Fertility & birth rates in Madagascar and Zambia

Fertility rate in Madagascar vs Zambia chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Madagascar was 3.97 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.1 in Zambia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Madagascar vs Zambia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Madagascar	Zambia
1960	7.34	6.95
1961	7.3	6.98
1962	7.26	7.01
1963	7.21	7.06
1964	7.19	7.09
1965	7.17	7.12
1966	7.16	7.14
1967	7.14	7.15
1968	7.13	7.18
1969	7.12	7.18
1970	7.1	7.22
1971	7.07	7.26
1972	7.04	7.3
1973	7.01	7.34
1974	6.99	7.36
1975	6.97	7.42
1976	6.95	7.39
1977	6.93	7.35
1978	6.9	7.29
1979	6.87	7.22
1980	6.84	7.14
1981	6.77	7.07
1982	6.7	7.04
1983	6.63	7.01
1984	6.55	6.97
1985	6.46	6.93
1986	6.34	6.87
1987	6.24	6.8
1988	6.18	6.7
1989	6.15	6.64
1990	6.14	6.57
1991	6.12	6.46
1992	6.08	6.35
1993	6.06	6.3
1994	6.04	6.26
1995	6.04	6.23
1996	6.03	6.18
1997	6.02	6.12
1998	5.99	6.07
1999	5.84	6
2000	5.67	5.92
2001	5.53	5.85
2002	5.41	5.77
2003	5.33	5.71
2004	5.26	5.7
2005	5.2	5.7
2006	5.13	5.68
2007	5.08	5.61
2008	5.04	5.53
2009	5	5.45
2010	4.9	5.36
2011	4.74	5.26
2012	4.61	5.14
2013	4.53	5.01
2014	4.42	4.89
2015	4.34	4.78
2016	4.29	4.67
2017	4.26	4.57
2018	4.25	4.49
2019	4.22	4.42
2020	4.17	4.32
2021	4.1	4.25
2022	4.04	4.18
2023	3.97	4.1
2024	3.91	4.04
2025	3.84	3.97
2026	3.78	3.91
2027	3.72	3.85
2028	3.66	3.77
2029	3.61	3.72
2030	3.56	3.67
2031	3.51	3.61
2032	3.46	3.56
2033	3.41	3.5
2034	3.36	3.45
2035	3.32	3.4
2036	3.28	3.35
2037	3.24	3.3
2038	3.2	3.25
2039	3.16	3.19
2040	3.12	3.15
2041	3.09	3.11
2042	3.05	3.07
2043	3.02	3.03
2044	2.99	3
2045	2.95	2.96
2046	2.92	2.93
2047	2.9	2.9
2048	2.87	2.87
2049	2.84	2.84
2050	2.82	2.81

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Madagascar	Zambia
1960	45.2%	46%
1961	45.8%	46.2%
1962	46.3%	46.3%
1963	46.7%	46.5%
1964	46.8%	46.7%
1965	46.7%	46.9%
1966	46.6%	46.9%
1967	46.5%	47%
1968	46.5%	47.1%
1969	46.4%	47.2%
1970	46.4%	47.4%
1971	46.4%	47.7%
1972	46.4%	48%
1973	46.4%	48.3%
1974	46.5%	48.6%
1975	46.5%	48.8%
1976	46.6%	49.1%
1977	46.7%	49.2%
1978	46.8%	49.4%
1979	46.9%	49.5%
1980	47%	49.5%
1981	47.1%	49.4%
1982	47.1%	49.3%
1983	47%	49.1%
1984	46.9%	49%
1985	46.8%	48.9%
1986	46.7%	48.8%
1987	46.5%	48.7%
1988	46.3%	48.6%
1989	46.1%	48.5%
1990	45.9%	48.4%
1991	45.7%	48.3%
1992	45.6%	48.2%
1993	45.5%	48.2%
1994	45.4%	48.2%
1995	45.3%	48.2%
1996	45.3%	48.2%
1997	45.3%	48.2%
1998	45.4%	48.2%
1999	45.4%	48.1%
2000	45.4%	48%
2001	45.4%	47.8%
2002	45.4%	47.6%
2003	45.4%	47.4%
2004	45.3%	47.3%
2005	45.2%	47.1%
2006	45%	47%
2007	44.8%	46.8%
2008	44.6%	46.6%
2009	44.3%	46.4%
2010	44%	46.3%
2011	43.7%	46.1%
2012	43.3%	45.9%
2013	42.8%	45.7%
2014	42.4%	45.5%
2015	42%	45.2%
2016	41.6%	44.9%
2017	41.2%	44.5%
2018	40.9%	44.1%
2019	40.7%	43.8%
2020	40.4%	43.3%
2021	40.1%	42.9%
2022	39.9%	42.4%
2023	39.6%	42%
2024	39.3%	41.5%
2025	38.9%	41%
2026	38.6%	40.5%
2027	38.4%	40%
2028	38.1%	39.6%
2029	37.8%	39.2%
2030	37.6%	38.8%
2031	37.3%	38.5%
2032	37%	38.1%
2033	36.7%	37.8%
2034	36.4%	37.5%
2035	36%	37.1%
2036	35.7%	36.8%
2037	35.3%	36.5%
2038	35%	36.1%
2039	34.6%	35.8%
2040	34.3%	35.4%
2041	34%	35.1%
2042	33.6%	34.7%
2043	33.3%	34.4%
2044	33%	34%
2045	32.7%	33.7%
2046	32.4%	33.3%
2047	32.1%	33%
2048	31.8%	32.6%
2049	31.6%	32.3%
2050	31.3%	32%

Children aged 0-14 make up 39.3% of the population in Madagascar and 41.5% in Zambia in 2024, compared to 45.9% and 48.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Madagascar and Zambia compared.

Natural population change in Madagascar vs Zambia by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.57% in Madagascar and +2.87% in Zambia. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Madagascar	Zambia
1960	133,684	102,335
1961	136,578	106,318
1962	139,412	110,173
1963	142,666	114,555
1964	146,894	117,197
1965	152,362	122,814
1966	159,483	127,164
1967	167,287	131,938
1968	175,869	137,315
1969	184,562	142,660
1970	194,889	149,380
1971	204,617	155,249
1972	213,138	161,648
1973	221,768	168,258
1974	230,233	174,484
1975	238,774	182,258
1976	247,026	186,762
1977	255,399	191,557
1978	263,684	194,933
1979	270,752	197,578
1980	275,287	198,817
1981	277,535	202,822
1982	284,733	207,621
1983	290,085	212,712
1984	296,892	216,695
1985	304,199	221,351
1986	307,074	224,768
1987	317,621	227,813
1988	330,510	230,118
1989	344,279	233,429
1990	360,621	235,835
1991	375,040	237,957
1992	388,430	239,953
1993	408,801	245,917
1994	428,169	252,023
1995	450,259	257,897
1996	471,453	262,468
1997	490,905	268,198
1998	508,408	275,568
1999	516,976	283,297
2000	520,860	293,186
2001	529,656	302,682
2002	535,518	316,041
2003	544,903	331,189
2004	556,319	349,352
2005	568,143	368,756
2006	581,489	387,891
2007	597,772	403,729
2008	615,580	419,560
2009	634,008	434,458
2010	641,543	448,337
2011	640,577	459,743
2012	644,255	469,406
2013	654,230	476,846
2014	660,837	483,663
2015	668,977	491,021
2016	682,801	497,521
2017	699,498	504,630
2018	719,267	515,644
2019	735,853	528,089
2020	736,607	536,484
2021	741,416	535,629
2022	753,931	563,456
2023	766,391	577,660

Maternal mortality chart: Madagascar vs Zambia

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 445 deaths per 100,000 live births in Madagascar, compared to 85 deaths in Zambia.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Madagascar	Zambia
1985	751	596
1986	730	619
1987	702	630
1988	687	635
1989	684	635
1990	692	625
1991	691	611
1992	699	581
1993	688	532
1994	688	507
1995	684	466
1996	680	433
1997	676	403
1998	663	392
1999	647	378
2000	638	340
2001	611	306
2002	593	274
2003	571	250
2004	555	260
2005	540	264
2006	528	262
2007	522	324
2008	510	394
2009	507	406
2010	500	332
2011	492	291
2012	487	256
2013	481	213
2014	477	174
2015	474	154
2016	470	158
2017	469	141
2018	466	117
2019	462	103
2020	447	99
2021	467	140
2022	439	89
2023	445	85

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 6.48% in Madagascar and 4.47% in Zambia. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Madagascar	Zambia
1960	-	20.5%
1961	-	20.1%
1962	-	19.8%
1963	-	19.5%
1964	-	19.2%
1965	-	19%
1966	-	18.9%
1967	-	18.7%
1968	14.6%	18.5%
1969	14.7%	18.3%
1970	14.9%	17.9%
1971	15.1%	17.4%
1972	15.3%	16.9%
1973	15.6%	16.3%
1974	15.8%	15.9%
1975	16.1%	15.5%
1976	16.3%	15.4%
1977	16.5%	15.3%
1978	16.7%	15.3%
1979	16.9%	15.4%
1980	17.1%	15.5%
1981	17.4%	15.6%
1982	17.6%	15.7%
1983	17.8%	15.9%
1984	17.8%	16.2%
1985	17.7%	16.6%
1986	17.5%	17%
1987	17.1%	17.3%
1988	16.6%	17.7%
1989	16.1%	17.9%
1990	15.6%	18.1%
1991	15%	18.1%
1992	14.5%	18.1%
1993	14%	17.9%
1994	13.5%	17.7%
1995	13.1%	17.3%
1996	12.6%	17%
1997	12%	16.7%
1998	11.5%	16.3%
1999	11%	15.9%
2000	10.5%	15.3%
2001	10%	14.4%
2002	9.6%	13.4%
2003	9.2%	12.4%
2004	8.82%	11.4%
2005	8.46%	10.5%
2006	8.12%	9.71%
2007	7.81%	9.14%
2008	7.53%	8.62%
2009	7.28%	8%
2010	7.07%	7.57%
2011	6.9%	7.31%
2012	6.77%	7.04%
2013	6.69%	6.72%
2014	6.62%	6.38%
2015	6.58%	6.15%
2016	6.57%	5.9%
2017	6.57%	5.61%
2018	6.58%	5.52%
2019	6.61%	5.41%
2020	6.63%	5.24%
2021	6.62%	4.92%
2022	6.57%	4.67%
2023	6.48%	4.47%