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Economy of Denmark vs Pakistan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Denmark has a GDP of $463B compared to $407B for Pakistan, ranking 36/197 and 41/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $127B in government debt (27.5% of GDP), compared to $297B (72.8% of GDP) in Pakistan.

Denmark vs Pakistan GDP by year

Denmark
Pakistan
1x
Year GDP, current $
Denmark Pakistan
2025 $462,526,660,468 $407,307,214,476
2024 $424,524,722,037 $371,747,087,751
2023 $404,651,706,118 $336,686,348,609
2022 $400,114,306,337 $374,890,295,667
2021 $406,110,162,088 $348,516,647,445
2020 $355,631,021,932 $300,425,609,818
2019 $345,401,473,013 $320,909,472,771
2018 $355,293,374,912 $356,128,166,705
2017 $331,610,593,962 $339,205,534,861
2016 $312,181,849,372 $313,630,000,130
2015 $301,758,922,338 $299,963,590,535
2014 $352,832,602,064 $271,390,474,858
2013 $344,631,016,965 $258,657,231,672
2012 $326,792,574,245 $250,106,966,105
2011 $344,315,595,263 $230,586,581,060
2010 $322,345,594,075 $196,709,621,850
2009 $322,619,152,195 $187,337,783,856
2008 $354,979,471,960 $202,203,748,584
2007 $320,213,157,595 $184,140,869,997
2006 $283,386,151,544 $161,871,385,506
2005 $265,150,087,712 $145,208,562,961
2004 $251,986,155,631 $132,216,048,339
2003 $218,421,193,436 $112,371,913,741
2002 $178,788,209,558 $97,923,302,809
2001 $164,881,594,415 $97,145,618,480
2000 $164,043,817,224 $99,484,802,345
1999 $177,887,720,536 $62,973,857,069
1998 $176,877,077,513 $62,191,955,814
1997 $173,241,365,735 $62,433,340,468
1996 $187,481,157,846 $63,320,170,084
1995 $184,848,481,008 $60,636,071,684
1994 $156,017,919,221 $52,293,470,813
1993 $143,111,306,004 $51,809,999,353
1992 $152,966,494,260 $48,884,671,947
1991 $139,180,507,778 $45,625,336,680
1990 $138,217,740,684 $40,010,423,970
1989 $112,312,200,761 $40,171,106,279
1988 $115,540,189,705 $38,472,742,808
1987 $109,183,446,340 $33,351,529,275
1986 $87,748,695,217 $31,899,070,056
1985 $62,452,421,011 $31,144,920,844
1984 $58,868,891,335 $31,151,825,467
1983 $60,331,158,447 $28,691,889,764
1982 $60,084,214,872 $30,725,971,564
1981 $61,459,941,461 $28,100,606,061
1980 $70,811,287,816 $23,654,444,444
1979 $70,393,030,603 $19,688,383,838
1978 $60,320,089,218 $17,811,515,152
1977 $49,711,709,588 $15,126,060,606
1976 $44,503,607,444 $13,168,080,808
1975 $40,418,967,666 $11,230,606,061
1974 $34,125,712,481 $8,899,191,919
1973 $30,718,181,337 $6,383,429,490
1972 $23,230,667,549 $9,415,016,360
1971 $19,086,192,720 $10,665,896,682
1970 $17,075,457,733 $10,027,509,450
1969 $15,414,902,667 $8,683,116,338
1968 $13,505,574,133 $8,041,999,160
1967 $13,059,064,806 $7,464,510,710
1966 $11,931,740,293 $6,561,108,778
1965 $10,870,670,865 $5,929,231,415
1964 $9,677,401,337 $5,204,955,901
1963 $8,466,044,980 $4,630,827,383
1962 $7,953,274,741 $4,310,163,797
1961 $7,058,361,229 $4,118,647,627
1960 $6,361,166,545 $3,749,265,015

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/pakistan | CC BY

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Pakistan by year

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Pakistan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Denmark Pakistan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $76,970 - $1,596 -
2024 $71,026 $81,878 $1,479 $6,252
2023 $68,044 $77,892 $1,360 $6,014
2022 $67,781 $78,914 $1,538 $5,920
2021 $69,341 $69,715 $1,455 $5,367
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $1,278 $5,048
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $1,390 $5,038
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $1,569 $4,979
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $1,519 $4,790
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $1,425 $4,631
2015 $53,094 $48,897 $1,380 $4,480
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $1,267 $4,313
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $1,225 $4,174
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $1,204 $4,047
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $1,132 $3,880
2010 $58,105 $43,038 $987 $3,786
2009 $58,413 $40,524 $964 $3,777
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $1,067 $3,721
2007 $58,632 $39,110 $998 $3,672
2006 $52,119 $37,392 $901 $3,515
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $828 $3,293
2004 $46,625 $33,016 $772 $3,048
2003 $40,519 $30,864 $672 $2,822
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $600 $2,688
2001 $30,768 $29,459 $610 $2,644
2000 $30,722 $28,648 $642 $2,565
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $418 $2,475
1998 $33,346 $25,799 $424 $2,419
1997 $32,780 $24,887 $438 $2,398
1996 $35,622 $23,723 $457 $2,401
1995 $35,321 $22,677 $451 $2,315
1994 $29,968 $21,669 $400 $2,224
1993 $27,582 $20,217 $408 $2,160
1992 $29,579 $19,830 $396 $2,132
1991 $27,003 $19,067 $380 $1,992
1990 $26,886 $18,225 $344 $1,895
1989 $21,882 - $358 -
1988 $22,525 - $354 -
1987 $21,296 - $317 -
1986 $17,137 - $314 -
1985 $12,213 - $317 -
1984 $11,517 - $327 -
1983 $11,797 - $311 -
1982 $11,740 - $345 -
1981 $12,000 - $328 -
1980 $13,822 - $287.4 -
1979 $13,757 - $249.2 -
1978 $11,818 - $233.4 -
1977 $9,770 - $204.7 -
1976 $8,773 - $183.9 -
1975 $7,988 - $161.7 -
1974 $6,764 - $132 -
1973 $6,117 - $97.5 -
1972 $4,654 - $148.1 -
1971 $3,846 - $172.5 -
1970 $3,464 - $166.7 -
1969 $3,151 - $148.5 -
1968 $2,776 - $141.6 -
1967 $2,701 - $135.2 -
1966 $2,487 - $122.2 -
1965 $2,284 - $113.6 -
1964 $2,049 - $102.5 -
1963 $1,807 - $93.7 -
1962 $1,711 - $89.5 -
1961 $1,531 - $87.8 -
1960 $1,389 - $82 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/pakistan | CC BY

Denmark's GDP per capita is $76,970, ranking 11/197, compared to $1,596 in Pakistan, ranking 164/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $81,878, while Pakistan ranks 150th at $6,252.

Economic indicators

Denmark Pakistan
Gross domestic product
$463B
2025
$407B
2025
GDP rank
36/197
2025
41/197
2025
GDP growth
2.93%
2024-2025
3.7%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$76,970
2025
$1,596
2025
GDP per capita rank
11/197
2025
164/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$81,878
2024
$6,252
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
14/197
2024
150/197
2024
Government debt
$127B
2025
$297B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
27.5%
2025
72.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$21,192
2025
$1,162
2025
Government debt per person rank
32/185
2025
138/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$52,602
2026
$1,775
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
$70.3B
2025
Number of millionaires
376,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
27.7%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
3.4%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.6%
2025
21.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.89%
2024-2025
3.55%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
11.5%
2026
Unemployment rate
6.4%
2025
6.96%
2025
Population
6042125
261421997

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Denmark
Spending

Debt
Pakistan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Denmark Pakistan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 47.6% 27.5% 21.2% 72.8%
2024 47.3% 30.5% 19.4% 70.2%
2023 47.4% 33% 19.3% 78.5%
2022 45.1% 33.3% 20% 77.3%
2021 49.7% 39.6% 18.5% 74.7%
2020 53.3% 45.2% 20.3% 80.8%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 19.1% 78.7%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 19.1% 66.3%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 19.1% 62.1%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 17.7% 62.1%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 17.8% 59.1%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 18.1% 58.8%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 19.5% 59.2%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 19.4% 58.4%
2011 56.3% 50% 17.9% 56.2%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 18.3% 56.7%
2009 56.3% 43% 17.3% 54.6%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 18% 49.5%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 16.1% 44.2%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 14.5% 46.2%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 13% 47.9%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 12.1% 50.6%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 12.9% 56.3%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 14.4% 60.5%
2001 53% 50.1% 12.9% 65.1%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 13.8% 61.7%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 13.2% 60.7%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 14.1% 53.8%
1997 56.2% 64.4% 13.7% 52.8%
1996 58.2% 68.3% 15% 52.5%
1995 58.7% 71.5% 14% 52.3%
1994 59.5% 75.3% 14.5% 58.5%
1993 59.5% 78.7% 17% 57.9%
1992 56.4% 66.7% 22.6% 53.3%
1991 55.5% 63.2% 21.4% 55.8%
1990 55.1% 62.4% 23.9% 48.3%
1989 56.2% 62.2% 26.1% 46.6%
1988 56.1% 64.7% 27.9% 45%
1987 54% 62.5% 29.5% 44.4%
1986 52.3% 66.8% 27.6% 43.1%
1985 55.5% 74.7% 28.3% 37%
1984 56.6% 77.7% 25.4% 33.4%
1983 57.9% 74.2% 24.8% 33.6%
1982 57.7% 64.5% 24.5% 33.8%
1981 56.3% 51.7% 21.6% 29.7%
1980 52.7% 39.2% 22% 33.3%
1979 49.6% 31.8% 25.3% 36.8%
1978 47.2% 25.5% 25.5% 36.1%
1977 45.6% 15.2% 20.4% 36.4%
1976 45% 11.4% 21% 35.8%
1975 45.3% 7.01% 20.4% 32.1%
1974 43.6% 6.2% 15.3% 38%
1973 39.5% 8.94% 13.9% 43.4%
1972 42.1% 11.5% 13.5% 88.7%
1971 42.2% 12.9% 22.1% 33.2%
1970 24.4% 7.62% 23.6% 31.6%
1969 25.3% 8.36% 15.6% 29.1%
1968 24.3% 9.36% 13.7% 27.5%
1967 22.2% 10.1% 12.9% 25.9%
1966 21.1% 11.2% 12.2% 25.1%
1965 17.1% 12.9% 11.2% 22.7%
1964 17.6% 14.5% 12.1% 21.3%
1963 18.2% 13.7% 14.7% 19.2%
1962 17% 15.3% 11.8% 16.6%
1961 15.6% 16.4% 10.6% 19.6%
1960 16.4% 20.1% 10% 19.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1993, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/pakistan | CC BY

In 2025, Denmark's government spending was $220B, accounting for 47.6% of its GDP, while Pakistan spent $86.4B, or 21.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 27.5% in Denmark and 72.8% in Pakistan, ranking 161/185 and 53/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Pakistan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Pakistan
2025 2.85% -5.37%
2024 4.46% -6.79%
2023 3.43% -7.76%
2022 3.39% -7.84%
2021 4.08% -6.04%
2020 0.36% -7.03%
2019 4.28% -7.79%
2018 0.81% -5.67%
2017 1.69% -5.17%
2016 0.3% -3.92%
2015 -0.9% -4.74%
2014 1.43% -4.37%
2013 -0.94% -7.48%
2012 -3.2% -7.74%
2011 -1.77% -6.23%
2010 -2.52% -5.42%
2009 -2.75% -4.53%
2008 3.46% -5.94%
2007 5.31% -4.23%
2006 5.29% -2.79%
2005 5.2% -2.29%
2004 2.23% -1.29%
2003 0.14% -0.12%
2002 0.25% -2.64%
2001 1.13% -2.45%
2000 1.79% -3.21%
1999 1.06% -3.07%
1998 -0.28% -4.46%
1997 -1.22% -3.87%
1996 -2.4% -4.33%
1995 -3.5% -3.9%
1994 -3.85% -3.63%
1993 -3.73% -5.53%
1992 -2.6% -11.3%
1991 -3.15% -10.8%
1990 -1.78% -11.9%
1989 0.3% -7.01%
1988 1.46% -9.35%
1987 2.46% -11.7%
1986 3.23% -9.79%
1985 -1.38% -10.6%
1984 -3.58% -8.9%
1983 -6.29% -7.55%
1982 -8.22% -8.24%
1981 -5.84% -5.83%
1980 -2.32% -5.32%
1979 -0.69% -11.6%
1978 0.41% -12.4%
1977 0.37% -8.74%
1976 0.19% -9.05%
1975 -1.23% -8.97%
1974 3.7% -4.45%
1973 4.97% -3.99%
1972 5.01% -3.16%
1971 4.96% -7.45%
1970 0.7% -10.8%
1969 0.3% -7.08%
1968 -0.06% -5.56%
1967 1.49% -4.27%
1966 0.99% -4.48%
1965 2.13% -3.28%
1964 1.79% -4.89%
1963 1.2% -6.55%
1962 -0.09% -3.39%
1961 1.73% -4.6%
1960 1.25% -3.83%
1959 0.79% -3.71%
1958 0.25% -4.2%
1957 0.26% -2.21%
1956 -0.01% -2.36%
1955 -1.17% -2%
1954 -0.84% -3.18%
1953 1.75% -2.66%
1952 1.18% -0.73%
1951 0.79% 0.63%
1950 1.08% -1.24%
1949 0.63% -
1948 1.07% -
1947 0.84% -
1946 2.69% -
1945 -1.03% -
1944 0% -
1943 0% -
1942 0% -
1941 0% -
1940 0% -
1939 0% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 0.22% -
1936 -1.36% -
1935 -0.97% -
1934 0.03% -
1933 1.69% -
1932 -3.22% -
1931 -1.67% -
1930 0.03% -
1929 0.13% -
1928 -4.99% -
1927 -2.33% -
1926 -0.48% -
1925 -3.1% -
1924 -0.8% -
1923 -0.56% -
1922 -1.33% -
1921 -2.41% -
1920 -0.46% -
1919 -0.38% -
1918 1.95% -
1917 3.1% -
1916 1.51% -
1915 -0.48% -
1914 0.43% -
1913 0.07% -
1912 0.13% -
1911 -1.02% -
1910 -1.72% -
1909 -2.49% -
1908 -0.82% -
1907 0.26% -
1906 -0.42% -
1905 0.22% -
1904 -0.1% -
1903 0.03% -
1902 -0.06% -
1901 -0.71% -
1900 -0.84% -
1899 -0.59% -
1898 -0.43% -
1897 -0.61% -
1896 -0.07% -
1895 -0.17% -
1894 -0.26% -
1893 -0.42% -
1892 -0.73% -
1891 -0.76% -
1890 -0.97% -
1889 -0.55% -
1888 -0.49% -
1887 -0.68% -
1886 -0.39% -
1885 0.48% -
1884 1.2% -
1883 0.73% -
1882 0.35% -
1881 0.42% -
1880 -2.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/pakistan | CC BY

In 2025, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $13.2B, equivalent to 2.85% of GDP. This compares to Pakistan's deficit of $21.9B, or 5.37% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while Pakistan ran a deficit in 66 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to 0.41% of GDP, compared to deficit of 6.13% of GDP for Pakistan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Denmark

Pakistan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Denmark Pakistan
2025 1.89% 3.55%
2024 1.37% 12.6%
2023 3.31% 30.8%
2022 7.7% 19.9%
2021 1.85% 9.5%
2020 0.42% 9.74%
2019 0.76% 10.6%
2018 0.81% 5.08%
2017 1.15% 4.09%
2016 0.25% 3.77%
2015 0.45% 2.53%
2014 0.56% 7.19%
2013 0.79% 7.69%
2012 2.4% 9.68%
2011 2.76% 11.9%
2010 2.31% 12.9%
2009 1.3% 13.6%
2008 3.42% 20.3%
2007 1.69% 7.6%
2006 1.92% 7.92%
2005 1.82% 9.06%
2004 1.15% 7.44%
2003 2.08% 2.91%
2002 2.42% 3.29%
2001 2.34% 3.15%
2000 2.9% 4.37%
1999 2.5% 4.14%
1998 1.85% 6.23%
1997 2.18% 11.4%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/pakistan | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.94%, compared with 9.07% in Pakistan. In 2025, inflation was 1.89% in Denmark and 3.55% in Pakistan.

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $29.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $27.5M
Metals $25.2M
Machinery & equipment $19.4M
Animal & marine products $2.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.89M
Wood & paper products $1.25M
Raw materials & minerals $1.23M
Raw agricultural goods $320K
Miscellaneous $226K
Pakistan
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $285M
Raw agricultural goods $8.72M
Machinery & equipment $3.48M
Raw materials & minerals $879K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $787K
Metals $151K
Chemicals & pharma $111K
Wood & paper products $105K
Miscellaneous $92K
Animal & marine products $17K

Balance of trade

Denmark Pakistan
Current account balance
$51.8B
2024
-$448M
2025
Current account balance ranking
13/190
2024
102/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.2%
2024
-0.11%
2025
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$62.6B
2025
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$31.5B
2025
Service imports
$125B
2024
$12B
2025
Service exports
$129B
2024
$9.09B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
59.1%
2025
17.2%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
70.1%
2025
9.99%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Pakistan
Economic freedom 79 48.9
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 168/197
Property rights 99.9 25.7
Government integrity 98 26.3
Judicial effectiveness 89.3 27.6
Tax burden 43.4 78.2
Government spending 34.8 88.5
Fiscal health 98 10.1
Business freedom 90.4 54.4
Labor freedom 65 51.7
Monetary freedom 80.1 54.1
Trade freedom 79.4 70.4
Investment freedom 90 60
Financial freedom 80 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Denmark
Pakistan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Pakistan
2026 79 48.9
2025 79.1 49.1
2024 77.8 49.5
2023 77.6 49.4
2022 78 48.8
2021 77.8 51.7
2020 78.3 54.8
2019 76.7 55
2018 76.6 54.4
2017 75.1 52.8
2016 75.3 55.9
2015 76.3 55.6
2014 76.1 55.2
2013 76.1 55.1
2012 76.2 54.7
2011 78.6 55.1
2010 77.9 55.2
2009 79.6 57
2008 79.2 55.6
2007 77 57.2
2006 75.4 57.9
2005 75.3 53.3
2004 72.4 54.9
2003 73.2 55
2002 71.1 55.8
2001 68.3 56
2000 68.3 56.4
1999 68.1 53
1998 67.5 53.2
1997 67.5 56
1996 67.3 58.4
1995 - 57.6

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/pakistan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79, ranking 8/197, compared to 48.9 for Pakistan, ranking 168/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Denmark Pakistan
Services, % of GDP
62.7%
2025
50.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24.8%
2025
20.1%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.17%
2025
23%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$464B
2025
$382B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$85,460
2025
$6,430
2025
Total reserves including gold
$128B
2025
$26.5B
2025
Total reserves ranking
24/177
2025
62/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
-$1.58B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.2B
2024
$2.66B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.7B
2024
$84M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.5%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
21.9%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.1%
2025
14.3%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/pakistan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1993, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.