Fertility & birth rates in Nicaragua and Tonga

Fertility rate in Nicaragua vs Tonga by year

Chart Table

Nicaragua

Tonga

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Nicaragua	Tonga
2023	2.22	3.13
2022	2.24	3.17
2021	2.27	3.2
2020	2.3	3.23
2019	2.32	3.27
2018	2.35	3.33
2017	2.38	3.39
2016	2.41	3.46
2015	2.43	3.54
2014	2.46	3.62
2013	2.49	3.7
2012	2.53	3.77
2011	2.56	3.83
2010	2.6	3.88
2009	2.63	3.95
2008	2.66	4.01
2007	2.7	4.09
2006	2.73	4.14
2005	2.77	4.2
2004	2.78	4.19
2003	2.83	4.18
2002	2.89	4.14
2001	3	4.13
2000	3.12	4.16
1999	3.22	4.23
1998	3.34	4.31
1997	3.47	4.38
1996	3.62	4.46
1995	3.78	4.56
1994	3.94	4.66
1993	4.1	4.73
1992	4.27	4.79
1991	4.43	4.85
1990	4.6	4.93
1989	4.76	5.01
1988	4.93	5.1
1987	5.07	5.19
1986	5.22	5.27
1985	5.36	5.34
1984	5.49	5.41
1983	5.61	5.45
1982	5.74	5.5
1981	5.84	5.55
1980	5.96	5.6
1979	6.07	5.65
1978	6.16	5.68
1977	6.28	5.7
1976	6.37	5.73
1975	6.45	5.75
1974	6.52	5.77
1973	6.59	5.8
1972	6.65	5.86
1971	6.71	5.96
1970	6.77	6.07
1969	6.83	6.17
1968	6.89	6.23
1967	6.94	6.29
1966	6.99	6.35
1965	7.03	6.41
1964	7.06	6.46
1963	7.08	6.52
1962	7.1	6.57
1961	7.11	6.61
1960	7.16	6.65

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Nicaragua was 2.22 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.13 in Tonga in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Nicaragua vs Tonga population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Nicaragua

Tonga

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Nicaragua	Tonga
2023	100,921	1,744
2022	100,987	1,772
2021	89,213	1,773
2020	90,515	1,816
2019	102,817	1,841
2018	104,814	1,873
2017	105,468	1,912
2016	106,585	1,989
2015	107,344	2,064
2014	108,420	2,135
2013	109,032	2,199
2012	110,065	2,255
2011	110,026	2,298
2010	110,475	2,332
2009	110,213	2,358
2008	110,395	2,397
2007	110,341	2,423
2006	110,073	2,459
2005	108,984	2,495
2004	106,904	2,478
2003	106,142	2,448
2002	105,805	2,396
2001	107,109	2,358
2000	109,192	2,346
1999	110,217	2,352
1998	108,862	2,344
1997	114,415	2,332
1996	116,849	2,393
1995	118,325	2,476
1994	119,565	2,547
1993	120,469	2,594
1992	121,204	2,622
1991	121,787	2,637
1990	120,677	2,641
1989	120,128	2,644
1988	117,299	2,649
1987	112,885	2,646
1986	113,054	2,704
1985	110,949	2,762
1984	110,133	2,814
1983	110,618	2,840
1982	112,468	2,853
1981	110,421	2,882
1980	108,604	2,885
1979	96,429	2,884
1978	98,419	2,862
1977	100,498	2,822
1976	98,100	2,769
1975	95,230	2,709
1974	92,505	2,650
1973	89,662	2,617
1972	76,906	2,605
1971	84,139	2,611
1970	81,127	2,628
1969	78,237	2,632
1968	75,458	2,614
1967	72,722	2,603
1966	69,883	2,550
1965	67,056	2,498
1964	64,227	2,445
1963	61,738	2,394
1962	59,547	2,343
1961	57,499	2,284
1960	55,664	2,230

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +1.48% in Nicaragua and +1.67% in Tonga.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +1.58% in Nicaragua and +1.79% in Tonga.

Birth rate in Nicaragua vs Tonga by year

Chart Table

Nicaragua

Tonga

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Nicaragua	Tonga
2023	19.4	23.1
2022	19.7	23.4
2021	20	23.5
2020	20.5	23.6
2019	20.8	23.8
2018	21.2	24.1
2017	21.6	24.5
2016	22.1	25.2
2015	22.4	25.8
2014	22.8	26.4
2013	23.2	26.9
2012	23.6	27.3
2011	24	27.7
2010	24.3	28
2009	24.6	28.4
2008	24.9	28.7
2007	25.2	29
2006	25.4	29.5
2005	25.6	30
2004	25.7	30
2003	25.9	29.9
2002	26.3	29.5
2001	27	29.4
2000	27.9	29.4
1999	28.5	29.6
1998	29.2	29.7
1997	30	29.8
1996	31	30.6
1995	31.9	31.4
1994	32.9	32.2
1993	33.9	32.7
1992	34.9	33
1991	35.8	33.2
1990	36.6	33.3
1989	37.5	33.4
1988	38.4	33.5
1987	39.1	33.7
1986	39.8	34.4
1985	40.6	34.9
1984	41.3	35.4
1983	42.1	35.6
1982	42.8	35.8
1981	43.4	36
1980	44.1	36.1
1979	44.6	36.1
1978	44.9	36
1977	45.3	35.7
1976	45.6	35.6
1975	45.9	35.8
1974	46.2	36
1973	46.4	36.5
1972	46.7	37
1971	46.8	37.8
1970	46.8	38.8
1969	47	39.6
1968	47.2	40.3
1967	47.4	41
1966	47.6	41.4
1965	47.9	41.9
1964	48.2	42.4
1963	48.5	42.9
1962	48.9	43.4
1961	49.3	43.9
1960	50	44.3

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 19.4 in Nicaragua and 23.1 in Tonga, compared with 50 and 44.3, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Nicaragua

Factual

UN forecast

Tonga

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Nicaragua	Tonga
2100	14.2%	17.5%
2099	14.3%	17.6%
2098	14.3%	17.7%
2097	14.4%	17.7%
2096	14.4%	17.9%
2095	14.5%	18%
2094	14.5%	18.1%
2093	14.6%	18.3%
2092	14.7%	18.4%
2091	14.7%	18.6%
2090	14.8%	18.8%
2089	14.9%	19%
2088	14.9%	19.3%
2087	15%	19.5%
2086	15.1%	19.7%
2085	15.2%	20%
2084	15.2%	20.2%
2083	15.3%	20.4%
2082	15.4%	20.7%
2081	15.5%	20.9%
2080	15.6%	21.1%
2079	15.7%	21.3%
2078	15.8%	21.5%
2077	15.9%	21.7%
2076	16%	21.9%
2075	16.1%	22%
2074	16.2%	22.2%
2073	16.3%	22.3%
2072	16.4%	22.4%
2071	16.5%	22.6%
2070	16.7%	22.7%
2069	16.8%	22.8%
2068	16.9%	23%
2067	17.1%	23.2%
2066	17.2%	23.4%
2065	17.4%	23.6%
2064	17.6%	23.8%
2063	17.7%	24.1%
2062	17.9%	24.4%
2061	18.1%	24.7%
2060	18.2%	25%
2059	18.4%	25.4%
2058	18.6%	25.8%
2057	18.8%	26.2%
2056	19%	26.6%
2055	19.2%	27%
2054	19.4%	27.4%
2053	19.7%	27.8%
2052	19.9%	28.2%
2051	20.1%	28.5%
2050	20.3%	28.9%
2049	20.6%	29.1%
2048	20.8%	29.4%
2047	21.1%	29.6%
2046	21.3%	29.7%
2045	21.6%	29.8%
2044	21.8%	29.9%
2043	22.1%	30%
2042	22.4%	30.1%
2041	22.7%	30.1%
2040	23%	30.2%
2039	23.3%	30.2%
2038	23.6%	30.3%
2037	23.9%	30.4%
2036	24.2%	30.6%
2035	24.5%	30.7%
2034	24.9%	30.9%
2033	25.2%	31.1%
2032	25.6%	31.4%
2031	26%	31.8%
2030	26.4%	32.3%
2029	26.8%	33%
2028	27.2%	33.6%
2027	27.7%	34.1%
2026	28.1%	34.6%
2025	28.5%	35.2%
2024	28.8%	35.4%
2023	29.2%	35.6%
2022	29.6%	35.6%
2021	30.1%	35.7%
2020	30.4%	35.8%
2019	30.8%	36%
2018	31.1%	36.2%
2017	31.5%	36.4%
2016	31.8%	36.5%
2015	32.2%	36.7%
2014	32.6%	36.9%
2013	32.9%	37.1%
2012	33.3%	37.2%
2011	33.8%	37.4%
2010	34.2%	37.6%
2009	34.7%	37.8%
2008	35.2%	38%
2007	35.7%	38.3%
2006	36.2%	38.3%
2005	36.8%	38.3%
2004	37.5%	38.2%
2003	38.2%	38.1%
2002	38.9%	38.1%
2001	39.6%	38.2%
2000	40.3%	38.3%
1999	41%	38.6%
1998	41.7%	38.9%
1997	42.4%	39.3%
1996	43.1%	39.7%
1995	43.7%	39.9%
1994	44.3%	40.1%
1993	44.8%	40.3%
1992	45.2%	40.5%
1991	45.7%	40.6%
1990	46.1%	40.8%
1989	46.4%	40.9%
1988	46.7%	41.2%
1987	46.9%	41.5%
1986	47%	41.7%
1985	47.1%	42%
1984	47.2%	42.4%
1983	47.2%	42.9%
1982	47.3%	43.4%
1981	47.3%	43.9%
1980	47.3%	44.3%
1979	47.3%	44.8%
1978	47.3%	45.3%
1977	47.2%	45.8%
1976	47.3%	46.1%
1975	47.3%	46.2%
1974	47.3%	46.2%
1973	47.4%	46.2%
1972	47.4%	46.3%
1971	47.5%	46.4%
1970	47.5%	46.4%
1969	47.6%	46.3%
1968	47.7%	46.2%
1967	47.8%	46%
1966	47.9%	45.9%
1965	48.1%	45.9%
1964	48.2%	45.9%
1963	48.2%	45.9%
1962	48%	45.8%
1961	47.8%	45.7%
1960	47.6%	45.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 28.8% of the population in Nicaragua and 35.4% in Tonga in 2024, compared to 46.1% and 40.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Nicaragua and Tonga compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Nicaragua vs Tonga

Chart Table

Nicaragua

Tonga

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Nicaragua	Tonga
2023	60	67
2022	61	72
2021	124	76
2020	87	74
2019	69	73
2018	67	74
2017	72	77
2016	77	78
2015	81	79
2014	83	80
2013	86	80
2012	88	83
2011	93	84
2010	96	85
2009	99	91
2008	101	88
2007	106	88
2006	113	89
2005	124	92
2004	140	92
2003	154	95
2002	170	98
2001	194	98
2000	213	100
1999	228	99
1998	239	104
1997	236	111
1996	244	113
1995	251	117
1994	256	123
1993	265	127
1992	272	129
1991	273	134
1990	281	138
1989	286	139
1988	301	145
1987	316	147
1986	313	149
1985	319	148

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 60 deaths per 100,000 live births in Nicaragua, compared to 67 deaths in Tonga.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Nicaragua

Tonga

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Nicaragua	Tonga
2023	1.34%	0.99%
2022	1.39%	1.02%
2021	1.45%	1.05%
2020	1.51%	1.08%
2019	1.57%	1.1%
2018	1.64%	1.12%
2017	1.71%	1.15%
2016	1.78%	1.17%
2015	1.86%	1.19%
2014	1.94%	1.22%
2013	2.03%	1.24%
2012	2.13%	1.26%
2011	2.22%	1.29%
2010	2.33%	1.31%
2009	2.44%	1.34%
2008	2.55%	1.37%
2007	2.68%	1.41%
2006	2.81%	1.44%
2005	2.95%	1.48%
2004	3.1%	1.52%
2003	3.26%	1.56%
2002	3.43%	1.61%
2001	3.62%	1.65%
2000	3.82%	1.7%
1999	4.04%	1.74%
1998	5.01%	1.78%
1997	4.54%	1.81%
1996	4.81%	1.85%
1995	5.09%	1.89%
1994	5.39%	1.94%
1993	5.69%	2%
1992	6%	2.06%
1991	6.31%	2.14%
1990	6.62%	2.21%
1989	6.92%	2.29%
1988	7.22%	2.37%
1987	7.53%	2.44%
1986	7.85%	2.51%
1985	8.21%	2.57%
1984	8.62%	2.63%
1983	9.07%	2.7%
1982	9.58%	2.78%
1981	10.2%	2.87%
1980	10.8%	2.97%
1979	11.5%	3.09%
1978	12.2%	3.22%
1977	12.9%	3.37%
1976	13.7%	3.53%
1975	14.4%	3.71%
1974	15%	3.9%
1973	15.6%	4.11%
1972	18.7%	4.35%
1971	16.6%	4.61%
1970	17.1%	4.91%
1969	17.4%	5.25%
1968	17.8%	5.63%
1967	18.1%	6.03%
1966	18.4%	6.45%
1965	18.7%	6.89%
1964	19%	7.35%
1963	19.2%	7.83%
1962	19.4%	-
1961	19.6%	-
1960	19.8%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.34% in Nicaragua and 0.99% in Tonga. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.