 | 1,989 | 497,521 |
| 2017 | 1,912 | 504,630 |
| 2018 | 1,873 | 515,644 |
| 2019 | 1,841 | 528,089 |
| 2020 | 1,816 | 536,484 |
| 2021 | 1,773 | 535,629 |
| 2022 | 1,772 | 563,456 |
| 2023 | 1,744 | 577,660 |
Fertility rates around the globe
Fertility rate
Maternal mortality chart: Tonga vs Zambia
The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 67 deaths per 100,000 live births in Tonga, compared to 85 deaths in Zambia.
Tonga
Zambia
| Year | Maternal mortality per 100K births | |
|---|---|---|
|
Tonga
|
Zambia
|
|
| 1985 | 148 | 596 |
| 1986 | 149 | 619 |
| 1987 | 147 | 630 |
| 1988 | 145 | 635 |
| 1989 | 139 | 635 |
| 1990 | 138 | 625 |
| 1991 | 134 | 611 |
| 1992 | 129 | 581 |
| 1993 | 127 | 532 |
| 1994 | 123 | 507 |
| 1995 | 117 | 466 |
| 1996 | 113 | 433 |
| 1997 | 111 | 403 |
| 1998 | 104 | 392 |
| 1999 | 99 | 378 |
| 2000 | 100 | 340 |
| 2001 | 98 | 306 |
| 2002 | 98 | 274 |
| 2003 | 95 | 250 |
| 2004 | 92 | 260 |
| 2005 | 92 | 264 |
| 2006 | 89 | 262 |
| 2007 | 88 | 324 |
| 2008 | 88 | 394 |
| 2009 | 91 | 406 |
| 2010 | 85 | 332 |
| 2011 | 84 | 291 |
| 2012 | 83 | 256 |
| 2013 | 80 | 213 |
| 2014 | 80 | 174 |
| 2015 | 79 | 154 |
| 2016 | 78 | 158 |
| 2017 | 77 | 141 |
| 2018 | 74 | 117 |
| 2019 | 73 | 103 |
| 2020 | 74 | 99 |
| 2021 | 76 | 140 |
| 2022 | 72 | 89 |
| 2023 | 67 | 85 |
Under-five mortality rates
The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.99% in Tonga and 4.47% in Zambia. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.
Tonga
Zambia
Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five
| Year | Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births | |
|---|---|---|
|
Tonga
|
Zambia
|
|
| 1960 | - | 20.5% |
| 1961 | - | 20.1% |
| 1962 | - | 19.8% |
| 1963 | 7.83% | 19.5% |
| 1964 | 7.35% | 19.2% |
| 1965 | 6.89% | 19% |
| 1966 | 6.45% | 18.9% |
| 1967 | 6.03% | 18.7% |
| 1968 | 5.63% | 18.5% |
| 1969 | 5.25% | 18.3% |
| 1970 | 4.91% | 17.9% |
| 1971 | 4.61% | 17.4% |
| 1972 | 4.35% | 16.9% |
| 1973 | 4.11% | 16.3% |
| 1974 | 3.9% | 15.9% |
| 1975 | 3.71% | 15.5% |
| 1976 | 3.53% | 15.4% |
| 1977 | 3.37% | 15.3% |
| 1978 | 3.22% | 15.3% |
| 1979 | 3.09% | 15.4% |
| 1980 | 2.97% | 15.5% |
| 1981 | 2.87% | 15.6% |
| 1982 | 2.78% | 15.7% |
| 1983 | 2.7% | 15.9% |
| 1984 | 2.63% | 16.2% |
| 1985 | 2.57% | 16.6% |
| 1986 | 2.51% | 17% |
| 1987 | 2.44% | 17.3% |
| 1988 | 2.37% | 17.7% |
| 1989 | 2.29% | 17.9% |
| 1990 | 2.21% | 18.1% |
| 1991 | 2.14% | 18.1% |
| 1992 | 2.06% | 18.1% |
| 1993 | 2% | 17.9% |
| 1994 | 1.94% | 17.7% |
| 1995 | 1.89% | 17.3% |
| 1996 | 1.85% | 17% |
| 1997 | 1.81% | 16.7% |
| 1998 | 1.78% | 16.3% |
| 1999 | 1.74% | 15.9% |
| 2000 | 1.7% | 15.3% |
| 2001 | 1.65% | 14.4% |
| 2002 | 1.61% | 13.4% |
| 2003 | 1.56% | 12.4% |
| 2004 | 1.52% | 11.4% |
| 2005 | 1.48% | 10.5% |
| 2006 | 1.44% | 9.71% |
| 2007 | 1.41% | 9.14% |
| 2008 | 1.37% | 8.62% |
| 2009 | 1.34% | 8% |
| 2010 | 1.31% | 7.57% |
| 2011 | 1.29% | 7.31% |
| 2012 | 1.26% | 7.04% |
| 2013 | 1.24% | 6.72% |
| 2014 | 1.22% | 6.38% |
| 2015 | 1.19% | 6.15% |
| 2016 | 1.17% | 5.9% |
| 2017 | 1.15% | 5.61% |
| 2018 | 1.12% | 5.52% |
| 2019 | 1.1% | 5.41% |
| 2020 | 1.08% | 5.24% |
| 2021 | 1.05% | 4.92% |
| 2022 | 1.02% | 4.67% |
| 2023 | 0.99% | 4.47% |
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