Fertility & birth rates in Eswatini and Madagascar

Fertility rate in Eswatini vs Madagascar chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Eswatini was 2.75 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.97 in Madagascar in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Eswatini vs Madagascar population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Eswatini	Madagascar
1960	6.75	7.34
1961	6.77	7.3
1962	6.79	7.26
1963	6.8	7.21
1964	6.79	7.19
1965	6.79	7.17
1966	6.8	7.16
1967	6.77	7.14
1968	6.76	7.13
1969	6.76	7.12
1970	6.75	7.1
1971	6.74	7.07
1972	6.72	7.04
1973	6.72	7.01
1974	6.71	6.99
1975	6.71	6.97
1976	6.7	6.95
1977	6.68	6.93
1978	6.65	6.9
1979	6.61	6.87
1980	6.57	6.84
1981	6.54	6.77
1982	6.49	6.7
1983	6.43	6.63
1984	6.36	6.55
1985	6.28	6.46
1986	6.11	6.34
1987	5.9	6.24
1988	5.69	6.18
1989	5.48	6.15
1990	5.3	6.14
1991	5.13	6.12
1992	4.98	6.08
1993	4.82	6.06
1994	4.66	6.04
1995	4.52	6.04
1996	4.38	6.03
1997	4.24	6.02
1998	4.13	5.99
1999	4.09	5.84
2000	4.03	5.67
2001	3.94	5.53
2002	3.85	5.41
2003	3.8	5.33
2004	3.76	5.26
2005	3.7	5.2
2006	3.63	5.13
2007	3.58	5.08
2008	3.57	5.04
2009	3.5	5
2010	3.38	4.9
2011	3.32	4.74
2012	3.27	4.61
2013	3.24	4.53
2014	3.18	4.42
2015	3.12	4.34
2016	3.07	4.29
2017	3.02	4.26
2018	2.97	4.25
2019	2.93	4.22
2020	2.89	4.17
2021	2.84	4.1
2022	2.8	4.04
2023	2.75	3.97
2024	2.72	3.91
2025	2.68	3.84
2026	2.64	3.78
2027	2.61	3.72
2028	2.57	3.66
2029	2.54	3.61
2030	2.51	3.56
2031	2.49	3.51
2032	2.45	3.46
2033	2.42	3.41
2034	2.4	3.36
2035	2.37	3.32
2036	2.35	3.28
2037	2.32	3.24
2038	2.3	3.2
2039	2.28	3.16
2040	2.26	3.12
2041	2.24	3.09
2042	2.22	3.05
2043	2.2	3.02
2044	2.18	2.99
2045	2.16	2.95
2046	2.14	2.92
2047	2.13	2.9
2048	2.11	2.87
2049	2.1	2.84
2050	2.08	2.82

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Eswatini	Madagascar
1960	46.9%	45.2%
1961	47.2%	45.8%
1962	47.4%	46.3%
1963	47.7%	46.7%
1964	47.8%	46.8%
1965	47.7%	46.7%
1966	47.7%	46.6%
1967	47.5%	46.5%
1968	47.3%	46.5%
1969	47.2%	46.4%
1970	47.2%	46.4%
1971	47.2%	46.4%
1972	47.3%	46.4%
1973	47.4%	46.4%
1974	47.5%	46.5%
1975	47.7%	46.5%
1976	47.9%	46.6%
1977	48.1%	46.7%
1978	48.3%	46.8%
1979	48.5%	46.9%
1980	48.7%	47%
1981	48.9%	47.1%
1982	49.2%	47.1%
1983	49.3%	47%
1984	49.4%	46.9%
1985	49.5%	46.8%
1986	49.4%	46.7%
1987	49.3%	46.5%
1988	48.7%	46.3%
1989	48.1%	46.1%
1990	47.6%	45.9%
1991	47.1%	45.7%
1992	46.6%	45.6%
1993	46.4%	45.5%
1994	47%	45.4%
1995	47.4%	45.3%
1996	46.9%	45.3%
1997	46.2%	45.3%
1998	45.3%	45.4%
1999	44.4%	45.4%
2000	43.6%	45.4%
2001	42.9%	45.4%
2002	42.3%	45.4%
2003	41.8%	45.4%
2004	41.4%	45.3%
2005	41.1%	45.2%
2006	40.8%	45%
2007	40.4%	44.8%
2008	39.9%	44.6%
2009	39.3%	44.3%
2010	38.8%	44%
2011	38.4%	43.7%
2012	38%	43.3%
2013	37.6%	42.8%
2014	37.2%	42.4%
2015	36.8%	42%
2016	36.4%	41.6%
2017	36%	41.2%
2018	35.6%	40.9%
2019	35.1%	40.7%
2020	34.7%	40.4%
2021	34.3%	40.1%
2022	34%	39.9%
2023	33.7%	39.6%
2024	33.4%	39.3%
2025	33%	38.9%
2026	32.6%	38.6%
2027	32.2%	38.4%
2028	31.8%	38.1%
2029	31.4%	37.8%
2030	31%	37.6%
2031	30.7%	37.3%
2032	30.3%	37%
2033	29.9%	36.7%
2034	29.5%	36.4%
2035	29.1%	36%
2036	28.7%	35.7%
2037	28.4%	35.3%
2038	28%	35%
2039	27.7%	34.6%
2040	27.4%	34.3%
2041	27.1%	34%
2042	26.8%	33.6%
2043	26.5%	33.3%
2044	26.2%	33%
2045	26%	32.7%
2046	25.7%	32.4%
2047	25.4%	32.1%
2048	25.1%	31.8%
2049	24.9%	31.6%
2050	24.6%	31.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 33.4% of the population in Eswatini and 39.3% in Madagascar in 2024, compared to 47.6% and 45.9% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Eswatini and Madagascar compared.

Natural population change in Eswatini vs Madagascar by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.63% in Eswatini and +2.57% in Madagascar. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Eswatini	Madagascar
1960	9,947	133,684
1961	10,262	136,578
1962	10,601	139,412
1963	10,929	142,666
1964	11,266	146,894
1965	11,719	152,362
1966	12,282	159,483
1967	12,773	167,287
1968	13,449	175,869
1969	14,164	184,562
1970	14,873	194,889
1971	15,615	204,617
1972	16,353	213,138
1973	17,145	221,768
1974	17,971	230,233
1975	18,849	238,774
1976	19,734	247,026
1977	20,609	255,399
1978	21,466	263,684
1979	22,299	270,752
1980	23,153	275,287
1981	23,973	277,535
1982	24,742	284,733
1983	24,883	290,085
1984	26,149	296,892
1985	26,835	304,199
1986	27,096	307,074
1987	27,285	317,621
1988	27,396	330,510
1989	28,257	344,279
1990	28,349	360,621
1991	28,497	375,040
1992	28,446	388,430
1993	28,046	408,801
1994	26,703	428,169
1995	23,029	450,259
1996	21,858	471,453
1997	20,686	490,905
1998	19,762	508,408
1999	19,420	516,976
2000	18,830	520,860
2001	17,824	529,656
2002	16,924	535,518
2003	16,396	544,903
2004	15,979	556,319
2005	15,945	568,143
2006	16,133	581,489
2007	16,595	597,772
2008	17,275	615,580
2009	17,656	634,008
2010	17,652	641,543
2011	17,645	640,577
2012	18,308	644,255
2013	18,903	654,230
2014	19,107	660,837
2015	19,223	668,977
2016	19,233	682,801
2017	19,278	699,498
2018	19,392	719,267
2019	19,488	735,853
2020	18,899	736,607
2021	17,314	741,416
2022	20,125	753,931
2023	20,147	766,391

Maternal mortality chart: Eswatini vs Madagascar

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 118 deaths per 100,000 live births in Eswatini, compared to 445 deaths in Madagascar.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Eswatini	Madagascar
1985	580	751
1986	548	730
1987	521	702
1988	494	687
1989	505	684
1990	520	692
1991	545	691
1992	580	699
1993	609	688
1994	645	688
1995	612	684
1996	604	680
1997	550	676
1998	475	663
1999	409	647
2000	361	638
2001	307	611
2002	331	593
2003	392	571
2004	451	555
2005	529	540
2006	511	528
2007	647	522
2008	766	510
2009	855	507
2010	752	500
2011	765	492
2012	613	487
2013	491	481
2014	369	477
2015	283	474
2016	213	470
2017	151	469
2018	133	466
2019	96	462
2020	102	447
2021	219	467
2022	112	439
2023	118	445

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.5% in Eswatini and 6.48% in Madagascar. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Eswatini	Madagascar
1960	20.7%	-
1961	20.4%	-
1962	20%	-
1963	19.6%	-
1964	19.2%	-
1965	18.8%	-
1966	18.3%	-
1967	17.9%	-
1968	17.4%	14.6%
1969	17%	14.7%
1970	16.5%	14.9%
1971	16%	15.1%
1972	15.4%	15.3%
1973	14.9%	15.6%
1974	14.3%	15.8%
1975	13.7%	16.1%
1976	13.2%	16.3%
1977	12.6%	16.5%
1978	12%	16.7%
1979	11.5%	16.9%
1980	10.9%	17.1%
1981	10.4%	17.4%
1982	9.89%	17.6%
1983	10.4%	17.8%
1984	8.85%	17.8%
1985	8.37%	17.7%
1986	7.93%	17.5%
1987	7.54%	17.1%
1988	7.2%	16.6%
1989	6.93%	16.1%
1990	6.75%	15.6%
1991	6.72%	15%
1992	6.85%	14.5%
1993	7.17%	14%
1994	7.62%	13.5%
1995	8.12%	13.1%
1996	8.71%	12.6%
1997	9.3%	12%
1998	9.87%	11.5%
1999	10.4%	11%
2000	10.9%	10.5%
2001	11.3%	10%
2002	11.4%	9.6%
2003	11.6%	9.2%
2004	11.6%	8.82%
2005	11.6%	8.46%
2006	10.5%	8.12%
2007	10%	7.81%
2008	9.82%	7.53%
2009	9.25%	7.28%
2010	8.18%	7.07%
2011	6.81%	6.9%
2012	6.38%	6.77%
2013	6.16%	6.69%
2014	6.17%	6.62%
2015	5.86%	6.58%
2016	5.53%	6.57%
2017	5.43%	6.57%
2018	5.1%	6.58%
2019	5.16%	6.61%
2020	4.98%	6.63%
2021	4.76%	6.62%
2022	4.62%	6.57%
2023	4.5%	6.48%