Fertility & birth rates in Madagascar and Tonga

Fertility rate in Madagascar vs Tonga by year

Chart Table

Madagascar

Tonga

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Madagascar	Tonga
2023	3.97	3.13
2022	4.04	3.17
2021	4.1	3.2
2020	4.17	3.23
2019	4.22	3.27
2018	4.25	3.33
2017	4.26	3.39
2016	4.29	3.46
2015	4.34	3.54
2014	4.42	3.62
2013	4.53	3.7
2012	4.61	3.77
2011	4.74	3.83
2010	4.9	3.88
2009	5	3.95
2008	5.04	4.01
2007	5.08	4.09
2006	5.13	4.14
2005	5.2	4.2
2004	5.26	4.19
2003	5.33	4.18
2002	5.41	4.14
2001	5.53	4.13
2000	5.67	4.16
1999	5.84	4.23
1998	5.99	4.31
1997	6.02	4.38
1996	6.03	4.46
1995	6.04	4.56
1994	6.04	4.66
1993	6.06	4.73
1992	6.08	4.79
1991	6.12	4.85
1990	6.14	4.93
1989	6.15	5.01
1988	6.18	5.1
1987	6.24	5.19
1986	6.34	5.27
1985	6.46	5.34
1984	6.55	5.41
1983	6.63	5.45
1982	6.7	5.5
1981	6.77	5.55
1980	6.84	5.6
1979	6.87	5.65
1978	6.9	5.68
1977	6.93	5.7
1976	6.95	5.73
1975	6.97	5.75
1974	6.99	5.77
1973	7.01	5.8
1972	7.04	5.86
1971	7.07	5.96
1970	7.1	6.07
1969	7.12	6.17
1968	7.13	6.23
1967	7.14	6.29
1966	7.16	6.35
1965	7.17	6.41
1964	7.19	6.46
1963	7.21	6.52
1962	7.26	6.57
1961	7.3	6.61
1960	7.34	6.65

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Madagascar was 3.97 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.13 in Tonga in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Madagascar vs Tonga population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Madagascar

Tonga

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Madagascar	Tonga
2023	766,391	1,744
2022	753,931	1,772
2021	741,416	1,773
2020	736,607	1,816
2019	735,853	1,841
2018	719,267	1,873
2017	699,498	1,912
2016	682,801	1,989
2015	668,977	2,064
2014	660,837	2,135
2013	654,230	2,199
2012	644,255	2,255
2011	640,577	2,298
2010	641,543	2,332
2009	634,008	2,358
2008	615,580	2,397
2007	597,772	2,423
2006	581,489	2,459
2005	568,143	2,495
2004	556,319	2,478
2003	544,903	2,448
2002	535,518	2,396
2001	529,656	2,358
2000	520,860	2,346
1999	516,976	2,352
1998	508,408	2,344
1997	490,905	2,332
1996	471,453	2,393
1995	450,259	2,476
1994	428,169	2,547
1993	408,801	2,594
1992	388,430	2,622
1991	375,040	2,637
1990	360,621	2,641
1989	344,279	2,644
1988	330,510	2,649
1987	317,621	2,646
1986	307,074	2,704
1985	304,199	2,762
1984	296,892	2,814
1983	290,085	2,840
1982	284,733	2,853
1981	277,535	2,882
1980	275,287	2,885
1979	270,752	2,884
1978	263,684	2,862
1977	255,399	2,822
1976	247,026	2,769
1975	238,774	2,709
1974	230,233	2,650
1973	221,768	2,617
1972	213,138	2,605
1971	204,617	2,611
1970	194,889	2,628
1969	184,562	2,632
1968	175,869	2,614
1967	167,287	2,603
1966	159,483	2,550
1965	152,362	2,498
1964	146,894	2,445
1963	142,666	2,394
1962	139,412	2,343
1961	136,578	2,284
1960	133,684	2,230

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +2.46% in Madagascar and +1.67% in Tonga.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +2.57% in Madagascar and +1.79% in Tonga.

Birth rate in Madagascar vs Tonga by year

Chart Table

Madagascar

Tonga

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Madagascar	Tonga
2023	32.1	23.1
2022	32.5	23.4
2021	32.9	23.5
2020	33.3	23.6
2019	33.6	23.8
2018	33.7	24.1
2017	33.6	24.5
2016	33.6	25.2
2015	33.8	25.8
2014	34.2	26.4
2013	34.7	26.9
2012	35.1	27.3
2011	35.8	27.7
2010	36.7	28
2009	37.4	28.4
2008	37.5	28.7
2007	37.8	29
2006	38	29.5
2005	38.4	30
2004	39	30
2003	39.5	29.9
2002	40.2	29.5
2001	41.1	29.4
2000	42	29.4
1999	43.2	29.6
1998	44.1	29.7
1997	44.4	29.8
1996	44.6	30.6
1995	44.5	31.4
1994	44.2	32.2
1993	44.1	32.7
1992	43.9	33
1991	44.1	33.2
1990	44.1	33.3
1989	43.9	33.4
1988	43.8	33.5
1987	43.8	33.7
1986	44	34.4
1985	44.8	34.9
1984	45.2	35.4
1983	45.5	35.6
1982	45.9	35.8
1981	46.2	36
1980	46.8	36.1
1979	47.2	36.1
1978	47.4	36
1977	47.4	35.7
1976	47.4	35.6
1975	47.4	35.8
1974	47.4	36
1973	47.4	36.5
1972	47.4	37
1971	47.2	37.8
1970	46.8	38.8
1969	46.5	39.6
1968	46.1	40.3
1967	45.9	41
1966	45.7	41.4
1965	45.6	41.9
1964	45.7	42.4
1963	46	42.9
1962	46.5	43.4
1961	47.1	43.9
1960	47.6	44.3

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 32.1 in Madagascar and 23.1 in Tonga, compared with 47.6 and 44.3, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Madagascar

Factual

UN forecast

Tonga

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Madagascar	Tonga
2100	21.5%	17.5%
2099	21.6%	17.6%
2098	21.8%	17.7%
2097	21.9%	17.7%
2096	22.1%	17.9%
2095	22.2%	18%
2094	22.3%	18.1%
2093	22.5%	18.3%
2092	22.6%	18.4%
2091	22.8%	18.6%
2090	22.9%	18.8%
2089	23.1%	19%
2088	23.3%	19.3%
2087	23.4%	19.5%
2086	23.6%	19.7%
2085	23.7%	20%
2084	23.9%	20.2%
2083	24.1%	20.4%
2082	24.3%	20.7%
2081	24.4%	20.9%
2080	24.6%	21.1%
2079	24.8%	21.3%
2078	25%	21.5%
2077	25.2%	21.7%
2076	25.4%	21.9%
2075	25.6%	22%
2074	25.8%	22.2%
2073	26%	22.3%
2072	26.2%	22.4%
2071	26.4%	22.6%
2070	26.6%	22.7%
2069	26.9%	22.8%
2068	27.1%	23%
2067	27.3%	23.2%
2066	27.5%	23.4%
2065	27.7%	23.6%
2064	28%	23.8%
2063	28.2%	24.1%
2062	28.4%	24.4%
2061	28.7%	24.7%
2060	28.9%	25%
2059	29.1%	25.4%
2058	29.4%	25.8%
2057	29.6%	26.2%
2056	29.9%	26.6%
2055	30.1%	27%
2054	30.4%	27.4%
2053	30.6%	27.8%
2052	30.9%	28.2%
2051	31.2%	28.5%
2050	31.4%	28.9%
2049	31.7%	29.1%
2048	32%	29.4%
2047	32.3%	29.6%
2046	32.6%	29.7%
2045	32.9%	29.8%
2044	33.2%	29.9%
2043	33.5%	30%
2042	33.8%	30.1%
2041	34.1%	30.1%
2040	34.5%	30.2%
2039	34.8%	30.2%
2038	35.1%	30.3%
2037	35.5%	30.4%
2036	35.8%	30.6%
2035	36.2%	30.7%
2034	36.5%	30.9%
2033	36.9%	31.1%
2032	37.2%	31.4%
2031	37.4%	31.8%
2030	37.7%	32.3%
2029	38%	33%
2028	38.2%	33.6%
2027	38.5%	34.1%
2026	38.8%	34.6%
2025	39.1%	35.2%
2024	39.3%	35.4%
2023	39.6%	35.6%
2022	39.9%	35.6%
2021	40.1%	35.7%
2020	40.4%	35.8%
2019	40.7%	36%
2018	40.9%	36.2%
2017	41.2%	36.4%
2016	41.6%	36.5%
2015	42%	36.7%
2014	42.4%	36.9%
2013	42.8%	37.1%
2012	43.3%	37.2%
2011	43.7%	37.4%
2010	44%	37.6%
2009	44.3%	37.8%
2008	44.6%	38%
2007	44.8%	38.3%
2006	45%	38.3%
2005	45.2%	38.3%
2004	45.3%	38.2%
2003	45.4%	38.1%
2002	45.4%	38.1%
2001	45.4%	38.2%
2000	45.4%	38.3%
1999	45.4%	38.6%
1998	45.4%	38.9%
1997	45.3%	39.3%
1996	45.3%	39.7%
1995	45.3%	39.9%
1994	45.4%	40.1%
1993	45.5%	40.3%
1992	45.6%	40.5%
1991	45.7%	40.6%
1990	45.9%	40.8%
1989	46.1%	40.9%
1988	46.3%	41.2%
1987	46.5%	41.5%
1986	46.7%	41.7%
1985	46.8%	42%
1984	46.9%	42.4%
1983	47%	42.9%
1982	47.1%	43.4%
1981	47.1%	43.9%
1980	47%	44.3%
1979	46.9%	44.8%
1978	46.8%	45.3%
1977	46.7%	45.8%
1976	46.6%	46.1%
1975	46.5%	46.2%
1974	46.5%	46.2%
1973	46.4%	46.2%
1972	46.4%	46.3%
1971	46.4%	46.4%
1970	46.4%	46.4%
1969	46.4%	46.3%
1968	46.5%	46.2%
1967	46.5%	46%
1966	46.6%	45.9%
1965	46.7%	45.9%
1964	46.8%	45.9%
1963	46.7%	45.9%
1962	46.3%	45.8%
1961	45.8%	45.7%
1960	45.2%	45.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 39.3% of the population in Madagascar and 35.4% in Tonga in 2024, compared to 45.9% and 40.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Madagascar and Tonga compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Madagascar vs Tonga

Chart Table

Madagascar

Tonga

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Madagascar	Tonga
2023	445	67
2022	439	72
2021	467	76
2020	447	74
2019	462	73
2018	466	74
2017	469	77
2016	470	78
2015	474	79
2014	477	80
2013	481	80
2012	487	83
2011	492	84
2010	500	85
2009	507	91
2008	510	88
2007	522	88
2006	528	89
2005	540	92
2004	555	92
2003	571	95
2002	593	98
2001	611	98
2000	638	100
1999	647	99
1998	663	104
1997	676	111
1996	680	113
1995	684	117
1994	688	123
1993	688	127
1992	699	129
1991	691	134
1990	692	138
1989	684	139
1988	687	145
1987	702	147
1986	730	149
1985	751	148

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 445 deaths per 100,000 live births in Madagascar, compared to 67 deaths in Tonga.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Madagascar

Tonga

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Madagascar	Tonga
2023	6.48%	0.99%
2022	6.57%	1.02%
2021	6.62%	1.05%
2020	6.63%	1.08%
2019	6.61%	1.1%
2018	6.58%	1.12%
2017	6.57%	1.15%
2016	6.57%	1.17%
2015	6.58%	1.19%
2014	6.62%	1.22%
2013	6.69%	1.24%
2012	6.77%	1.26%
2011	6.9%	1.29%
2010	7.07%	1.31%
2009	7.28%	1.34%
2008	7.53%	1.37%
2007	7.81%	1.41%
2006	8.12%	1.44%
2005	8.46%	1.48%
2004	8.82%	1.52%
2003	9.2%	1.56%
2002	9.6%	1.61%
2001	10%	1.65%
2000	10.5%	1.7%
1999	11%	1.74%
1998	11.5%	1.78%
1997	12%	1.81%
1996	12.6%	1.85%
1995	13.1%	1.89%
1994	13.5%	1.94%
1993	14%	2%
1992	14.5%	2.06%
1991	15%	2.14%
1990	15.6%	2.21%
1989	16.1%	2.29%
1988	16.6%	2.37%
1987	17.1%	2.44%
1986	17.5%	2.51%
1985	17.7%	2.57%
1984	17.8%	2.63%
1983	17.8%	2.7%
1982	17.6%	2.78%
1981	17.4%	2.87%
1980	17.1%	2.97%
1979	16.9%	3.09%
1978	16.7%	3.22%
1977	16.5%	3.37%
1976	16.3%	3.53%
1975	16.1%	3.71%
1974	15.8%	3.9%
1973	15.6%	4.11%
1972	15.3%	4.35%
1971	15.1%	4.61%
1970	14.9%	4.91%
1969	14.7%	5.25%
1968	14.6%	5.63%
1967	-	6.03%
1966	-	6.45%
1965	-	6.89%
1964	-	7.35%
1963	-	7.83%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 6.48% in Madagascar and 0.99% in Tonga. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.