Fertility & birth rates in Madagascar and Malawi

Fertility rate in Madagascar vs Malawi chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Madagascar was 3.97 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.65 in Malawi in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Madagascar vs Malawi population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Madagascar	Malawi
1960	7.34	7.04
1961	7.3	7.07
1962	7.26	7.1
1963	7.21	7.13
1964	7.19	7.11
1965	7.17	7.13
1966	7.16	7.17
1967	7.14	7.21
1968	7.13	7.26
1969	7.12	7.27
1970	7.1	7.3
1971	7.07	7.31
1972	7.04	7.33
1973	7.01	7.34
1974	6.99	7.34
1975	6.97	7.36
1976	6.95	7.39
1977	6.93	7.41
1978	6.9	7.43
1979	6.87	7.47
1980	6.84	7.52
1981	6.77	7.49
1982	6.7	7.45
1983	6.63	7.36
1984	6.55	7.27
1985	6.46	7.17
1986	6.34	7.07
1987	6.24	6.97
1988	6.18	6.88
1989	6.15	6.8
1990	6.14	6.74
1991	6.12	6.68
1992	6.08	6.63
1993	6.06	6.57
1994	6.04	6.49
1995	6.04	6.39
1996	6.03	6.29
1997	6.02	6.23
1998	5.99	6.21
1999	5.84	6.12
2000	5.67	6
2001	5.53	5.94
2002	5.41	5.9
2003	5.33	5.88
2004	5.26	5.86
2005	5.2	5.85
2006	5.13	5.8
2007	5.08	5.72
2008	5.04	5.61
2009	5	5.45
2010	4.9	5.26
2011	4.74	5.08
2012	4.61	4.9
2013	4.53	4.76
2014	4.42	4.57
2015	4.34	4.38
2016	4.29	4.22
2017	4.26	4.11
2018	4.25	4.02
2019	4.22	3.95
2020	4.17	3.88
2021	4.1	3.79
2022	4.04	3.72
2023	3.97	3.65
2024	3.91	3.59
2025	3.84	3.53
2026	3.78	3.45
2027	3.72	3.39
2028	3.66	3.33
2029	3.61	3.29
2030	3.56	3.23
2031	3.51	3.18
2032	3.46	3.13
2033	3.41	3.09
2034	3.36	3.05
2035	3.32	3.01
2036	3.28	2.97
2037	3.24	2.93
2038	3.2	2.89
2039	3.16	2.86
2040	3.12	2.82
2041	3.09	2.79
2042	3.05	2.76
2043	3.02	2.73
2044	2.99	2.7
2045	2.95	2.67
2046	2.92	2.64
2047	2.9	2.61
2048	2.87	2.59
2049	2.84	2.57
2050	2.82	2.54

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Madagascar	Malawi
1960	45.2%	43.1%
1961	45.8%	42.9%
1962	46.3%	42.8%
1963	46.7%	42.9%
1964	46.8%	43%
1965	46.7%	43.2%
1966	46.6%	43.4%
1967	46.5%	43.7%
1968	46.5%	43.9%
1969	46.4%	44.2%
1970	46.4%	44.4%
1971	46.4%	44.6%
1972	46.4%	44.8%
1973	46.4%	44.9%
1974	46.5%	45.1%
1975	46.5%	45.2%
1976	46.6%	45.2%
1977	46.7%	45.3%
1978	46.8%	45.3%
1979	46.9%	45.3%
1980	47%	45.4%
1981	47.1%	45.4%
1982	47.1%	45.4%
1983	47%	45.5%
1984	46.9%	45.5%
1985	46.8%	45.4%
1986	46.7%	45.4%
1987	46.5%	45.1%
1988	46.3%	45%
1989	46.1%	45.2%
1990	45.9%	45.4%
1991	45.7%	45.6%
1992	45.6%	45.8%
1993	45.5%	46%
1994	45.4%	46.1%
1995	45.3%	46.1%
1996	45.3%	46.2%
1997	45.3%	46.2%
1998	45.4%	46.2%
1999	45.4%	46.2%
2000	45.4%	46.2%
2001	45.4%	46.1%
2002	45.4%	46.1%
2003	45.4%	46.1%
2004	45.3%	46%
2005	45.2%	46%
2006	45%	46.1%
2007	44.8%	46.1%
2008	44.6%	46.1%
2009	44.3%	46.2%
2010	44%	46.2%
2011	43.7%	46.2%
2012	43.3%	46.1%
2013	42.8%	46%
2014	42.4%	45.7%
2015	42%	45.4%
2016	41.6%	45.1%
2017	41.2%	44.6%
2018	40.9%	44.2%
2019	40.7%	43.7%
2020	40.4%	43.1%
2021	40.1%	42.5%
2022	39.9%	41.9%
2023	39.6%	41.3%
2024	39.3%	40.7%
2025	38.9%	40.1%
2026	38.6%	39.6%
2027	38.4%	39.1%
2028	38.1%	38.6%
2029	37.8%	38.1%
2030	37.6%	37.7%
2031	37.3%	37.4%
2032	37%	37%
2033	36.7%	36.7%
2034	36.4%	36.4%
2035	36%	36%
2036	35.7%	35.7%
2037	35.3%	35.3%
2038	35%	35%
2039	34.6%	34.6%
2040	34.3%	34.2%
2041	34%	33.9%
2042	33.6%	33.5%
2043	33.3%	33.1%
2044	33%	32.7%
2045	32.7%	32.3%
2046	32.4%	31.9%
2047	32.1%	31.5%
2048	31.8%	31.2%
2049	31.6%	30.8%
2050	31.3%	30.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 39.3% of the population in Madagascar and 40.7% in Malawi in 2024, compared to 45.9% and 45.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Madagascar and Malawi compared.

Natural population change in Madagascar vs Malawi by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.57% in Madagascar and +2.67% in Malawi. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Madagascar	Malawi
1960	133,684	85,718
1961	136,578	89,091
1962	139,412	92,463
1963	142,666	95,933
1964	146,894	97,658
1965	152,362	100,040
1966	159,483	103,512
1967	167,287	106,668
1968	175,869	110,329
1969	184,562	113,120
1970	194,889	116,822
1971	204,617	121,015
1972	213,138	125,728
1973	221,768	131,529
1974	230,233	137,819
1975	238,774	145,254
1976	247,026	153,422
1977	255,399	161,930
1978	263,684	172,503
1979	270,752	182,123
1980	275,287	192,746
1981	277,535	199,436
1982	284,733	205,386
1983	290,085	209,422
1984	296,892	212,146
1985	304,199	216,179
1986	307,074	218,519
1987	317,621	220,566
1988	330,510	226,911
1989	344,279	237,967
1990	360,621	250,159
1991	375,040	260,193
1992	388,430	269,066
1993	408,801	276,538
1994	428,169	275,439
1995	450,259	266,745
1996	471,453	270,048
1997	490,905	277,433
1998	508,408	285,407
1999	516,976	295,629
2000	520,860	300,439
2001	529,656	310,833
2002	535,518	322,863
2003	544,903	341,133
2004	556,319	361,133
2005	568,143	381,130
2006	581,489	397,123
2007	597,772	410,290
2008	615,580	421,781
2009	634,008	434,811
2010	641,543	444,468
2011	640,577	454,149
2012	644,255	460,684
2013	654,230	470,293
2014	660,837	472,418
2015	668,977	472,484
2016	682,801	474,779
2017	699,498	484,655
2018	719,267	494,348
2019	735,853	506,104
2020	736,607	514,659
2021	741,416	517,400
2022	753,931	533,450
2023	766,391	549,096

Maternal mortality chart: Madagascar vs Malawi

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 445 deaths per 100,000 live births in Madagascar, compared to 225 deaths in Malawi.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Madagascar	Malawi
1985	751	1,115
1986	730	1,118
1987	702	1,123
1988	687	1,154
1989	684	1,136
1990	692	1,112
1991	691	1,080
1992	699	1,042
1993	688	1,000
1994	688	912
1995	684	782
1996	680	713
1997	676	672
1998	663	658
1999	647	576
2000	638	506
2001	611	447
2002	593	404
2003	571	346
2004	555	304
2005	540	283
2006	528	286
2007	522	333
2008	510	430
2009	507	512
2010	500	517
2011	492	486
2012	487	447
2013	481	410
2014	477	367
2015	474	354
2016	470	312
2017	469	284
2018	466	267
2019	462	260
2020	447	256
2021	467	286
2022	439	239
2023	445	225

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 6.48% in Madagascar and 3.83% in Malawi. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Madagascar	Malawi
1961	-	35.9%
1962	-	35.8%
1963	-	35.7%
1964	-	35.5%
1965	-	35.4%
1966	-	35.3%
1967	-	35.1%
1968	14.6%	35%
1969	14.7%	34.7%
1970	14.9%	34.4%
1971	15.1%	33.9%
1972	15.3%	33.2%
1973	15.6%	32.4%
1974	15.8%	31.5%
1975	16.1%	30.6%
1976	16.3%	29.7%
1977	16.5%	28.7%
1978	16.7%	27.6%
1979	16.9%	26.5%
1980	17.1%	25.6%
1981	17.4%	24.9%
1982	17.6%	24.5%
1983	17.8%	24.5%
1984	17.8%	24.8%
1985	17.7%	25.1%
1986	17.5%	25.4%
1987	17.1%	25.5%
1988	16.6%	25.3%
1989	16.1%	24.9%
1990	15.6%	24.3%
1991	15%	23.6%
1992	14.5%	22.8%
1993	14%	22%
1994	13.5%	21.3%
1995	13.1%	20.7%
1996	12.6%	20.2%
1997	12%	19.7%
1998	11.5%	19.2%
1999	11%	18.4%
2000	10.5%	17.3%
2001	10%	16%
2002	9.6%	14.6%
2003	9.2%	13.2%
2004	8.82%	11.9%
2005	8.46%	11%
2006	8.12%	10.3%
2007	7.81%	9.83%
2008	7.53%	9.31%
2009	7.28%	8.81%
2010	7.07%	8.3%
2011	6.9%	7.67%
2012	6.77%	6.98%
2013	6.69%	6.4%
2014	6.62%	6.02%
2015	6.58%	5.67%
2016	6.57%	5.35%
2017	6.57%	5.06%
2018	6.58%	4.75%
2019	6.61%	4.55%
2020	6.63%	4.31%
2021	6.62%	4.15%
2022	6.57%	3.99%
2023	6.48%	3.83%