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Economy of Denmark vs Ivory Coast compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Denmark has a GDP of $429B compared to $86.5B for Ivory Coast, ranking 38/197 and 76/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $120B in government debt (26.6% of GDP), compared to $51.3B (58.1% of GDP) in Ivory Coast.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Denmark
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Ivory Coast
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Denmark Ivory Coast
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $6,361,166,545 $80,238,063,131 $546,203,559 $5,492,745,890
1961 $7,058,361,229 $85,356,314,760 $618,245,634 $6,038,315,905
1962 $7,953,274,741 $90,193,305,331 $645,284,474 $6,112,405,708
1963 $8,466,044,980 $90,767,855,838 $761,047,198 $6,998,115,047
1964 $9,677,401,337 $99,181,979,992 $921,063,327 $8,230,699,197
1965 $10,870,670,865 $103,699,971,911 $919,771,229 $7,974,752,908
1966 $11,931,740,293 $106,542,294,924 $1,024,102,880 $8,898,018,736
1967 $13,059,064,806 $112,813,620,773 $1,082,922,725 $9,307,163,144
1968 $13,505,574,133 $119,416,599,037 $1,281,281,277 $10,475,049,116
1969 $15,414,902,667 $127,535,877,471 $1,361,360,293 $11,474,286,968
1970 $17,075,457,733 $129,902,945,560 $1,455,482,795 $12,664,747,894
1971 $19,086,192,720 $134,031,029,530 $1,584,128,509 $13,862,407,214
1972 $23,230,667,549 $139,120,989,452 $1,849,400,402 $14,449,705,425
1973 $30,718,181,337 $145,686,794,688 $2,508,421,426 $15,307,901,973
1974 $34,125,712,481 $144,281,984,443 $3,070,152,309 $15,970,333,193
1975 $40,418,967,666 $142,247,753,419 $3,893,839,190 $17,288,346,644
1976 $44,503,607,444 $150,773,233,048 $4,662,053,825 $19,521,378,207
1977 $49,711,709,588 $153,766,730,433 $6,265,068,189 $20,949,261,442
1978 $60,320,089,218 $157,483,262,379 $7,900,526,298 $23,234,711,410
1979 $70,393,030,603 $163,866,531,124 $9,142,933,967 $23,791,045,073
1980 $70,811,287,816 $162,635,188,845 $10,175,617,609 $21,184,094,378
1981 $61,459,941,461 $161,430,084,232 $8,432,589,942 $21,925,643,371
1982 $60,084,214,872 $167,713,124,649 $7,567,110,849 $21,969,674,962
1983 $60,331,158,447 $172,165,579,297 $6,838,184,773 $21,112,804,815
1984 $58,868,891,335 $179,636,437,842 $6,841,639,247 $20,542,492,760
1985 $62,452,421,011 $187,096,889,700 $6,977,650,644 $21,467,156,206
1986 $87,748,695,217 $195,952,945,326 $9,158,302,100 $22,166,845,697
1987 $109,183,446,340 $196,860,120,911 $10,087,654,465 $22,089,489,410
1988 $115,540,189,705 $197,397,452,814 $10,255,169,806 $22,340,532,915
1989 $112,312,200,761 $198,773,654,972 $9,757,410,645 $22,999,132,930
1990 $138,217,740,684 $202,073,829,845 $10,795,850,583 $22,747,083,497
1991 $139,180,507,778 $205,020,430,124 $10,492,628,581 $22,756,392,780
1992 $152,966,494,260 $209,167,606,432 $11,152,971,274 $22,700,739,607
1993 $143,111,306,004 $209,002,572,327 $11,045,760,288 $22,657,044,066
1994 $156,017,919,221 $220,068,623,481 $8,313,557,510 $22,840,839,521
1995 $184,848,481,008 $226,754,355,587 $11,000,146,267 $24,468,419,439
1996 $187,481,157,846 $233,320,596,409 $18,071,152,831 $26,359,663,692
1997 $173,241,365,735 $240,713,316,197 $18,047,558,038 $28,903,065,479
1998 $176,877,077,513 $246,313,036,680 $19,619,654,756 $30,135,465,006
1999 $177,887,720,536 $253,621,896,626 $18,870,992,456 $30,487,103,687
2000 $164,043,817,224 $263,066,798,869 $16,577,533,892 $30,406,072,178
2001 $164,881,594,415 $265,566,018,287 $16,810,537,044 $29,751,121,586
2002 $178,788,209,558 $266,778,406,880 $18,054,383,321 $28,938,759,334
2003 $218,421,193,436 $267,955,142,441 $21,251,754,340 $27,571,152,176
2004 $251,986,155,631 $275,394,519,881 $23,510,575,681 $28,449,303,912
2005 $265,150,087,712 $281,892,753,289 $24,036,918,703 $28,732,677,632
2006 $283,386,151,544 $292,651,155,543 $25,281,413,263 $29,541,668,753
2007 $320,213,157,595 $295,540,131,122 $28,760,090,953 $29,867,049,486
2008 $354,979,471,960 $294,307,201,414 $34,078,240,293 $31,295,490,701
2009 $322,619,152,195 $279,666,951,317 $33,886,813,250 $32,423,167,867
2010 $322,345,594,075 $284,093,791,187 $34,936,307,980 $34,643,522,419
2011 $344,315,595,263 $287,817,703,286 $36,693,710,801 $32,783,010,325
2012 $326,792,574,245 $287,802,068,160 $36,302,302,877 $35,281,210,701
2013 $344,631,016,965 $291,810,211,099 $42,760,235,485 $39,077,544,168
2014 $352,832,602,064 $295,539,545,107 $48,843,005,614 $42,739,891,584
2015 $301,758,922,338 $301,758,922,338 $45,815,005,169 $45,815,005,169
2016 $312,181,849,372 $311,032,111,298 $48,407,761,037 $49,101,205,369
2017 $331,610,593,962 $320,538,736,986 $52,512,343,997 $52,739,979,047
2018 $355,293,374,912 $326,500,781,503 $58,522,477,787 $55,294,253,264
2019 $345,401,473,013 $332,088,518,944 $60,382,894,697 $59,010,785,541
2020 $355,631,021,932 $326,176,991,232 $63,027,852,805 $59,423,700,881
2021 $408,378,204,640 $350,255,593,093 $72,794,636,649 $63,620,992,438
2022 $401,945,576,108 $355,650,135,426 $70,922,824,824 $67,692,661,917
2023 $407,091,920,305 $364,524,261,929 $79,618,056,324 $72,059,148,622
2024 $429,457,372,072 $377,924,893,185 $86,538,413,923 $76,346,667,965

Economic indicators

Denmark Ivory Coast
Gross domestic product
$429B
2024
$86.5B
2024
GDP rank
38/197
2024
76/197
2024
GDP growth
5.49%
2023-2024
8.69%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$71,852
2024
$2,710
2024
GDP per capita rank
12/197
2024
142/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$79,514
2024
$7,653
2024
Government debt
$120B
2024
$51.3B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
26.6%
2025
58.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$20,114
2024
$1,606
2024
Government debt per person rank
31/185
2024
125/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$50,067
2025
$2,373
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
$7.33B
2020
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
27.8%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
3.1%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
48.4%
2025
20.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.37%
2023-2024
3.47%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.15%
2024
2.31%
2022
Population
6018959
33340347

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Ivory Coast

Denmark's GDP per capita is $71,852, ranking 12/197, compared to $2,710 in Ivory Coast, ranking 142/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $79,514, while Ivory Coast ranks 144th at $7,653.

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Ivory Coast
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Denmark Ivory Coast
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,389 - $148.7 -
1961 $1,531 - $162.3 -
1962 $1,711 - $163.1 -
1963 $1,807 - $185.1 -
1964 $2,049 - $215.5 -
1965 $2,284 - $207 -
1966 $2,487 - $221.8 -
1967 $2,701 - $225.6 -
1968 $2,776 - $256.8 -
1969 $3,151 - $262.2 -
1970 $3,464 - $269 -
1971 $3,846 - $280.3 -
1972 $4,654 - $313 -
1973 $6,117 - $406 -
1974 $6,764 - $474 -
1975 $7,988 - $575 -
1976 $8,773 - $661 -
1977 $9,770 - $856 -
1978 $11,818 - $1,039 -
1979 $13,757 - $1,157 -
1980 $13,822 - $1,238 -
1981 $12,000 - $986 -
1982 $11,740 - $849 -
1983 $11,797 - $737 -
1984 $11,517 - $709 -
1985 $12,213 - $695 -
1986 $17,137 - $877 -
1987 $21,296 - $930 -
1988 $22,525 - $910 -
1989 $21,882 - $833 -
1990 $26,886 $18,227 $886 $2,693
1991 $27,003 $19,055 $827 $2,677
1992 $29,579 $19,818 $845 $2,625
1993 $27,582 $20,204 $804 $2,577
1994 $29,968 $21,655 $582 $2,551
1995 $35,321 $22,662 $740 $2,683
1996 $35,622 $23,714 $1,170 $2,832
1997 $32,780 $24,881 $1,125 $3,040
1998 $33,346 $25,797 $1,177 $3,086
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $1,096 $3,065
2000 $30,722 $28,642 $937 $3,041
2001 $30,768 $29,462 $925 $2,962
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $968 $2,851
2003 $40,519 $30,868 $1,111 $2,702
2004 $46,625 $33,020 $1,200 $2,794
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $1,198 $2,842
2006 $52,119 $37,400 $1,230 $2,942
2007 $58,632 $39,112 $1,368 $2,985
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $1,584 $3,116
2009 $58,413 $40,503 $1,540 $3,177
2010 $58,105 $43,042 $1,554 $3,361
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $1,597 $3,176
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $1,547 $3,291
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $1,786 $3,619
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $1,991 $4,074
2015 $53,094 $48,910 $1,815 $4,404
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $1,863 $4,531
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $1,964 $4,690
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $2,131 $4,946
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $2,142 $5,516
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $2,180 $5,544
2021 $69,728 $69,715 $2,456 $6,045
2022 $68,091 $77,400 $2,333 $6,719
2023 $68,454 $73,737 $2,555 $7,227
2024 $71,852 $79,514 $2,710 $7,653

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Denmark's government spending was $200B, accounting for 48.4% of its GDP, while Ivory Coast's spent $17.6B, or 20.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 26.6% in Denmark and 58.1% in Ivory Coast, ranking 166/185 and 90/185, respectively.

Denmark
Government spending

Government debt
Ivory Coast
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Denmark Ivory Coast
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 16.4% 20.1% - -
1961 15.6% 16.4% - -
1962 17% 15.3% - -
1963 18.2% 13.7% - -
1964 17.6% 14.5% - -
1965 17.1% 12.9% - -
1966 21.1% 11.2% - -
1967 22.2% 10.1% - -
1968 24.3% 9.36% - -
1969 25.3% 8.36% - -
1970 24.4% 7.62% - -
1971 42.2% 12.9% - -
1972 42.1% 11.5% - -
1973 39.5% 8.94% - -
1974 43.6% 6.2% - -
1975 45.3% 7.01% - -
1976 45% 11.4% - -
1977 45.6% 15.2% - -
1978 47.2% 25.5% - -
1979 49.6% 31.8% - -
1980 52.7% 39.2% - -
1981 56.3% 51.7% - -
1982 57.7% 64.5% - -
1983 57.9% 74.2% - -
1984 56.6% 77.7% - -
1985 55.5% 74.7% - -
1986 52.3% 66.8% - -
1987 54% 62.5% - -
1988 56.1% 64.7% - -
1989 56.2% 62.2% - -
1990 55.1% 62.4% - -
1991 55.5% 63.2% - -
1992 56.4% 66.7% - -
1993 59.5% 78.7% - -
1994 59.5% 75.3% - -
1995 58.7% 71.5% - -
1996 58.2% 68.3% - -
1997 56.2% 64.4% 15.2% 84.2%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 14.6% 75.2%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 13.7% 78%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 12.9% 74%
2001 53% 50.1% 11.4% 71.2%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 13.1% 63%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 12.7% 56.4%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 13.5% 56.7%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 13.6% 58.2%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 14.5% 57.5%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 14.8% 53.5%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 14.6% 51.2%
2009 56.3% 43% 14.4% 46.5%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 14.5% 45.6%
2011 56.3% 50% 13.2% 50%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 16.1% 24.7%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 15.9% 24.6%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 15.2% 26.7%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 16.5% 29.2%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 17.6% 31.1%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 18.1% 32.6%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 17.6% 35.3%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 17.2% 37.2%
2020 53.3% 46.3% 20.4% 46.3%
2021 49.4% 40.5% 20.5% 50.2%
2022 44.9% 34.1% 21.9% 56%
2023 46.8% 33.6% 21.3% 57.5%
2024 46.5% 28% 20.4% 59.3%
2025 48.4% 26.6% 20.4% 58.1%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $19.3B, equivalent to 4.5% of GDP. This compares to Ivory Coast's deficit of -$3.43B, or -3.97% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 8 of those years, while Ivory Coast ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to +1.3% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.1% of GDP for Ivory Coast.

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Ivory Coast
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Ivory Coast
1880 -2.65% -
1881 0.42% -
1882 0.35% -
1883 0.73% -
1884 1.2% -
1885 0.48% -
1886 -0.39% -
1887 -0.68% -
1888 -0.49% -
1889 -0.55% -
1890 -0.97% -
1891 -0.76% -
1892 -0.73% -
1893 -0.42% -
1894 -0.26% -
1895 -0.17% -
1896 -0.07% -
1897 -0.61% -
1898 -0.43% -
1899 -0.59% -
1900 -0.84% -
1901 -0.71% -
1902 -0.06% -
1903 0.03% -
1904 -0.1% -
1905 0.22% -
1906 -0.42% -
1907 0.26% -
1908 -0.82% -
1909 -2.49% -
1910 -1.72% -
1911 -1.02% -
1912 0.13% -
1913 0.07% -
1914 0.43% -
1915 -0.48% -
1916 1.51% -
1917 3.1% -
1918 1.95% -
1919 -0.38% -
1920 -0.46% -
1921 -2.41% -
1922 -1.33% -
1923 -0.56% -
1924 -0.8% -
1925 -3.1% -
1926 -0.48% -
1927 -2.33% -
1928 -4.99% -
1929 0.13% -
1930 0.03% -
1931 -1.67% -
1932 -3.22% -
1933 1.69% -
1934 0.03% -
1935 -0.97% -
1936 -1.36% -
1937 0.22% -
1938 0.03% -
1939 0% -
1940 0% -
1941 0% -
1942 0% -
1943 0% -
1944 0% -
1945 -1.03% -
1946 2.69% -
1947 0.84% -
1948 1.07% -
1949 0.63% -
1950 1.08% -
1951 0.79% -
1952 1.18% -
1953 1.75% -
1954 -0.84% -
1955 -1.17% -
1956 -0.01% -
1957 0.26% -
1958 0.25% -
1959 0.79% -
1960 1.25% -
1961 1.73% -
1962 -0.09% -
1963 1.2% -
1964 1.79% -
1965 2.13% -
1966 0.99% -
1967 1.49% -
1968 -0.06% -
1969 0.3% -
1970 0.7% -
1971 4.96% -
1972 5.01% -
1973 4.97% -
1974 3.7% -
1975 -1.23% -
1976 0.19% -
1977 0.37% -
1978 0.41% -
1979 -0.69% -
1980 -2.32% -
1981 -5.84% -
1982 -8.22% -
1983 -6.29% -
1984 -3.58% -
1985 -1.38% -
1986 3.23% -
1987 2.46% -
1988 1.46% -
1989 0.3% -
1990 -1.78% -
1991 -3.15% -
1992 -2.6% -
1993 -3.73% -
1994 -3.85% -
1995 -3.5% -
1996 -2.4% -
1997 -1.22% -0.75%
1998 -0.28% -0.7%
1999 1.06% -1.27%
2000 1.79% -0.83%
2001 1.13% 0.7%
2002 0.25% -0.64%
2003 0.14% -1.26%
2004 2.23% -1.04%
2005 5.2% -1.03%
2006 5.29% -1.03%
2007 5.31% -0.39%
2008 3.46% -0.21%
2009 -2.75% -1%
2010 -2.52% -1.34%
2011 -1.77% -2.89%
2012 -3.2% -2.28%
2013 -0.94% -1.62%
2014 1.43% -1.57%
2015 -0.9% -2.04%
2016 0.3% -2.98%
2017 1.69% -3.27%
2018 0.81% -2.9%
2019 4.28% -2.22%
2020 0.36% -5.42%
2021 4.1% -4.86%
2022 3.44% -6.74%
2023 3.31% -5.19%
2024 4.5% -3.97%
2025 1.2% -3.02%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 2.56% in Ivory Coast. In 2024, inflation was 1.37% in Denmark and 3.47% in Ivory Coast.

Inflation
Denmark

Ivory Coast
Year Inflation
Denmark Ivory Coast Denmark Ivory Coast
1996 2.13% 2.48%
1997 2.18% 4.02%
1998 1.85% 4.61%
1999 2.5% 0.7%
2000 2.9% 2.53%
2001 2.34% 4.36%
2002 2.42% 3.08%
2003 2.08% 3.3%
2004 1.15% 1.46%
2005 1.82% 3.89%
2006 1.92% 2.47%
2007 1.69% 1.89%
2008 3.42% 6.31%
2009 1.3% 1.02%
2010 2.31% 1.23%
2011 2.76% 4.91%
2012 2.4% 1.3%
2013 0.79% 2.58%
2014 0.56% 0.45%
2015 0.45% 1.25%
2016 0.25% 0.72%
2017 1.15% 0.69%
2018 0.81% 0.36%
2019 0.76% -1.11%
2020 0.42% 2.43%
2021 1.85% 4.09%
2022 7.7% 5.28%
2023 3.31% 4.39%
2024 1.37% 3.47%

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $10.5M
Machinery & equipment $10M
Animal & marine products $1.82M
Chemicals & pharma $1.25M
Textiles & consumer goods $903K
Raw agricultural goods $545K
Metals $380K
Wood & paper products $247K
Raw materials & minerals $125K
Miscellaneous $17K
Ivory Coast
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $31.2M
Raw agricultural goods $18.1M
Raw materials & minerals $17.9M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.16M
Wood & paper products $377K
Textiles & consumer goods $65K
Metals $16K
Chemicals & pharma $3K

Balance of trade

Denmark Ivory Coast
Current account balance
$52.1B
2024
-$9.21B
2023
Current account balance ranking
11/189
2024
175/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.1%
2024
-11.6%
2023
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$15.4B
2023
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$17.1B
2023
Service imports
$125B
2024
$8.78B
2023
Service exports
$129B
2024
$1.5B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
58.9%
2024
27.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
69.7%
2024
27.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Ivory Coast
Economic freedom 79.1 57.8
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 112/197
Property rights 99.3 46.3
Government integrity 98 36.6
Judicial effectiveness 90.5 31.1
Tax burden 45 82.2
Government spending 33.6 86.3
Fiscal health 98.2 42.4
Business freedom 93 65.2
Labor freedom 64.9 56.8
Monetary freedom 76.6 66.5
Trade freedom 79.6 70
Investment freedom 90 60
Financial freedom 80 50

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79.1, ranking 8/197, compared to 57.8 for Ivory Coast, ranking 112/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Denmark
Ivory Coast
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Ivory Coast
1995 - 53.4
1996 67.3 49.9
1997 67.5 50.5
1998 67.5 51.3
1999 68.1 51.7
2000 68.3 50.2
2001 68.3 54.8
2002 71.1 57.3
2003 73.2 56.7
2004 72.4 57.8
2005 75.3 56.6
2006 75.4 56.2
2007 77 54.9
2008 79.2 53.9
2009 79.6 55
2010 77.9 54.1
2011 78.6 55.4
2012 76.2 54.3
2013 76.1 54.1
2014 76.1 57.7
2015 76.3 58.5
2016 75.3 60
2017 75.1 63
2018 76.6 62
2019 76.7 62.4
2020 78.3 59.7
2021 77.8 61.7
2022 78 61.6
2023 77.6 60.4
2024 77.8 58.4
2025 79.1 57.8

More economic indicators

Denmark Ivory Coast
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
53.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2024
22.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.74%
2024
17.9%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$441B
2024
$80.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$82,240
2024
$7,350
2024
Total reserves including gold
$108B
2024
n/a
Total reserves ranking
25/177
2024
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
$11.9B
2024
-$2B
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.5B
2024
$3.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.4B
2024
$563M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
4.64%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
37.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.6%
2024
24.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Economy vs Denmark vs Ivory Coast
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.