Skip to content

Economy of Denmark vs El Salvador compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Denmark has a GDP of $425B compared to $35.4B for El Salvador, ranking 37/197 and 105/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $134B in government debt (31.5% of GDP), compared to $30.9B (87.5% of GDP) in El Salvador.

Denmark vs El Salvador GDP by year

Denmark
El Salvador
1x
Year GDP, current $
Denmark El Salvador
2024 $424,524,722,037 $35,364,960,000
2023 $404,651,706,118 $33,853,940,000
2022 $400,114,306,337 $31,870,120,000
2021 $406,110,162,088 $29,043,140,000
2020 $355,631,021,932 $24,921,190,000
2019 $345,401,473,013 $26,881,140,000
2018 $355,293,374,912 $26,020,850,000
2017 $331,610,593,962 $24,979,190,000
2016 $312,181,849,372 $24,191,430,000
2015 $301,758,922,338 $23,438,240,000
2014 $352,832,602,064 $22,593,470,000
2013 $344,631,016,965 $21,990,960,000
2012 $326,792,574,245 $21,386,150,000
2011 $344,315,595,263 $20,283,780,000
2010 $322,345,594,075 $18,447,920,000
2009 $322,619,152,195 $17,601,620,000
2008 $354,979,471,960 $17,986,890,000
2007 $320,213,157,595 $17,011,750,000
2006 $283,386,151,544 $15,999,890,000
2005 $265,150,087,712 $14,698,000,000
2004 $251,986,155,631 $13,724,810,900
2003 $218,421,193,436 $13,243,892,200
2002 $178,788,209,558 $12,664,190,300
2001 $164,881,594,415 $12,282,533,600
2000 $164,043,817,224 $11,784,927,700
1999 $177,887,720,536 $11,284,197,000
1998 $176,877,077,513 $10,936,669,900
1997 $173,241,365,735 $10,221,705,900
1996 $187,481,157,846 $9,586,327,800
1995 $184,848,481,008 $8,921,947,100
1994 $156,017,919,221 $7,679,384,000
1993 $143,111,306,004 $6,680,269,200
1992 $152,966,494,260 $5,813,399,300
1991 $139,180,507,778 $5,252,342,400
1990 $138,217,740,684 $4,817,542,204
1989 $112,312,200,761 $4,372,215,300
1988 $115,540,189,705 $4,189,880,000
1987 $109,183,446,340 $3,958,045,800
1986 $87,748,695,217 $3,771,663,200
1985 $62,452,421,011 $3,800,368,600
1984 $58,868,891,335 $3,661,683,400
1983 $60,331,158,447 $3,506,347,800
1982 $60,084,214,872 $3,399,189,100
1981 $61,459,941,461 $3,437,200,200
1980 $70,811,287,816 $3,573,959,900
1979 $70,393,030,603 $3,463,639,900
1978 $60,320,089,218 $3,127,960,000
1977 $49,711,709,588 $2,941,640,100
1976 $44,503,607,444 $2,328,280,100
1975 $40,418,967,666 $1,884,120,100
1974 $34,125,712,481 $1,665,880,000
1973 $30,718,181,337 $1,442,320,000
1972 $23,230,667,549 $1,263,720,000
1971 $19,086,192,720 $1,186,120,000
1970 $17,075,457,733 $1,132,920,000
1969 $15,414,902,667 $1,049,400,000
1968 $13,505,574,133 $1,009,760,100
1967 $13,059,064,806 $976,200,000
1966 $11,931,740,293 $929,520,000
1965 $10,870,670,865 $877,720,000
1964 $9,677,401,337 -
1963 $8,466,044,980 -
1962 $7,953,274,741 -
1961 $7,058,361,229 -
1960 $6,361,166,545 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/el-salvador | CC BY

GDP per capita in Denmark vs El Salvador by year

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
El Salvador
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Denmark El Salvador
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $71,026 $81,878 $5,580 $13,264
2023 $68,044 $77,892 $5,365 $12,680
2022 $67,781 $78,914 $5,075 $11,876
2021 $69,341 $69,715 $4,643 $10,810
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $3,997 $9,393
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $4,320 $9,757
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $4,184 $9,204
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $4,020 $8,965
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $3,901 $8,456
2015 $53,094 $48,897 $3,790 $7,934
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $3,666 $7,504
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $3,582 $7,093
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $3,498 $6,708
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $3,331 $6,594
2010 $58,105 $43,038 $3,040 $6,248
2009 $58,413 $40,524 $2,910 $6,063
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $2,983 $6,175
2007 $58,632 $39,110 $2,831 $5,949
2006 $52,119 $37,392 $2,666 $5,695
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $2,447 $5,292
2004 $46,625 $33,016 $2,286 $4,998
2003 $40,519 $30,864 $2,208 $4,829
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $2,115 $4,672
2001 $30,768 $29,459 $2,058 $4,543
2000 $30,722 $28,648 $1,983 $4,422
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $1,908 $4,298
1998 $33,346 $25,799 $1,860 $4,171
1997 $32,780 $24,887 $1,749 $4,043
1996 $35,622 $23,723 $1,651 $3,880
1995 $35,321 $22,677 $1,548 $3,808
1994 $29,968 $21,669 $1,344 $3,591
1993 $27,582 $20,217 $1,180 $3,390
1992 $29,579 $19,830 $1,041 $3,171
1991 $27,003 $19,067 $956 $2,945
1990 $26,886 $18,225 $892 $2,856
1989 $21,882 - $825 -
1988 $22,525 - $806 -
1987 $21,296 - $777 -
1986 $17,137 - $755 -
1985 $12,213 - $776 -
1984 $11,517 - $763 -
1983 $11,797 - $745 -
1982 $11,740 - $735 -
1981 $12,000 - $752 -
1980 $13,822 - $787 -
1979 $13,757 - $773 -
1978 $11,818 - $712 -
1977 $9,770 - $684 -
1976 $8,773 - $553 -
1975 $7,988 - $457 -
1974 $6,764 - $413 -
1973 $6,117 - $366 -
1972 $4,654 - $329 -
1971 $3,846 - $316 -
1970 $3,464 - $309 -
1969 $3,151 - $293.4 -
1968 $2,776 - $290.1 -
1967 $2,701 - $288.4 -
1966 $2,487 - $282.4 -
1965 $2,284 - $274.3 -
1964 $2,049 - - -
1963 $1,807 - - -
1962 $1,711 - - -
1961 $1,531 - - -
1960 $1,389 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/el-salvador | CC BY

Denmark's GDP per capita is $71,026, ranking 12/197, compared to $5,580 in El Salvador, ranking 116/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $81,878, while El Salvador ranks 120th at $13,264.

Economic indicators

Denmark El Salvador
Gross domestic product
$425B
2024
$35.4B
2024
GDP rank
37/197
2024
105/197
2024
GDP growth
3.48%
2023-2024
2.6%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$71,026
2024
$5,580
2024
GDP per capita rank
12/197
2024
116/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$81,878
2024
$13,264
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
14/197
2024
120/197
2024
Government debt
$134B
2024
$30.9B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
31.5%
2024
87.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$22,340
2024
$4,883
2024
Government debt per person rank
30/185
2024
81/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$53,468
2026
$4,768
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
n/a
Number of millionaires
376,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
29.7%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
1.9%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.3%
2024
31.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.37%
2023-2024
0.85%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.15%
2024
2.71%
2024
Population
6032403
6399793

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Denmark
Spending

Debt
El Salvador
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Denmark El Salvador
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 47.3% 31.5% 31.4% 87.5%
2023 47.4% 33.8% 30.5% 85.1%
2022 45.1% 34.2% 28.7% 83.7%
2021 49.7% 40.7% 31.1% 88%
2020 53.3% 46.3% 32.7% 95.4%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 27.8% 77.9%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 27.6% 77%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 28.1% 77.1%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 27.5% 75.2%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 27.1% 73.5%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 27.6% 71.8%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 28.5% 69.7%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 27.4% 70%
2011 56.3% 50% 25.3% 65.6%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 25.6% 66.8%
2009 56.3% 43% 26% 65.8%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 24.5% 54.2%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 22.8% 52.2%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 23.4% 52.6%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 22.4% 46.3%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 21.5% 46.8%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 22.6% 46%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 22.5% 43.8%
2001 53% 50.1% 21.7% 37.8%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 21% 29.6%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 19.7% 28%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 19.3% 25.7%
1997 56.2% 64.4% 18.6% 27.8%
1996 58.2% 68.3% 21% 28.5%
1995 58.7% 71.5% 18.6% 28%
1994 59.5% 75.3% 18.9% 30.5%
1993 59.5% 78.7% 18.5% 31.9%
1992 56.4% 66.7% 20.8% 36.4%
1991 55.5% 63.2% 18.5% 43.3%
1990 55.1% 62.4% 15.9% -
1989 56.2% 62.2% - -
1988 56.1% 64.7% - -
1987 54% 62.5% - -
1986 52.3% 66.8% - -
1985 55.5% 74.7% - -
1984 56.6% 77.7% - -
1983 57.9% 74.2% - -
1982 57.7% 64.5% - -
1981 56.3% 51.7% - -
1980 52.7% 39.2% - -
1979 49.6% 31.8% - -
1978 47.2% 25.5% - -
1977 45.6% 15.2% - -
1976 45% 11.4% - -
1975 45.3% 7.01% - -
1974 43.6% 6.2% - -
1973 39.5% 8.94% - -
1972 42.1% 11.5% - -
1971 42.2% 12.9% - -
1970 24.4% 7.62% - -
1969 25.3% 8.36% - -
1968 24.3% 9.36% - -
1967 22.2% 10.1% - -
1966 21.1% 11.2% - -
1965 17.1% 12.9% - -
1964 17.6% 14.5% - -
1963 18.2% 13.7% - -
1962 17% 15.3% - -
1961 15.6% 16.4% - -
1960 16.4% 20.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1991, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/el-salvador | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government spending was $201B, accounting for 47.3% of its GDP, while El Salvador spent $11.1B, or 31.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 31.5% in Denmark and 87.5% in El Salvador, ranking 155/185 and 36/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

El Salvador
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark El Salvador
2024 4.46% -4.55%
2023 3.43% -4.69%
2022 3.39% -2.68%
2021 4.12% -5.53%
2020 0.36% -8.18%
2019 4.28% -3.07%
2018 0.81% -2.71%
2017 1.69% -2.53%
2016 0.3% -3.1%
2015 -0.9% -3.63%
2014 1.43% -4.02%
2013 -0.94% -4.46%
2012 -3.2% -3.81%
2011 -1.77% -4.47%
2010 -2.52% -4.97%
2009 -2.75% -6.65%
2008 3.46% -3.8%
2007 5.31% -2.32%
2006 5.29% -3.42%
2005 5.2% -3.47%
2004 2.23% -2.76%
2003 0.14% -4.23%
2002 0.25% -5.5%
2001 1.13% -4.95%
2000 1.79% -3.45%
1999 1.06% -3.08%
1998 -0.28% -2.94%
1997 -1.22% -1.97%
1996 -2.4% -2.7%
1995 -3.5% -0.18%
1994 -3.85% -0.94%
1993 -3.73% -1.42%
1992 -2.6% -4.29%
1991 -3.15% -2.3%
1990 -1.78% -0.61%
1989 0.3% -
1988 1.46% -
1987 2.46% -
1986 3.23% -
1985 -1.38% -
1984 -3.58% -
1983 -6.29% -
1982 -8.22% -
1981 -5.84% -
1980 -2.32% -
1979 -0.69% -
1978 0.41% -
1977 0.37% -
1976 0.19% -
1975 -1.23% -
1974 3.7% -
1973 4.97% -
1972 5.01% -
1971 4.96% -
1970 0.7% -
1969 0.3% -
1968 -0.06% -
1967 1.49% -
1966 0.99% -
1965 2.13% -
1964 1.79% -
1963 1.2% -
1962 -0.09% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 1.25% -
1959 0.79% -
1958 0.25% -
1957 0.26% -
1956 -0.01% -
1955 -1.17% -
1954 -0.84% -
1953 1.75% -
1952 1.18% -
1951 0.79% -
1950 1.08% -
1949 0.63% -
1948 1.07% -
1947 0.84% -
1946 2.69% -
1945 -1.03% -
1944 0% -
1943 0% -
1942 0% -
1941 0% -
1940 0% -
1939 0% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 0.22% -
1936 -1.36% -
1935 -0.97% -
1934 0.03% -
1933 1.69% -
1932 -3.22% -
1931 -1.67% -
1930 0.03% -
1929 0.13% -
1928 -4.99% -
1927 -2.33% -
1926 -0.48% -
1925 -3.1% -
1924 -0.8% -
1923 -0.56% -
1922 -1.33% -
1921 -2.41% -
1920 -0.46% -
1919 -0.38% -
1918 1.95% -
1917 3.1% -
1916 1.51% -
1915 -0.48% -
1914 0.43% -
1913 0.07% -
1912 0.13% -
1911 -1.02% -
1910 -1.72% -
1909 -2.49% -
1908 -0.82% -
1907 0.26% -
1906 -0.42% -
1905 0.22% -
1904 -0.1% -
1903 0.03% -
1902 -0.06% -
1901 -0.71% -
1900 -0.84% -
1899 -0.59% -
1898 -0.43% -
1897 -0.61% -
1896 -0.07% -
1895 -0.17% -
1894 -0.26% -
1893 -0.42% -
1892 -0.73% -
1891 -0.76% -
1890 -0.97% -
1889 -0.55% -
1888 -0.49% -
1887 -0.68% -
1886 -0.39% -
1885 0.48% -
1884 1.2% -
1883 0.73% -
1882 0.35% -
1881 0.42% -
1880 -2.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/el-salvador | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $18.9B, equivalent to 4.46% of GDP. This compares to El Salvador's deficit of $1.61B, or 4.55% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 15 of those years, while El Salvador ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to 0.44% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.52% of GDP for El Salvador.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Denmark

El Salvador
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Denmark El Salvador
2024 1.37% 0.85%
2023 3.31% 4.05%
2022 7.7% 7.2%
2021 1.85% 3.47%
2020 0.42% -0.37%
2019 0.76% 0.08%
2018 0.81% 1.09%
2017 1.15% 1.01%
2016 0.25% 0.6%
2015 0.45% -0.73%
2014 0.56% 1.14%
2013 0.79% 0.76%
2012 2.4% 1.73%
2011 2.76% 5.13%
2010 2.31% 1.18%
2009 1.3% 1.06%
2008 3.42% 6.71%
2007 1.69% 4.58%
2006 1.92% 4.04%
2005 1.82% 4.69%
2004 1.15% 4.45%
2003 2.08% 2.12%
2002 2.42% 1.87%
2001 2.34% 3.75%
2000 2.9% 2.27%
1999 2.5% 0.51%
1998 1.85% 2.55%
1997 2.18% 4.49%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/el-salvador | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 2.51% in El Salvador. In 2024, inflation was 1.37% in Denmark and 0.85% in El Salvador.

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Transport & tourism services $296M
IT & IP services $54.9M
Business & finance services $26.7M
Animal & marine products $6.03M
Machinery & equipment $4.08M
Manufacturing & construction services $3.16M
Government & miscellaneous services $948K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $908K
Chemicals & pharma $703K
Textiles & consumer goods $223K
El Salvador
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.21M
Machinery & equipment $26K
Textiles & consumer goods $26K
Raw agricultural goods $12K
Wood & paper products $1K

Balance of trade

Denmark El Salvador
Current account balance
$52.1B
2024
-$633M
2024
Current account balance ranking
14/190
2024
110/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.3%
2024
-1.79%
2024
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$15.1B
2024
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$5.59B
2024
Service imports
$125B
2024
$3.26B
2024
Service exports
$129B
2024
$6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
60.8%
2024
51.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
71%
2024
32.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark El Salvador
Economic freedom 79 57.7
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 114/197
Property rights 99.9 42.7
Government integrity 98 31.5
Judicial effectiveness 89.3 15.3
Tax burden 43.4 76.8
Government spending 34.8 72.7
Fiscal health 98 59.4
Business freedom 90.4 65.7
Labor freedom 65 51.6
Monetary freedom 80.1 70.6
Trade freedom 79.4 76.4
Investment freedom 90 70
Financial freedom 80 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Denmark
El Salvador
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark El Salvador
2026 79 57.7
2025 79.1 56.6
2024 77.8 54.4
2023 77.6 56
2022 78 59.6
2021 77.8 61
2020 78.3 61.6
2019 76.7 61.8
2018 76.6 63.2
2017 75.1 64.1
2016 75.3 65.1
2015 76.3 65.7
2014 76.1 66.2
2013 76.1 66.7
2012 76.2 68.7
2011 78.6 68.8
2010 77.9 69.9
2009 79.6 69.8
2008 79.2 68.5
2007 77 68.9
2006 75.4 69.6
2005 75.3 71.5
2004 72.4 71.2
2003 73.2 71.5
2002 71.1 73
2001 68.3 73
2000 68.3 76.3
1999 68.1 75.1
1998 67.5 70.2
1997 67.5 70.5
1996 67.3 70.1
1995 - 69.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/el-salvador | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79, ranking 8/197, compared to 57.7 for El Salvador, ranking 114/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Denmark El Salvador
Services, % of GDP
63.5%
2024
61%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.1%
2024
22.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.93%
2024
4.38%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$434B
2024
$32.5B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$84,680
2024
$12,420
2024
Total reserves including gold
$108B
2024
$3.7B
2024
Total reserves ranking
25/177
2024
110/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$11.9B
2024
-$636M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.5B
2024
$924M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.7B
2024
$288M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
35%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
27.2%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
20.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/el-salvador | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1991, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.