Fertility & birth rates in Ethiopia and Madagascar

Fertility rate in Ethiopia vs Madagascar chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Ethiopia was 3.99 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.97 in Madagascar in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Ethiopia vs Madagascar population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Ethiopia	Madagascar
1960	6.51	7.34
1961	6.53	7.3
1962	6.56	7.26
1963	6.59	7.21
1964	6.61	7.19
1965	6.63	7.17
1966	6.66	7.16
1967	6.68	7.14
1968	6.7	7.13
1969	6.72	7.12
1970	6.78	7.1
1971	6.84	7.07
1972	6.9	7.04
1973	6.96	7.01
1974	7.02	6.99
1975	7.08	6.97
1976	7.13	6.95
1977	7.19	6.93
1978	7.23	6.9
1979	7.25	6.87
1980	7.29	6.84
1981	7.31	6.77
1982	7.34	6.7
1983	7.35	6.63
1984	7.36	6.55
1985	7.34	6.46
1986	7.32	6.34
1987	7.29	6.24
1988	7.26	6.18
1989	7.23	6.15
1990	7.2	6.14
1991	7.16	6.12
1992	7.13	6.08
1993	7.09	6.06
1994	7.05	6.04
1995	7	6.04
1996	6.93	6.03
1997	6.87	6.02
1998	6.79	5.99
1999	6.72	5.84
2000	6.65	5.67
2001	6.58	5.53
2002	6.5	5.41
2003	6.4	5.33
2004	6.3	5.26
2005	6.19	5.2
2006	6.05	5.13
2007	5.89	5.08
2008	5.7	5.04
2009	5.49	5
2010	5.28	4.9
2011	5.08	4.74
2012	4.89	4.61
2013	4.71	4.53
2014	4.61	4.42
2015	4.53	4.34
2016	4.47	4.29
2017	4.4	4.26
2018	4.37	4.25
2019	4.35	4.22
2020	4.27	4.17
2021	4.18	4.1
2022	4.08	4.04
2023	3.99	3.97
2024	3.91	3.91
2025	3.81	3.84
2026	3.72	3.78
2027	3.64	3.72
2028	3.57	3.66
2029	3.5	3.61
2030	3.43	3.56
2031	3.36	3.51
2032	3.3	3.46
2033	3.24	3.41
2034	3.19	3.36
2035	3.14	3.32
2036	3.08	3.28
2037	3.03	3.24
2038	2.99	3.2
2039	2.94	3.16
2040	2.9	3.12
2041	2.86	3.09
2042	2.83	3.05
2043	2.79	3.02
2044	2.75	2.99
2045	2.72	2.95
2046	2.68	2.92
2047	2.65	2.9
2048	2.62	2.87
2049	2.59	2.84
2050	2.55	2.82

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Ethiopia	Madagascar
1960	42.2%	45.2%
1961	42.2%	45.8%
1962	42.1%	46.3%
1963	42.2%	46.7%
1964	42.3%	46.8%
1965	42.5%	46.7%
1966	42.9%	46.6%
1967	43.2%	46.5%
1968	43.5%	46.5%
1969	43.8%	46.4%
1970	44.2%	46.4%
1971	44.5%	46.4%
1972	44.9%	46.4%
1973	45.2%	46.4%
1974	45.4%	46.5%
1975	45.6%	46.5%
1976	45.7%	46.6%
1977	45.9%	46.7%
1978	46.1%	46.8%
1979	46.2%	46.9%
1980	46.3%	47%
1981	46.4%	47.1%
1982	46.5%	47.1%
1983	46.4%	47%
1984	46.2%	46.9%
1985	46.1%	46.8%
1986	46%	46.7%
1987	46%	46.5%
1988	46%	46.3%
1989	46.1%	46.1%
1990	46.2%	45.9%
1991	46.2%	45.7%
1992	46.2%	45.6%
1993	46.4%	45.5%
1994	46.5%	45.4%
1995	46.7%	45.3%
1996	46.9%	45.3%
1997	47.1%	45.3%
1998	47.4%	45.4%
1999	47.6%	45.4%
2000	47.7%	45.4%
2001	47.8%	45.4%
2002	47.8%	45.4%
2003	47.7%	45.4%
2004	47.6%	45.3%
2005	47.4%	45.2%
2006	47.2%	45%
2007	46.9%	44.8%
2008	46.6%	44.6%
2009	46.2%	44.3%
2010	45.7%	44%
2011	45.2%	43.7%
2012	44.6%	43.3%
2013	44%	42.8%
2014	43.4%	42.4%
2015	42.9%	42%
2016	42.3%	41.6%
2017	41.8%	41.2%
2018	41.3%	40.9%
2019	40.9%	40.7%
2020	40.5%	40.4%
2021	40.1%	40.1%
2022	39.7%	39.9%
2023	39.4%	39.6%
2024	39.1%	39.3%
2025	38.8%	38.9%
2026	38.5%	38.6%
2027	38.3%	38.4%
2028	38.1%	38.1%
2029	37.8%	37.8%
2030	37.6%	37.6%
2031	37.3%	37.3%
2032	37%	37%
2033	36.6%	36.7%
2034	36.2%	36.4%
2035	35.8%	36%
2036	35.4%	35.7%
2037	34.9%	35.3%
2038	34.5%	35%
2039	34%	34.6%
2040	33.6%	34.3%
2041	33.2%	34%
2042	32.8%	33.6%
2043	32.4%	33.3%
2044	32%	33%
2045	31.7%	32.7%
2046	31.3%	32.4%
2047	31%	32.1%
2048	30.7%	31.8%
2049	30.3%	31.6%
2050	30%	31.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 39.1% of the population in Ethiopia and 39.3% in Madagascar in 2024, compared to 46.2% and 45.9% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Ethiopia and Madagascar compared.

Natural population change in Ethiopia vs Madagascar by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.64% in Ethiopia and +2.57% in Madagascar. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Ethiopia	Madagascar
1960	511,694	133,684
1961	538,518	136,578
1962	563,650	139,412
1963	590,998	142,666
1964	618,667	146,894
1965	642,359	152,362
1966	616,281	159,483
1967	695,283	167,287
1968	715,602	175,869
1969	736,428	184,562
1970	760,821	194,889
1971	787,047	204,617
1972	779,808	213,138
1973	807,535	221,768
1974	777,306	230,233
1975	801,425	238,774
1976	899,577	247,026
1977	929,381	255,399
1978	943,388	263,684
1979	987,203	270,752
1980	1,007,516	275,287
1981	1,018,838	277,535
1982	1,080,853	284,733
1983	863,472	290,085
1984	920,670	296,892
1985	997,050	304,199
1986	1,050,277	307,074
1987	1,356,853	317,621
1988	1,393,356	330,510
1989	1,441,769	344,279
1990	1,479,663	360,621
1991	1,579,416	375,040
1992	1,673,839	388,430
1993	1,734,851	408,801
1994	1,788,133	428,169
1995	1,831,068	450,259
1996	1,896,364	471,453
1997	1,945,112	490,905
1998	1,984,989	508,408
1999	2,010,987	516,976
2000	2,083,622	520,860
2001	2,137,791	529,656
2002	2,189,683	535,518
2003	2,231,223	544,903
2004	2,296,999	556,319
2005	2,353,375	568,143
2006	2,393,585	581,489
2007	2,436,753	597,772
2008	2,465,283	615,580
2009	2,467,118	634,008
2010	2,498,048	641,543
2011	2,527,811	640,577
2012	2,533,398	644,255
2013	2,546,020	654,230
2014	2,623,647	660,837
2015	2,713,529	668,977
2016	2,809,889	682,801
2017	2,899,143	699,498
2018	3,015,231	719,267
2019	3,132,780	735,853
2020	3,199,718	736,607
2021	3,204,673	741,416
2022	3,300,114	753,931
2023	3,338,649	766,391

Maternal mortality chart: Ethiopia vs Madagascar

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 195 deaths per 100,000 live births in Ethiopia, compared to 445 deaths in Madagascar.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Ethiopia	Madagascar
1985	1,329	751
1986	1,317	730
1987	1,289	702
1988	1,306	687
1989	1,296	684
1990	1,320	692
1991	1,239	691
1992	1,218	699
1993	1,168	688
1994	1,113	688
1995	1,060	684
1996	1,008	680
1997	957	676
1998	911	663
1999	901	647
2000	870	638
2001	856	611
2002	826	593
2003	797	571
2004	764	555
2005	754	540
2006	729	528
2007	704	522
2008	678	510
2009	649	507
2010	619	500
2011	588	492
2012	545	487
2013	494	481
2014	444	477
2015	401	474
2016	364	470
2017	327	469
2018	297	466
2019	269	462
2020	244	447
2021	250	467
2022	207	439
2023	195	445

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.65% in Ethiopia and 6.48% in Madagascar. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Ethiopia	Madagascar
1966	27.8%	-
1967	24.9%	-
1968	24.8%	14.6%
1969	24.8%	14.7%
1970	24.7%	14.9%
1971	24.7%	15.1%
1972	24.7%	15.3%
1973	24.6%	15.6%
1974	28.3%	15.8%
1975	28.2%	16.1%
1976	24.5%	16.3%
1977	24.5%	16.5%
1978	24.4%	16.7%
1979	24.2%	16.9%
1980	24%	17.1%
1981	23.8%	17.4%
1982	23.5%	17.6%
1983	32%	17.8%
1984	31.4%	17.8%
1985	30.3%	17.7%
1986	29.7%	17.5%
1987	21.5%	17.1%
1988	21%	16.6%
1989	20.6%	16.1%
1990	20.2%	15.6%
1991	19.7%	15%
1992	19.1%	14.5%
1993	18.5%	14%
1994	17.9%	13.5%
1995	17.2%	13.1%
1996	16.6%	12.6%
1997	15.9%	12%
1998	15.3%	11.5%
1999	14.7%	11%
2000	14%	10.5%
2001	13.4%	10%
2002	12.8%	9.6%
2003	12.1%	9.2%
2004	11.5%	8.82%
2005	10.9%	8.46%
2006	10.3%	8.12%
2007	9.74%	7.81%
2008	9.23%	7.53%
2009	8.76%	7.28%
2010	8.32%	7.07%
2011	7.91%	6.9%
2012	7.53%	6.77%
2013	7.16%	6.69%
2014	6.82%	6.62%
2015	6.49%	6.58%
2016	6.17%	6.57%
2017	5.89%	6.57%
2018	5.64%	6.58%
2019	5.41%	6.61%
2020	5.2%	6.63%
2021	5%	6.62%
2022	4.82%	6.57%
2023	4.65%	6.48%