Skip to content

Economy of Denmark vs Lebanon compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Denmark has a GDP of $463B compared to $26B for Lebanon, ranking 36/197 and 121/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $127B in government debt (27.5% of GDP), compared to $41B (139.4% of GDP) in Lebanon.

Denmark vs Lebanon GDP by year

Denmark
Lebanon
1x
Year GDP, current $
Denmark Lebanon
2025 $462,526,660,468 -
2024 $424,524,722,037 $25,971,643,441
2023 $404,651,706,118 $20,078,620,357
2022 $400,114,306,337 $20,992,421,949
2021 $406,110,162,088 $23,131,941,557
2020 $355,631,021,932 $31,712,128,254
2019 $345,401,473,013 $51,605,959,131
2018 $355,293,374,912 $54,901,519,156
2017 $331,610,593,962 $53,027,680,686
2016 $312,181,849,372 $51,147,308,774
2015 $301,758,922,338 $49,929,337,837
2014 $352,832,602,064 $48,095,213,747
2013 $344,631,016,965 $46,880,103,081
2012 $326,792,574,245 $44,016,799,516
2011 $344,315,595,263 $39,927,125,962
2010 $322,345,594,075 $38,443,907,042
2009 $322,619,152,195 $35,399,582,929
2008 $354,979,471,960 $29,118,916,105
2007 $320,213,157,595 $24,827,355,015
2006 $283,386,151,544 $22,022,709,851
2005 $265,150,087,712 $21,497,336,499
2004 $251,986,155,631 $21,159,827,992
2003 $218,421,193,436 $20,082,918,740
2002 $178,788,209,558 $19,152,238,806
2001 $164,881,594,415 $17,649,751,244
2000 $164,043,817,224 $17,260,364,842
1999 $177,887,720,536 $17,391,056,369
1998 $176,877,077,513 $17,247,179,006
1997 $173,241,365,735 $15,751,867,489
1996 $187,481,157,846 $13,690,217,334
1995 $184,848,481,008 $11,718,795,529
1994 $156,017,919,221 $9,599,127,050
1993 $143,111,306,004 $7,941,744,492
1992 $152,966,494,260 $5,843,579,161
1991 $139,180,507,778 $4,690,415,093
1990 $138,217,740,684 $2,838,485,354
1989 $112,312,200,761 $2,717,998,688
1988 $115,540,189,705 $3,313,540,068
1987 $109,183,446,340 -
1986 $87,748,695,217 -
1985 $62,452,421,011 -
1984 $58,868,891,335 -
1983 $60,331,158,447 -
1982 $60,084,214,872 -
1981 $61,459,941,461 -
1980 $70,811,287,816 -
1979 $70,393,030,603 -
1978 $60,320,089,218 -
1977 $49,711,709,588 -
1976 $44,503,607,444 -
1975 $40,418,967,666 -
1974 $34,125,712,481 -
1973 $30,718,181,337 -
1972 $23,230,667,549 -
1971 $19,086,192,720 -
1970 $17,075,457,733 -
1969 $15,414,902,667 -
1968 $13,505,574,133 -
1967 $13,059,064,806 -
1966 $11,931,740,293 -
1965 $10,870,670,865 -
1964 $9,677,401,337 -
1963 $8,466,044,980 -
1962 $7,953,274,741 -
1961 $7,058,361,229 -
1960 $6,361,166,545 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/lebanon | CC BY

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Lebanon by year

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Lebanon
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Denmark Lebanon
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $76,970 - - -
2024 $71,026 $81,878 $4,473 -
2023 $68,044 $77,892 $3,478 $12,575
2022 $67,781 $78,914 $3,654 $12,293
2021 $69,341 $69,715 $4,045 $11,600
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $5,561 $16,260
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $8,906 $21,710
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $9,175 $21,985
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $8,608 $20,964
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $8,089 $18,941
2015 $53,094 $48,897 $7,714 $17,046
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $7,578 $16,140
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $8,162 $16,316
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $8,407 $16,121
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $7,835 $14,975
2010 $58,105 $43,038 $7,626 $14,704
2009 $58,413 $40,524 $7,091 $13,586
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $5,912 $12,416
2007 $58,632 $39,110 $5,125 $11,356
2006 $52,119 $37,392 $4,635 $10,312
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $4,602 $10,020
2004 $46,625 $33,016 $4,601 $9,609
2003 $40,519 $30,864 $4,438 $8,914
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $4,291 $8,586
2001 $30,768 $29,459 $4,010 $8,289
2000 $30,722 $28,648 $3,987 $7,938
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $4,087 $7,793
1998 $33,346 $25,799 $4,125 $7,861
1997 $32,780 $24,887 $3,834 $7,632
1996 $35,622 $23,723 $3,393 $7,560
1995 $35,321 $22,677 $2,959 $6,796
1994 $29,968 $21,669 $2,468 $6,367
1993 $27,582 $20,217 $2,079 $5,871
1992 $29,579 $19,830 $1,559 $5,279
1991 $27,003 $19,067 $1,278 $4,527
1990 $26,886 $18,225 $790 $2,990
1989 $21,882 - $771 -
1988 $22,525 - $959 -
1987 $21,296 - - -
1986 $17,137 - - -
1985 $12,213 - - -
1984 $11,517 - - -
1983 $11,797 - - -
1982 $11,740 - - -
1981 $12,000 - - -
1980 $13,822 - - -
1979 $13,757 - - -
1978 $11,818 - - -
1977 $9,770 - - -
1976 $8,773 - - -
1975 $7,988 - - -
1974 $6,764 - - -
1973 $6,117 - - -
1972 $4,654 - - -
1971 $3,846 - - -
1970 $3,464 - - -
1969 $3,151 - - -
1968 $2,776 - - -
1967 $2,701 - - -
1966 $2,487 - - -
1965 $2,284 - - -
1964 $2,049 - - -
1963 $1,807 - - -
1962 $1,711 - - -
1961 $1,531 - - -
1960 $1,389 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/lebanon | CC BY

Denmark's GDP per capita is $76,970, ranking 11/197, compared to $4,473 in Lebanon, ranking 129/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $81,878, while Lebanon ranks 123rd at $12,575.

Economic indicators

Denmark Lebanon
Gross domestic product
$463B
2025
$26B
2024
GDP rank
36/197
2025
121/197
2024
GDP growth
2.93%
2024-2025
-7.08%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$76,970
2025
$4,473
2024
GDP per capita rank
11/197
2025
129/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$81,878
2024
$12,575
2023
GDP per capita PPP rank
14/197
2024
123/197
2023
Government debt
$127B
2025
$41B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
27.5%
2025
139.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$21,192
2025
$7,061
2024
Government debt per person rank
32/185
2025
71/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$52,602
2026
$3,055
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
$10.6B
2021
Number of millionaires
376,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2026
6
2026
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
25.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
2.8%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.6%
2025
15.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.89%
2024-2025
14.6%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
20%
2023
Unemployment rate
6.4%
2025
11.3%
2019
Population
6042125
5921719

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Denmark
Spending

Debt
Lebanon
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Denmark Lebanon
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 47.6% 27.5% 15.5% 139.4%
2024 47.3% 30.5% 15.3% 157.9%
2023 47.4% 33% 14.3% 185.8%
2022 45.1% 33.3% 12.9% 235.9%
2021 49.7% 39.6% 10.5% 346%
2020 53.3% 45.2% 24.5% 157.2%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 31.3% 171.9%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 32.1% 154%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 30.7% 150.4%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 28.6% 147.9%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 26.7% 140.9%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 28.9% 138.5%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 28.9% 135.4%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 30.2% 131.1%
2011 56.3% 50% 28.8% 134.4%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 29.2% 136.8%
2009 56.3% 43% 32.1% 144.5%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 34.3% 161.5%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 35.2% 169.3%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 36.1% 183.3%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 31.4% 178.9%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 33.3% 169.5%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 36.4% 171.3%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 36.8% 163.1%
2001 53% 50.1% 38.9% 163.1%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 42.8% 148.1%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 35.6% 130.2%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 34.7% 108.2%
1997 56.2% 64.4% 40.5% 100.2%
1996 58.2% 68.3% 43.6% 101.2%
1995 58.7% 71.5% 31.1% 79.6%
1994 59.5% 75.3% 47.3% 71.5%
1993 59.5% 78.7% 23% 50.5%
1992 56.4% 66.7% 36.1% 51.7%
1991 55.5% 63.2% 35.6% 67.1%
1990 55.1% 62.4% 40% 99.7%
1989 56.2% 62.2% - -
1988 56.1% 64.7% - -
1987 54% 62.5% - -
1986 52.3% 66.8% - -
1985 55.5% 74.7% - -
1984 56.6% 77.7% - -
1983 57.9% 74.2% - -
1982 57.7% 64.5% - -
1981 56.3% 51.7% - -
1980 52.7% 39.2% - -
1979 49.6% 31.8% - -
1978 47.2% 25.5% - -
1977 45.6% 15.2% - -
1976 45% 11.4% - -
1975 45.3% 7.01% - -
1974 43.6% 6.2% - -
1973 39.5% 8.94% - -
1972 42.1% 11.5% - -
1971 42.2% 12.9% - -
1970 24.4% 7.62% - -
1969 25.3% 8.36% - -
1968 24.3% 9.36% - -
1967 22.2% 10.1% - -
1966 21.1% 11.2% - -
1965 17.1% 12.9% - -
1964 17.6% 14.5% - -
1963 18.2% 13.7% - -
1962 17% 15.3% - -
1961 15.6% 16.4% - -
1960 16.4% 20.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/lebanon | CC BY

In 2025, Denmark's government spending was $220B, accounting for 47.6% of its GDP, while Lebanon spent $3.98B, or 15.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 27.5% in Denmark and 139.4% in Lebanon, ranking 161/185 and 8/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Lebanon
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Lebanon
2025 2.85% 3.25%
2024 4.46% 0.39%
2023 3.43% -1.64%
2022 3.39% -7.49%
2021 4.08% -2.57%
2020 0.36% -7.79%
2019 4.28% -10.5%
2018 0.81% -11.2%
2017 1.69% -8.68%
2016 0.3% -8.98%
2015 -0.9% -7.49%
2014 1.43% -6.22%
2013 -0.94% -8.83%
2012 -3.2% -8.43%
2011 -1.77% -5.94%
2010 -2.52% -7.47%
2009 -2.75% -8.1%
2008 3.46% -9.86%
2007 5.31% -10.9%
2006 5.29% -10.6%
2005 5.2% -8.57%
2004 2.23% -9.83%
2003 0.14% -14%
2002 0.25% -16.2%
2001 1.13% -21%
2000 1.79% -23.9%
1999 1.06% -16.7%
1998 -0.28% -17.3%
1997 -1.22% -24.5%
1996 -2.4% -25.7%
1995 -3.5% -13.6%
1994 -3.85% -29.1%
1993 -3.73% -7.19%
1992 -2.6% -24%
1991 -3.15% -19.5%
1990 -1.78% -30.2%
1989 0.3% -
1988 1.46% -
1987 2.46% -
1986 3.23% -
1985 -1.38% -
1984 -3.58% -
1983 -6.29% -
1982 -8.22% -
1981 -5.84% -
1980 -2.32% -
1979 -0.69% -
1978 0.41% -
1977 0.37% -
1976 0.19% -
1975 -1.23% -
1974 3.7% -
1973 4.97% -
1972 5.01% -
1971 4.96% -
1970 0.7% -
1969 0.3% -
1968 -0.06% -
1967 1.49% -
1966 0.99% -
1965 2.13% -
1964 1.79% -
1963 1.2% -
1962 -0.09% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 1.25% -
1959 0.79% -
1958 0.25% -
1957 0.26% -
1956 -0.01% -
1955 -1.17% -
1954 -0.84% -
1953 1.75% -
1952 1.18% -
1951 0.79% -
1950 1.08% -
1949 0.63% -
1948 1.07% -
1947 0.84% -
1946 2.69% -
1945 -1.03% -
1944 0% -
1943 0% -
1942 0% -
1941 0% -
1940 0% -
1939 0% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 0.22% -
1936 -1.36% -
1935 -0.97% -
1934 0.03% -
1933 1.69% -
1932 -3.22% -
1931 -1.67% -
1930 0.03% -
1929 0.13% -
1928 -4.99% -
1927 -2.33% -
1926 -0.48% -
1925 -3.1% -
1924 -0.8% -
1923 -0.56% -
1922 -1.33% -
1921 -2.41% -
1920 -0.46% -
1919 -0.38% -
1918 1.95% -
1917 3.1% -
1916 1.51% -
1915 -0.48% -
1914 0.43% -
1913 0.07% -
1912 0.13% -
1911 -1.02% -
1910 -1.72% -
1909 -2.49% -
1908 -0.82% -
1907 0.26% -
1906 -0.42% -
1905 0.22% -
1904 -0.1% -
1903 0.03% -
1902 -0.06% -
1901 -0.71% -
1900 -0.84% -
1899 -0.59% -
1898 -0.43% -
1897 -0.61% -
1896 -0.07% -
1895 -0.17% -
1894 -0.26% -
1893 -0.42% -
1892 -0.73% -
1891 -0.76% -
1890 -0.97% -
1889 -0.55% -
1888 -0.49% -
1887 -0.68% -
1886 -0.39% -
1885 0.48% -
1884 1.2% -
1883 0.73% -
1882 0.35% -
1881 0.42% -
1880 -2.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/lebanon | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $18.9B, equivalent to 4.46% of GDP. This compares to Lebanon's surplus of $102M, or 0.39% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 15 of those years, while Lebanon ran a deficit in 34 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to 0.44% of GDP, compared to deficit of 12.7% of GDP for Lebanon.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Denmark

Lebanon
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Denmark Lebanon
2025 1.89% 14.6%
2024 1.37% 45.2%
2023 3.31% 221.3%
2022 7.7% 171.2%
2021 1.85% 154.8%
2020 0.42% 84.9%
2019 0.76% 2.9%
2018 0.81% 6.1%
2017 1.15% 4.4%
2016 0.25% -0.8%
2015 0.45% -3.7%
2014 0.56% 1.9%
2013 0.79% 4.8%
2012 2.4% 6.6%
2011 2.76% 5%
2010 2.31% 4%
2009 1.3% 1.2%
2008 3.42% 10.7%
2007 1.69% 4.1%
2006 1.92% 4.1%
2005 1.82% -1.4%
2004 1.15% 1.7%
2003 2.08% 1.3%
2002 2.42% 1.8%
2001 2.34% -0.4%
2000 2.9% -0.4%
1999 2.5% 0.2%
1998 1.85% 4.5%
1997 2.18% 7.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/lebanon | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.94%, compared with 26.1% in Lebanon. In 2025, inflation was 1.89% in Denmark and 14.6% in Lebanon.

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $46.1M
Machinery & equipment $11M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $9.75M
Metals $9.26M
Chemicals & pharma $5.91M
Raw agricultural goods $4.67M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.21M
Wood & paper products $156K
Raw materials & minerals $145K
Precious metals & jewellery $88K
Lebanon
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.89M
Machinery & equipment $692K
Chemicals & pharma $213K
Textiles & consumer goods $135K
Raw agricultural goods $122K
Miscellaneous $24K
Wood & paper products $17K
Raw materials & minerals $14K
Metals $4K

Balance of trade

Denmark Lebanon
Current account balance
$51.8B
2024
-$5.64B
2023
Current account balance ranking
13/190
2024
166/190
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.2%
2024
-28.1%
2023
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$16.7B
2023
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$3.85B
2023
Service imports
$125B
2024
$6.63B
2023
Service exports
$129B
2024
$7.92B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
59.1%
2025
58.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
70.1%
2025
23.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Lebanon
Economic freedom 79 43.1
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 183/197
Property rights 99.9 21.8
Government integrity 98 23.4
Judicial effectiveness 89.3 23.8
Tax burden 43.4 90.3
Government spending 34.8 93.3
Fiscal health 98 63.4
Business freedom 90.4 47.6
Labor freedom 65 48.4
Monetary freedom 80.1 0
Trade freedom 79.4 65.6
Investment freedom 90 20
Financial freedom 80 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Denmark
Lebanon
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Lebanon
2026 79 43.1
2025 79.1 44.1
2024 77.8 48.3
2023 77.6 45.6
2022 78 47.3
2021 77.8 51.4
2020 78.3 51.7
2019 76.7 51.1
2018 76.6 53.2
2017 75.1 53.3
2016 75.3 59.5
2015 76.3 59.3
2014 76.1 59.4
2013 76.1 59.5
2012 76.2 60.1
2011 78.6 60.1
2010 77.9 59.5
2009 79.6 58.1
2008 79.2 60
2007 77 60.4
2006 75.4 57.5
2005 75.3 57.2
2004 72.4 56.9
2003 73.2 56.7
2002 71.1 57.1
2001 68.3 61
2000 68.3 56.1
1999 68.1 59.1
1998 67.5 59
1997 67.5 63.9
1996 67.3 63.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/lebanon | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79, ranking 8/197, compared to 43.1 for Lebanon, ranking 183/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Denmark Lebanon
Services, % of GDP
62.7%
2025
35.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.8%
2025
2.63%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.17%
2025
1.05%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$464B
2025
$20.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$85,460
2025
$11,790
2024
Total reserves including gold
$128B
2025
$33.3B
2024
Total reserves ranking
24/177
2025
56/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
-$583M
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.2B
2024
$1.84B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.7B
2024
$391M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
9.68%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
27.4%
2012
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.1%
2025
1.44%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/lebanon | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.