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Economy of Denmark vs Mauritius compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Denmark has a GDP of $463B compared to $16.2B for Mauritius, ranking 36/197 and 144/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $127B in government debt (27.5% of GDP), compared to $14B (86.5% of GDP) in Mauritius.

Denmark vs Mauritius GDP by year

Denmark
Mauritius
1x
Year GDP, current $
Denmark Mauritius
2025 $462,526,660,468 $16,157,804,492
2024 $424,524,722,037 $14,938,055,690
2023 $404,651,706,118 $14,072,212,290
2022 $400,114,306,337 $12,936,444,123
2021 $406,110,162,088 $11,622,048,697
2020 $355,631,021,932 $11,566,111,138
2019 $345,401,473,013 $14,645,235,205
2018 $355,293,374,912 $14,957,535,716
2017 $331,610,593,962 $13,896,938,315
2016 $312,181,849,372 $12,757,680,847
2015 $301,758,922,338 $12,162,211,503
2014 $352,832,602,064 $13,230,490,082
2013 $344,631,016,965 $12,434,596,541
2012 $326,792,574,245 $11,832,323,837
2011 $344,315,595,263 $11,677,718,382
2010 $322,345,594,075 $10,144,716,155
2009 $322,619,152,195 $9,264,482,256
2008 $354,979,471,960 $10,127,741,915
2007 $320,213,157,595 $8,277,474,850
2006 $283,386,151,544 $7,137,710,413
2005 $265,150,087,712 $6,576,108,447
2004 $251,986,155,631 $6,667,418,752
2003 $218,421,193,436 $5,894,873,920
2002 $178,788,209,558 $4,906,494,249
2001 $164,881,594,415 $4,675,755,867
2000 $164,043,817,224 $4,726,108,622
1999 $177,887,720,536 $4,402,193,195
1998 $176,877,077,513 $4,225,813,976
1997 $173,241,365,735 $4,243,755,308
1996 $187,481,157,846 $4,481,489,762
1995 $184,848,481,008 $4,094,741,652
1994 $156,017,919,221 $3,606,050,873
1993 $143,111,306,004 $3,307,302,126
1992 $152,966,494,260 $3,267,677,814
1991 $139,180,507,778 $2,895,354,736
1990 $138,217,740,684 $2,689,212,760
1989 $112,312,200,761 $2,211,312,823
1988 $115,540,189,705 $2,163,252,449
1987 $109,183,446,340 $1,906,174,438
1986 $87,748,695,217 $1,482,601,552
1985 $62,452,421,011 $1,090,611,325
1984 $58,868,891,335 $1,054,564,759
1983 $60,331,158,447 $1,104,956,573
1982 $60,084,214,872 $1,092,923,636
1981 $61,459,941,461 $1,157,769,444
1980 $70,811,287,816 $1,147,027,924
1979 $70,393,030,603 $1,227,446,632
1978 $60,320,089,218 $1,029,040,323
1977 $49,711,709,588 $834,722,972
1976 $44,503,607,444 $713,510,052
1975 $40,418,967,666 $673,311,287
1974 $34,125,712,481 $669,894,030
1973 $30,718,181,337 $404,285,775
1972 $23,230,667,549 $318,664,900
1971 $19,086,192,720 $251,437,338
1970 $17,075,457,733 $224,125,805
1969 $15,414,902,667 $221,553,613
1968 $13,505,574,133 $206,576,631
1967 $13,059,064,806 $238,439,291
1966 $11,931,740,293 $227,534,083
1965 $10,870,670,865 $230,024,161
1964 $9,677,401,337 $218,914,569
1963 $8,466,044,980 $253,839,558
1962 $7,953,274,741 $197,738,208
1961 $7,058,361,229 $191,757,729
1960 $6,361,166,545 $162,089,564

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/mauritius | CC BY

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Mauritius by year

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mauritius
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Denmark Mauritius
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $76,970 - $12,991 -
2024 $71,026 $81,878 $11,991 $31,840
2023 $68,044 $77,892 $11,270 $29,561
2022 $67,781 $78,914 $10,247 $26,874
2021 $69,341 $69,715 $9,178 $23,010
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $9,136 $21,622
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $11,568 $24,375
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $11,819 $23,416
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $10,987 $22,898
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $10,095 $21,952
2015 $53,094 $48,897 $9,631 $20,270
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $10,490 $19,294
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $9,877 $18,435
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $9,422 $17,259
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $9,324 $16,884
2010 $58,105 $43,038 $8,113 $15,920
2009 $58,413 $40,524 $7,427 $15,105
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $8,140 $14,569
2007 $58,632 $39,110 $6,677 $13,612
2006 $52,119 $37,392 $5,784 $12,593
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $5,354 $11,703
2004 $46,625 $33,016 $5,461 $11,216
2003 $40,519 $30,864 $4,858 $10,535
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $4,073 $9,824
2001 $30,768 $29,459 $3,909 $9,586
2000 $30,722 $28,648 $3,982 $9,143
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $3,746 $8,344
1998 $33,346 $25,799 $3,642 $8,121
1997 $32,780 $24,887 $3,696 $7,651
1996 $35,622 $23,723 $3,952 $7,206
1995 $35,321 $22,677 $3,648 $6,771
1994 $29,968 $21,669 $3,240 $6,414
1993 $27,582 $20,217 $3,014 $6,116
1992 $29,579 $19,830 $3,013 $5,753
1991 $27,003 $19,067 $2,705 $5,351
1990 $26,886 $18,225 $2,540 $5,010
1989 $21,882 - $2,103 -
1988 $22,525 - $2,074 -
1987 $21,296 - $1,840 -
1986 $17,137 - $1,442 -
1985 $12,213 - $1,069 -
1984 $11,517 - $1,042 -
1983 $11,797 - $1,103 -
1982 $11,740 - $1,101 -
1981 $12,000 - $1,181 -
1980 $13,822 - $1,187 -
1979 $13,757 - $1,292 -
1978 $11,818 - $1,102 -
1977 $9,770 - $906 -
1976 $8,773 - $787 -
1975 $7,988 - $755 -
1974 $6,764 - $763 -
1973 $6,117 - $467 -
1972 $4,654 - $374 -
1971 $3,846 - $299.6 -
1970 $3,464 - $271.3 -
1969 $3,151 - $272.7 -
1968 $2,776 - $258.7 -
1967 $2,701 - $304 -
1966 $2,487 - $296 -
1965 $2,284 - $305 -
1964 $2,049 - $297.3 -
1963 $1,807 - $353 -
1962 $1,711 - $282.3 -
1961 $1,531 - $281.7 -
1960 $1,389 - $238.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/mauritius | CC BY

Denmark's GDP per capita is $76,970, ranking 11/197, compared to $12,991 in Mauritius, ranking 80/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $81,878, while Mauritius ranks 71st at $31,840.

Economic indicators

Denmark Mauritius
Gross domestic product
$463B
2025
$16.2B
2025
GDP rank
36/197
2025
144/197
2025
GDP growth
2.93%
2024-2025
3.15%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$76,970
2025
$12,991
2025
GDP per capita rank
11/197
2025
80/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$81,878
2024
$31,840
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
14/197
2024
71/197
2024
Government debt
$127B
2025
$14B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
27.5%
2025
86.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$21,192
2025
$11,233
2025
Government debt per person rank
32/185
2025
55/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$52,602
2026
$8,169
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
$8.89B
2025
Number of millionaires
376,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
29.9%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
2.9%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.6%
2025
31.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.89%
2024-2025
3.67%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
4.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.4%
2025
5.21%
2024
Population
6042125
1240721

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Denmark
Spending

Debt
Mauritius
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Denmark Mauritius
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 47.6% 27.5% 31.4% 86.5%
2024 47.3% 30.5% 32.6% 86.1%
2023 47.4% 33% 28.5% 81.5%
2022 45.1% 33.3% 27.6% 81.8%
2021 49.7% 39.6% 28.3% 86.1%
2020 53.3% 45.2% 32.1% 91.9%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 30.2% 81.1%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 23.9% 63.1%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 23.6% 61.3%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 23.3% 62.6%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 23.7% 63%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 22.5% 59.1%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 23.4% 56.5%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 21.9% 54.2%
2011 56.3% 50% 23% 54.9%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 23.2% 54.4%
2009 56.3% 43% 24.5% 56.8%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 22.4% 48.8%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 20.4% 48.8%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 20.7% 55.3%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 21.8% 58.3%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 21.9% 59.4%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 22.2% 66.9%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 22% 63%
2001 53% 50.1% 21.5% 58.2%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 21.2% 56.9%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 25.9% -
1998 55.6% 60.3% - -
1997 56.2% 64.4% - -
1996 58.2% 68.3% - -
1995 58.7% 71.5% - -
1994 59.5% 75.3% - -
1993 59.5% 78.7% - -
1992 56.4% 66.7% - -
1991 55.5% 63.2% - -
1990 55.1% 62.4% - -
1989 56.2% 62.2% - -
1988 56.1% 64.7% - -
1987 54% 62.5% - -
1986 52.3% 66.8% - -
1985 55.5% 74.7% - -
1984 56.6% 77.7% - -
1983 57.9% 74.2% - -
1982 57.7% 64.5% - -
1981 56.3% 51.7% - -
1980 52.7% 39.2% - -
1979 49.6% 31.8% - -
1978 47.2% 25.5% - -
1977 45.6% 15.2% - -
1976 45% 11.4% - -
1975 45.3% 7.01% - -
1974 43.6% 6.2% - -
1973 39.5% 8.94% - -
1972 42.1% 11.5% - -
1971 42.2% 12.9% - -
1970 24.4% 7.62% - -
1969 25.3% 8.36% - -
1968 24.3% 9.36% - -
1967 22.2% 10.1% - -
1966 21.1% 11.2% - -
1965 17.1% 12.9% - -
1964 17.6% 14.5% - -
1963 18.2% 13.7% - -
1962 17% 15.3% - -
1961 15.6% 16.4% - -
1960 16.4% 20.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1991, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/mauritius | CC BY

In 2025, Denmark's government spending was $220B, accounting for 47.6% of its GDP, while Mauritius spent $5.07B, or 31.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 27.5% in Denmark and 86.5% in Mauritius, ranking 161/185 and 34/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Mauritius
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Mauritius
2025 2.85% -3.69%
2024 4.46% -6.84%
2023 3.43% -4.48%
2022 3.39% -3.15%
2021 4.08% -4.08%
2020 0.36% -10.5%
2019 4.28% -8.19%
2018 0.81% -2.15%
2017 1.69% -1.62%
2016 0.3% -2.74%
2015 -0.9% -3.48%
2014 1.43% -3.05%
2013 -0.94% -3.3%
2012 -3.2% -1.73%
2011 -1.77% -3%
2010 -2.52% -2.96%
2009 -2.75% -3.32%
2008 3.46% -2.63%
2007 5.31% -2.92%
2006 5.29% -3.86%
2005 5.2% -4.2%
2004 2.23% -4.22%
2003 0.14% -4.55%
2002 0.25% -4.89%
2001 1.13% -5.32%
2000 1.79% -4.19%
1999 1.06% -
1998 -0.28% -
1997 -1.22% -
1996 -2.4% -
1995 -3.5% -
1994 -3.85% -
1993 -3.73% -
1992 -2.6% -
1991 -3.15% -
1990 -1.78% -
1989 0.3% -
1988 1.46% -
1987 2.46% -
1986 3.23% -
1985 -1.38% -
1984 -3.58% -
1983 -6.29% -
1982 -8.22% -
1981 -5.84% -
1980 -2.32% -
1979 -0.69% -
1978 0.41% -
1977 0.37% -
1976 0.19% -
1975 -1.23% -
1974 3.7% -
1973 4.97% -
1972 5.01% -
1971 4.96% -
1970 0.7% -
1969 0.3% -
1968 -0.06% -
1967 1.49% -
1966 0.99% -
1965 2.13% -
1964 1.79% -
1963 1.2% -
1962 -0.09% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 1.25% -
1959 0.79% -
1958 0.25% -
1957 0.26% -
1956 -0.01% -
1955 -1.17% -
1954 -0.84% -
1953 1.75% -
1952 1.18% -
1951 0.79% -
1950 1.08% -
1949 0.63% -
1948 1.07% -
1947 0.84% -
1946 2.69% -
1945 -1.03% -
1944 0% -
1943 0% -
1942 0% -
1941 0% -
1940 0% -
1939 0% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 0.22% -
1936 -1.36% -
1935 -0.97% -
1934 0.03% -
1933 1.69% -
1932 -3.22% -
1931 -1.67% -
1930 0.03% -
1929 0.13% -
1928 -4.99% -
1927 -2.33% -
1926 -0.48% -
1925 -3.1% -
1924 -0.8% -
1923 -0.56% -
1922 -1.33% -
1921 -2.41% -
1920 -0.46% -
1919 -0.38% -
1918 1.95% -
1917 3.1% -
1916 1.51% -
1915 -0.48% -
1914 0.43% -
1913 0.07% -
1912 0.13% -
1911 -1.02% -
1910 -1.72% -
1909 -2.49% -
1908 -0.82% -
1907 0.26% -
1906 -0.42% -
1905 0.22% -
1904 -0.1% -
1903 0.03% -
1902 -0.06% -
1901 -0.71% -
1900 -0.84% -
1899 -0.59% -
1898 -0.43% -
1897 -0.61% -
1896 -0.07% -
1895 -0.17% -
1894 -0.26% -
1893 -0.42% -
1892 -0.73% -
1891 -0.76% -
1890 -0.97% -
1889 -0.55% -
1888 -0.49% -
1887 -0.68% -
1886 -0.39% -
1885 0.48% -
1884 1.2% -
1883 0.73% -
1882 0.35% -
1881 0.42% -
1880 -2.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/mauritius | CC BY

In 2025, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $13.2B, equivalent to 2.85% of GDP. This compares to Mauritius' deficit of $596M, or 3.69% of GDP.

Over the past 26 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 6 of those years, while Mauritius ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to 1.53% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.04% of GDP for Mauritius.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Denmark

Mauritius
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Denmark Mauritius
2025 1.89% 3.67%
2024 1.37% 3.6%
2023 3.31% 7.05%
2022 7.7% 10.8%
2021 1.85% 4.03%
2020 0.42% 2.58%
2019 0.76% 0.41%
2018 0.81% 3.22%
2017 1.15% 3.67%
2016 0.25% 0.98%
2015 0.45% 1.29%
2014 0.56% 3.22%
2013 0.79% 3.54%
2012 2.4% 3.85%
2011 2.76% 6.52%
2010 2.31% 2.93%
2009 1.3% 2.52%
2008 3.42% 9.73%
2007 1.69% 8.83%
2006 1.92% 8.91%
2005 1.82% 4.94%
2004 1.15% 4.71%
2003 2.08% 3.92%
2002 2.42% 6.42%
2001 2.34% 5.39%
2000 2.9% 4.2%
1999 2.5% 6.91%
1998 1.85% 6.81%
1997 2.18% 6.83%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/mauritius | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.94%, compared with 4.88% in Mauritius. In 2025, inflation was 1.89% in Denmark and 3.67% in Mauritius.

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.45M
Animal & marine products $4.02M
Machinery & equipment $3.43M
Textiles & consumer goods $904K
Chemicals & pharma $503K
Metals $181K
Raw agricultural goods $138K
Raw materials & minerals $105K
Miscellaneous $58K
Wood & paper products $34K
Mauritius
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $1.65M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.33M
Raw agricultural goods $1.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $196K
Machinery & equipment $172K
Precious metals & jewellery $120K
Metals $50K
Animal & marine products $2K
Miscellaneous $1K
Wood & paper products $1K

Balance of trade

Denmark Mauritius
Current account balance
$51.8B
2024
-$1.05B
2024
Current account balance ranking
13/190
2024
119/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.2%
2024
-7.03%
2024
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$6.35B
2024
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$2.37B
2024
Service imports
$125B
2024
$2.28B
2024
Service exports
$129B
2024
$4.19B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
59.1%
2025
74.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
70.1%
2025
65%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Mauritius
Economic freedom 79 73
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 26/197
Property rights 99.9 83.9
Government integrity 98 53.4
Judicial effectiveness 89.3 80.7
Tax burden 43.4 89.6
Government spending 34.8 73.8
Fiscal health 98 45.5
Business freedom 90.4 81.5
Labor freedom 65 69.6
Monetary freedom 80.1 70.7
Trade freedom 79.4 87
Investment freedom 90 70
Financial freedom 80 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Denmark
Mauritius
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Mauritius
2026 79 73
2025 79.1 75
2024 77.8 71.5
2023 77.6 70.6
2022 78 70.9
2021 77.8 77
2020 78.3 74.9
2019 76.7 73
2018 76.6 75.1
2017 75.1 74.7
2016 75.3 74.7
2015 76.3 76.4
2014 76.1 76.5
2013 76.1 76.9
2012 76.2 77
2011 78.6 76.2
2010 77.9 76.3
2009 79.6 74.3
2008 79.2 72.6
2007 77 69.4
2006 75.4 67.4
2005 75.3 67.2
2004 72.4 64.3
2003 73.2 64.4
2002 71.1 67.7
2001 68.3 66.4
2000 68.3 67.2
1999 68.1 68.5
1998 67.5 -
1997 67.5 -
1996 67.3 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/mauritius | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79, ranking 8/197, compared to 73 for Mauritius, ranking 26/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Denmark Mauritius
Services, % of GDP
62.7%
2025
63.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24.8%
2025
17.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.17%
2025
4.62%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$464B
2025
$17.5B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$85,460
2025
$37,000
2025
Total reserves including gold
$128B
2025
$10.3B
2025
Total reserves ranking
24/177
2025
77/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
$963M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.2B
2024
$681M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.7B
2024
$38.3M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
10.1%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
8.4%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.1%
2025
19.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/mauritius | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1991, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.