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Economy of Denmark vs Sri Lanka compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Denmark has a GDP of $425B compared to $99B for Sri Lanka, ranking 37/197 and 72/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $134B in government debt (31.5% of GDP), compared to $99.8B (100.8% of GDP) in Sri Lanka.

Denmark vs Sri Lanka GDP by year

Denmark
Sri Lanka
1x
Year GDP, current $
Denmark Sri Lanka
2024 $424,524,722,037 $98,963,185,510
2023 $404,651,706,118 $83,716,142,582
2022 $400,114,306,337 $74,143,020,263
2021 $406,110,162,088 $88,556,698,938
2020 $355,631,021,932 $84,335,574,582
2019 $345,401,473,013 $88,998,706,297
2018 $355,293,374,912 $94,450,015,983
2017 $331,610,593,962 $94,369,350,286
2016 $312,181,849,372 $88,000,211,172
2015 $301,758,922,338 $85,090,301,052
2014 $352,832,602,064 $82,531,125,191
2013 $344,631,016,965 $76,976,203,829
2012 $326,792,574,245 $70,447,217,164
2011 $344,315,595,263 $67,753,285,897
2010 $322,345,594,075 $58,636,049,434
2009 $322,619,152,195 $42,066,224,093
2008 $354,979,471,960 $40,713,826,215
2007 $320,213,157,595 $32,350,238,760
2006 $283,386,151,544 $28,267,410,543
2005 $265,150,087,712 $24,405,791,045
2004 $251,986,155,631 $20,662,525,941
2003 $218,421,193,436 $18,881,765,437
2002 $178,788,209,558 $16,536,535,647
2001 $164,881,594,415 $15,749,753,805
2000 $164,043,817,224 $16,595,882,819
1999 $177,887,720,536 $15,711,933,513
1998 $176,877,077,513 $15,760,736,956
1997 $173,241,365,735 $15,091,913,884
1996 $187,481,157,846 $13,897,738,375
1995 $184,848,481,008 $13,029,697,561
1994 $156,017,919,221 $11,717,604,209
1993 $143,111,306,004 $10,338,679,636
1992 $152,966,494,260 $9,703,011,636
1991 $139,180,507,778 $9,000,362,582
1990 $138,217,740,684 $8,032,551,173
1989 $112,312,200,761 $6,987,267,684
1988 $115,540,189,705 $6,978,371,581
1987 $109,183,446,340 $6,682,167,120
1986 $87,748,695,217 $6,405,210,564
1985 $62,452,421,011 $5,978,460,972
1984 $58,868,891,335 $6,043,474,843
1983 $60,331,158,447 $5,167,913,302
1982 $60,084,214,872 $4,768,765,017
1981 $61,459,941,461 $4,415,844,156
1980 $70,811,287,816 $4,024,621,900
1979 $70,393,030,603 $3,364,611,432
1978 $60,320,089,218 $2,733,183,857
1977 $49,711,709,588 $4,104,509,583
1976 $44,503,607,444 $3,591,319,857
1975 $40,418,967,666 $3,791,298,146
1974 $34,125,712,481 $3,574,586,466
1973 $30,718,181,337 $2,875,625,000
1972 $23,230,667,549 $2,553,936,348
1971 $19,086,192,720 $2,369,308,600
1970 $17,075,457,733 $2,296,470,588
1969 $15,414,902,667 $1,965,546,218
1968 $13,505,574,133 $1,801,344,538
1967 $13,059,064,806 $1,859,465,021
1966 $11,931,740,293 $1,751,470,588
1965 $10,870,670,865 $1,698,319,328
1964 $9,677,401,337 $1,309,747,899
1963 $8,466,044,980 $1,240,672,269
1962 $7,953,274,741 $1,434,156,379
1961 $7,058,361,229 $1,444,327,731
1960 $6,361,166,545 $1,409,873,950

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/sri-lanka | CC BY

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Sri Lanka by year

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sri Lanka
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Denmark Sri Lanka
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $71,026 $81,878 $4,516 $15,633
2023 $68,044 $77,892 $3,799 $14,456
2022 $67,781 $78,914 $3,343 $14,194
2021 $69,341 $69,715 $3,997 $14,316
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $3,848 $12,941
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $4,082 $14,113
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $4,359 $14,178
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $4,399 $13,610
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $4,149 $13,079
2015 $53,094 $48,897 $4,058 $12,227
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $3,972 $11,721
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $3,739 $11,253
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $3,328 $10,249
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $3,225 $9,076
2010 $58,105 $43,038 $2,808 $8,234
2009 $58,413 $40,524 $2,027 $7,576
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $1,974 $7,317
2007 $58,632 $39,110 $1,579 $6,820
2006 $52,119 $37,392 $1,389 $6,261
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $1,207 $5,679
2004 $46,625 $33,016 $1,029 $5,216
2003 $40,519 $30,864 $946 $4,850
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $835 $4,522
2001 $30,768 $29,459 $804 $4,328
2000 $30,722 $28,648 $860 $4,368
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $829 $4,103
1998 $33,346 $25,799 $848 $3,952
1997 $32,780 $24,887 $827 $3,804
1996 $35,622 $23,723 $776 $3,582
1995 $35,321 $22,677 $742 $3,454
1994 $29,968 $21,669 $678 $3,260
1993 $27,582 $20,217 $607 $3,067
1992 $29,579 $19,830 $580 $2,851
1991 $27,003 $19,067 $546 $2,713
1990 $26,886 $18,225 $491 $2,527
1989 $21,882 - $430 -
1988 $22,525 - $434 -
1987 $21,296 - $420 -
1986 $17,137 - $407 -
1985 $12,213 - $385 -
1984 $11,517 - $391 -
1983 $11,797 - $336 -
1982 $11,740 - $312 -
1981 $12,000 - $292.5 -
1980 $13,822 - $271.1 -
1979 $13,757 - $230.8 -
1978 $11,818 - $191 -
1977 $9,770 - $292.1 -
1976 $8,773 - $260.3 -
1975 $7,988 - $279.8 -
1974 $6,764 - $268.7 -
1973 $6,117 - $220.2 -
1972 $4,654 - $199.4 -
1971 $3,846 - $188.8 -
1970 $3,464 - $186.9 -
1969 $3,151 - $163.6 -
1968 $2,776 - $153.5 -
1967 $2,701 - $162.3 -
1966 $2,487 - $156.6 -
1965 $2,284 - $155.6 -
1964 $2,049 - $122.9 -
1963 $1,807 - $119.4 -
1962 $1,711 - $141.4 -
1961 $1,531 - $145.9 -
1960 $1,389 - $145.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/sri-lanka | CC BY

Denmark's GDP per capita is $71,026, ranking 12/197, compared to $4,516 in Sri Lanka, ranking 124/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $81,878, while Sri Lanka ranks 111th at $15,633.

Economic indicators

Denmark Sri Lanka
Gross domestic product
$425B
2024
$99B
2024
GDP rank
37/197
2024
72/197
2024
GDP growth
3.48%
2023-2024
5.01%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$71,026
2024
$4,516
2024
GDP per capita rank
12/197
2024
124/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$81,878
2024
$15,633
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
14/197
2024
111/197
2024
Government debt
$134B
2024
$99.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
31.5%
2024
100.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$22,340
2024
$4,554
2024
Government debt per person rank
30/185
2024
85/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$53,468
2026
$2,874
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
$19.5B
2024
Number of millionaires
376,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
30.8%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
3.1%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.3%
2024
19.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.37%
2023-2024
-0.43%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
7.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.15%
2024
4.67%
2023
Population
6032403
22185425

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Denmark
Spending

Debt
Sri Lanka
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Denmark Sri Lanka
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 47.3% 31.5% 19.3% 100.8%
2023 47.4% 33.8% 19.5% 110.4%
2022 45.1% 34.2% 18.6% 115.9%
2021 49.7% 40.7% 20% 102.7%
2020 53.3% 46.3% 22.1% 96.9%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 19.5% 82.6%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 17.5% 83.6%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 17.9% 72.3%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 18.2% 75%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 19.3% 76.3%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 17.2% 69.6%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 16.6% 69.5%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 17.3% 67.5%
2011 56.3% 50% 19.1% 69.4%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 19.3% 68.7%
2009 56.3% 43% 21% 72.8%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 19.1% 68.8%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 19.9% 71.8%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 20.5% 74.3%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 20.1% 76.6%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 19.3% 86.5%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 19.3% 86.5%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 20.8% 96.3%
2001 53% 50.1% 22.4% 84.4%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 21.7% 79.2%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 20.5% 77.7%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 21.4% 74.2%
1997 56.2% 64.4% 21.4% 70.1%
1996 58.2% 68.3% 23.1% 76.2%
1995 58.7% 71.5% 24.8% 77.8%
1994 59.5% 75.3% 24.1% 77.9%
1993 59.5% 78.7% 23.2% 79.2%
1992 56.4% 66.7% 23% 77.9%
1991 55.5% 63.2% 26.4% 80.5%
1990 55.1% 62.4% 25.4% 78.9%
1989 56.2% 62.2% - -
1988 56.1% 64.7% - -
1987 54% 62.5% - -
1986 52.3% 66.8% - -
1985 55.5% 74.7% - -
1984 56.6% 77.7% - -
1983 57.9% 74.2% - -
1982 57.7% 64.5% - -
1981 56.3% 51.7% - -
1980 52.7% 39.2% - -
1979 49.6% 31.8% - -
1978 47.2% 25.5% - -
1977 45.6% 15.2% - -
1976 45% 11.4% - -
1975 45.3% 7.01% - -
1974 43.6% 6.2% - -
1973 39.5% 8.94% - -
1972 42.1% 11.5% - -
1971 42.2% 12.9% - -
1970 24.4% 7.62% - -
1969 25.3% 8.36% - -
1968 24.3% 9.36% - -
1967 22.2% 10.1% - -
1966 21.1% 11.2% - -
1965 17.1% 12.9% - -
1964 17.6% 14.5% - -
1963 18.2% 13.7% - -
1962 17% 15.3% - -
1961 15.6% 16.4% - -
1960 16.4% 20.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1991, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/sri-lanka | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government spending was $201B, accounting for 47.3% of its GDP, while Sri Lanka spent $19.1B, or 19.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 31.5% in Denmark and 100.8% in Sri Lanka, ranking 155/185 and 23/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Sri Lanka
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Sri Lanka
2024 4.46% -5.64%
2023 3.43% -8.32%
2022 3.39% -10.2%
2021 4.12% -11.7%
2020 0.36% -13.4%
2019 4.28% -7.52%
2018 0.81% -4.96%
2017 1.69% -5.1%
2016 0.3% -5%
2015 -0.9% -6.64%
2014 1.43% -5.99%
2013 -0.94% -5%
2012 -3.2% -5.44%
2011 -1.77% -6.01%
2010 -2.52% -6.73%
2009 -2.75% -8.33%
2008 3.46% -5.93%
2007 5.31% -5.81%
2006 5.29% -5.91%
2005 5.2% -5.93%
2004 2.23% -6.32%
2003 0.14% -6.15%
2002 0.25% -6.9%
2001 1.13% -8.48%
2000 1.79% -7.78%
1999 1.06% -5.58%
1998 -0.28% -6.79%
1997 -1.22% -5.71%
1996 -2.4% -6.89%
1995 -3.5% -7.11%
1994 -3.85% -7.41%
1993 -3.73% -5.77%
1992 -2.6% -4.95%
1991 -3.15% -7.97%
1990 -1.78% -6.39%
1989 0.3% -
1988 1.46% -
1987 2.46% -
1986 3.23% -
1985 -1.38% -
1984 -3.58% -
1983 -6.29% -
1982 -8.22% -
1981 -5.84% -
1980 -2.32% -
1979 -0.69% -
1978 0.41% -
1977 0.37% -
1976 0.19% -
1975 -1.23% -
1974 3.7% -
1973 4.97% -
1972 5.01% -
1971 4.96% -
1970 0.7% -
1969 0.3% -
1968 -0.06% -
1967 1.49% -
1966 0.99% -
1965 2.13% -
1964 1.79% -
1963 1.2% -
1962 -0.09% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 1.25% -
1959 0.79% -
1958 0.25% -
1957 0.26% -
1956 -0.01% -
1955 -1.17% -
1954 -0.84% -
1953 1.75% -
1952 1.18% -
1951 0.79% -
1950 1.08% -
1949 0.63% -
1948 1.07% -
1947 0.84% -
1946 2.69% -
1945 -1.03% -
1944 0% -
1943 0% -
1942 0% -
1941 0% -
1940 0% -
1939 0% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 0.22% -
1936 -1.36% -
1935 -0.97% -
1934 0.03% -
1933 1.69% -
1932 -3.22% -
1931 -1.67% -
1930 0.03% -
1929 0.13% -
1928 -4.99% -
1927 -2.33% -
1926 -0.48% -
1925 -3.1% -
1924 -0.8% -
1923 -0.56% -
1922 -1.33% -
1921 -2.41% -
1920 -0.46% -
1919 -0.38% -
1918 1.95% -
1917 3.1% -
1916 1.51% -
1915 -0.48% -
1914 0.43% -
1913 0.07% -
1912 0.13% -
1911 -1.02% -
1910 -1.72% -
1909 -2.49% -
1908 -0.82% -
1907 0.26% -
1906 -0.42% -
1905 0.22% -
1904 -0.1% -
1903 0.03% -
1902 -0.06% -
1901 -0.71% -
1900 -0.84% -
1899 -0.59% -
1898 -0.43% -
1897 -0.61% -
1896 -0.07% -
1895 -0.17% -
1894 -0.26% -
1893 -0.42% -
1892 -0.73% -
1891 -0.76% -
1890 -0.97% -
1889 -0.55% -
1888 -0.49% -
1887 -0.68% -
1886 -0.39% -
1885 0.48% -
1884 1.2% -
1883 0.73% -
1882 0.35% -
1881 0.42% -
1880 -2.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/sri-lanka | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $18.9B, equivalent to 4.46% of GDP. This compares to Sri Lanka's deficit of $5.58B, or 5.64% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 15 of those years, while Sri Lanka ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to 0.44% of GDP, compared to deficit of 6.85% of GDP for Sri Lanka.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Denmark

Sri Lanka
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Denmark Sri Lanka
2024 1.37% -0.43%
2023 3.31% 16.5%
2022 7.7% 49.7%
2021 1.85% 7.01%
2020 0.42% 6.15%
2019 0.76% 3.53%
2018 0.81% 2.14%
2017 1.15% 7.7%
2016 0.25% 3.96%
2015 0.45% 3.77%
2014 0.56% 3.18%
2013 0.79% 6.91%
2012 2.4% 7.54%
2011 2.76% 6.72%
2010 2.31% 6.22%
2009 1.3% 3.46%
2008 3.42% 22.6%
2007 1.69% 15.8%
2006 1.92% 10%
2005 1.82% 11.6%
2004 1.15% 7.58%
2003 2.08% 6.31%
2002 2.42% 9.55%
2001 2.34% 14.2%
2000 2.9% 6.18%
1999 2.5% 4.69%
1998 1.85% 9.36%
1997 2.18% 9.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/sri-lanka | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 9.34% in Sri Lanka. In 2024, inflation was 1.37% in Denmark and -0.43% in Sri Lanka.

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $14.1M
Chemicals & pharma $3.05M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.9M
Metals $2.23M
Animal & marine products $1.81M
Raw materials & minerals $531K
Textiles & consumer goods $401K
Miscellaneous $76K
Wood & paper products $41K
Raw agricultural goods $40K
Sri Lanka
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $5.62M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.23M
Raw agricultural goods $4.14M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.95M
Raw materials & minerals $2.86M
Animal & marine products $280K
Precious metals & jewellery $182K
Wood & paper products $101K
Chemicals & pharma $40K
Metals $12K

Balance of trade

Denmark Sri Lanka
Current account balance
$52.1B
2024
$1.21B
2024
Current account balance ranking
14/190
2024
53/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.3%
2024
+1.22%
2024
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$18.8B
2024
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$12.8B
2024
Service imports
$125B
2024
$3.48B
2024
Service exports
$129B
2024
$6.91B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
60.8%
2024
22.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
71%
2024
19.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Sri Lanka
Economic freedom 79 50.3
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 162/197
Property rights 99.9 47.3
Government integrity 98 37.3
Judicial effectiveness 89.3 47.2
Tax burden 43.4 77
Government spending 34.8 89
Fiscal health 98 0
Business freedom 90.4 60.1
Labor freedom 65 54.3
Monetary freedom 80.1 65.9
Trade freedom 79.4 65.6
Investment freedom 90 30
Financial freedom 80 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Denmark
Sri Lanka
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Sri Lanka
2026 79 50.3
2025 79.1 49.4
2024 77.8 49.2
2023 77.6 52.2
2022 78 53.3
2021 77.8 55.7
2020 78.3 57.4
2019 76.7 56.4
2018 76.6 57.8
2017 75.1 57.4
2016 75.3 59.9
2015 76.3 58.6
2014 76.1 60
2013 76.1 60.7
2012 76.2 58.3
2011 78.6 57.1
2010 77.9 54.6
2009 79.6 56
2008 79.2 58.4
2007 77 59.4
2006 75.4 58.7
2005 75.3 61
2004 72.4 61.6
2003 73.2 62.5
2002 71.1 64
2001 68.3 66
2000 68.3 63.2
1999 68.1 64
1998 67.5 64.6
1997 67.5 65.5
1996 67.3 62.5
1995 - 60.6

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/sri-lanka | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79, ranking 8/197, compared to 50.3 for Sri Lanka, ranking 162/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Denmark Sri Lanka
Services, % of GDP
63.5%
2024
57.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.1%
2024
25.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.93%
2024
8.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$434B
2024
$84.6B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$84,680
2024
$15,240
2024
Total reserves including gold
$108B
2024
$6.09B
2024
Total reserves ranking
25/177
2024
92/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$11.9B
2024
-$651M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.5B
2024
$761M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.7B
2024
$110M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.98%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
14.3%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/sri-lanka | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1991, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.