Fertility & birth rates in Tonga and United Kingdom

Fertility rate in Tonga vs United Kingdom chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Tonga was 3.13 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.56 in the United Kingdom in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Tonga vs the United Kingdom population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Tonga	United Kingdom
1960	6.65	2.69
1961	6.61	2.78
1962	6.57	2.86
1963	6.52	2.88
1964	6.46	2.93
1965	6.41	2.86
1966	6.35	2.78
1967	6.29	2.68
1968	6.23	2.6
1969	6.17	2.51
1970	6.07	2.44
1971	5.96	2.41
1972	5.86	2.2
1973	5.8	2.04
1974	5.77	1.92
1975	5.75	1.81
1976	5.73	1.74
1977	5.7	1.69
1978	5.68	1.75
1979	5.65	1.86
1980	5.6	1.9
1981	5.55	1.82
1982	5.5	1.78
1983	5.45	1.77
1984	5.41	1.77
1985	5.34	1.79
1986	5.27	1.78
1987	5.19	1.81
1988	5.1	1.82
1989	5.01	1.79
1990	4.93	1.83
1991	4.85	1.82
1992	4.79	1.79
1993	4.73	1.76
1994	4.66	1.74
1995	4.56	1.71
1996	4.46	1.73
1997	4.38	1.72
1998	4.31	1.71
1999	4.23	1.68
2000	4.16	1.64
2001	4.13	1.63
2002	4.14	1.63
2003	4.18	1.7
2004	4.19	1.75
2005	4.2	1.76
2006	4.14	1.82
2007	4.09	1.86
2008	4.01	1.91
2009	3.95	1.89
2010	3.88	1.92
2011	3.83	1.91
2012	3.77	1.92
2013	3.7	1.83
2014	3.62	1.81
2015	3.54	1.8
2016	3.46	1.79
2017	3.39	1.74
2018	3.33	1.68
2019	3.27	1.63
2020	3.23	1.57
2021	3.2	1.58
2022	3.17	1.56
2023	3.13	1.56
2024	3.1	1.55
2025	3.07	1.54
2026	3.04	1.53
2027	3	1.53
2028	2.97	1.53
2029	2.95	1.52
2030	2.91	1.52
2031	2.89	1.52
2032	2.85	1.53
2033	2.82	1.53
2034	2.8	1.53
2035	2.77	1.53
2036	2.75	1.53
2037	2.72	1.53
2038	2.7	1.53
2039	2.68	1.53
2040	2.65	1.53
2041	2.63	1.54
2042	2.61	1.54
2043	2.59	1.54
2044	2.56	1.54
2045	2.54	1.54
2046	2.52	1.54
2047	2.5	1.54
2048	2.49	1.54
2049	2.47	1.55
2050	2.45	1.55

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Tonga	United Kingdom
1960	45.7%	23.3%
1961	45.7%	23.3%
1962	45.8%	23.2%
1963	45.9%	23.2%
1964	45.9%	23.3%
1965	45.9%	23.4%
1966	45.9%	23.5%
1967	46%	23.7%
1968	46.2%	23.9%
1969	46.3%	24%
1970	46.4%	24.1%
1971	46.4%	24.1%
1972	46.3%	24%
1973	46.2%	23.9%
1974	46.2%	23.6%
1975	46.2%	23.3%
1976	46.1%	22.9%
1977	45.8%	22.4%
1978	45.3%	21.9%
1979	44.8%	21.4%
1980	44.3%	21%
1981	43.9%	20.6%
1982	43.4%	20.2%
1983	42.9%	19.8%
1984	42.4%	19.5%
1985	42%	19.3%
1986	41.7%	19.1%
1987	41.5%	18.9%
1988	41.2%	18.9%
1989	40.9%	19.1%
1990	40.8%	19.1%
1991	40.6%	19.3%
1992	40.5%	19.4%
1993	40.3%	19.5%
1994	40.1%	19.6%
1995	39.9%	19.5%
1996	39.7%	19.4%
1997	39.3%	19.3%
1998	38.9%	19.3%
1999	38.6%	19.2%
2000	38.3%	18.9%
2001	38.2%	18.7%
2002	38.1%	18.5%
2003	38.1%	18.4%
2004	38.2%	18.3%
2005	38.3%	18.2%
2006	38.3%	18%
2007	38.3%	17.9%
2008	38%	17.8%
2009	37.8%	17.8%
2010	37.6%	17.8%
2011	37.4%	17.7%
2012	37.2%	17.8%
2013	37.1%	17.8%
2014	36.9%	17.8%
2015	36.7%	17.9%
2016	36.5%	18%
2017	36.4%	18%
2018	36.2%	18.1%
2019	36%	18%
2020	35.8%	18%
2021	35.7%	17.8%
2022	35.6%	17.6%
2023	35.6%	17.4%
2024	35.4%	17.2%
2025	34.9%	17%
2026	34.4%	16.7%
2027	33.8%	16.5%
2028	33.3%	16.2%
2029	32.6%	16%
2030	32%	15.7%
2031	31.6%	15.5%
2032	31.2%	15.3%
2033	31%	15.2%
2034	30.8%	15.1%
2035	30.7%	15%
2036	30.5%	14.9%
2037	30.4%	14.9%
2038	30.3%	14.8%
2039	30.2%	14.8%
2040	30.1%	14.8%
2041	30.1%	14.8%
2042	30%	14.8%
2043	30%	14.9%
2044	29.9%	14.9%
2045	29.8%	14.9%
2046	29.6%	15%
2047	29.5%	15%
2048	29.2%	15%
2049	29%	15%
2050	28.7%	15.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 35.4% of the population in Tonga and 17.2% in the United Kingdom in 2024, compared to 40.8% and 19.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Tonga and the United Kingdom compared.

Natural population change in Tonga vs United Kingdom by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.79% in Tonga and +0.16% in the United Kingdom. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Tonga	United Kingdom
1960	2,230	314,400
1961	2,284	311,519
1962	2,343	340,800
1963	2,394	337,995
1964	2,445	405,000
1965	2,498	364,132
1966	2,550	333,356
1967	2,603	346,145
1968	2,614	292,622
1969	2,632	260,577
1970	2,628	244,918
1971	2,611	257,123
1972	2,605	162,650
1973	2,617	112,389
1974	2,650	67,476
1975	2,709	33,735
1976	2,769	-5,621
1977	2,822	0
1978	2,862	16,859
1979	2,884	61,872
1980	2,885	95,734
1981	2,882	73,234
1982	2,853	56,314
1983	2,840	61,966
1984	2,814	84,633
1985	2,762	79,170
1986	2,704	90,690
1987	2,646	136,325
1988	2,649	136,628
1989	2,644	119,861
1990	2,641	154,569
1991	2,637	143,562
1992	2,622	149,709
1993	2,594	103,893
1994	2,547	127,304
1995	2,476	87,028
1996	2,393	98,884
1997	2,332	99,138
1998	2,344	87,730
1999	2,352	64,551
2000	2,346	70,671
2001	2,358	65,032
2002	2,396	65,308
2003	2,448	89,471
2004	2,478	131,974
2005	2,495	144,963
2006	2,459	176,455
2007	2,423	196,232
2008	2,397	216,325
2009	2,358	230,422
2010	2,332	251,066
2011	2,298	259,361
2012	2,255	248,473
2013	2,199	198,830
2014	2,135	206,784
2015	2,064	175,738
2016	1,989	177,139
2017	1,912	145,125
2018	1,873	119,321
2019	1,841	108,342
2020	1,816	-4,272
2021	1,773	30,612
2022	1,772	39,751
2023	1,744	34,589

Maternal mortality chart: Tonga vs United Kingdom

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 67 deaths per 100,000 live births in Tonga, compared to 8 deaths in the United Kingdom.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Tonga	United Kingdom
1985	148	2
1986	149	2
1987	147	3
1988	145	4
1989	139	5
1990	138	6
1991	134	7
1992	129	7
1993	127	8
1994	123	9
1995	117	9
1996	113	8
1997	111	9
1998	104	10
1999	99	11
2000	100	12
2001	98	13
2002	98	13
2003	95	14
2004	92	13
2005	92	12
2006	89	12
2007	88	11
2008	88	11
2009	91	11
2010	85	10
2011	84	10
2012	83	9
2013	80	9
2014	80	9
2015	79	9
2016	78	9
2017	77	9
2018	74	9
2019	73	9
2020	74	14
2021	76	13
2022	72	15
2023	67	8

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.99% in Tonga and 0.45% in the United Kingdom. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Tonga	United Kingdom
1960	-	2.66%
1961	-	2.61%
1962	-	2.56%
1963	7.83%	2.49%
1964	7.35%	2.42%
1965	6.89%	2.34%
1966	6.45%	2.28%
1967	6.03%	2.22%
1968	5.63%	2.18%
1969	5.25%	2.14%
1970	4.91%	2.1%
1971	4.61%	2.06%
1972	4.35%	2%
1973	4.11%	1.94%
1974	3.9%	1.87%
1975	3.71%	1.8%
1976	3.53%	1.72%
1977	3.37%	1.64%
1978	3.22%	1.57%
1979	3.09%	1.49%
1980	2.97%	1.41%
1981	2.87%	1.34%
1982	2.78%	1.27%
1983	2.7%	1.22%
1984	2.63%	1.17%
1985	2.57%	1.14%
1986	2.51%	1.11%
1987	2.44%	1.08%
1988	2.37%	1.04%
1989	2.29%	0.99%
1990	2.21%	0.93%
1991	2.14%	0.87%
1992	2.06%	0.82%
1993	2%	0.77%
1994	1.94%	0.74%
1995	1.89%	0.72%
1996	1.85%	0.7%
1997	1.81%	0.69%
1998	1.78%	0.68%
1999	1.74%	0.67%
2000	1.7%	0.65%
2001	1.65%	0.64%
2002	1.61%	0.63%
2003	1.56%	0.63%
2004	1.52%	0.61%
2005	1.48%	0.6%
2006	1.44%	0.59%
2007	1.41%	0.58%
2008	1.37%	0.56%
2009	1.34%	0.54%
2010	1.31%	0.52%
2011	1.29%	0.5%
2012	1.26%	0.48%
2013	1.24%	0.46%
2014	1.22%	0.45%
2015	1.19%	0.45%
2016	1.17%	0.44%
2017	1.15%	0.44%
2018	1.12%	0.44%
2019	1.1%	0.44%
2020	1.08%	0.44%
2021	1.05%	0.44%
2022	1.02%	0.45%
2023	0.99%	0.45%