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Economy of Denmark vs Honduras compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Denmark has a GDP of $463B compared to $39.6B for Honduras, ranking 36/197 and 104/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $127B in government debt (27.5% of GDP), compared to $16.3B (41.2% of GDP) in Honduras.

Denmark vs Honduras GDP by year

Denmark
Honduras
1x
Year GDP, current $
Denmark Honduras
2025 $462,526,660,468 $39,601,409,103
2024 $424,524,722,037 $36,980,171,442
2023 $404,651,706,118 $34,355,805,528
2022 $400,114,306,337 $31,426,041,807
2021 $406,110,162,088 $28,144,331,507
2020 $355,631,021,932 $23,352,232,484
2019 $345,401,473,013 $24,882,225,742
2018 $355,293,374,912 $24,067,750,760
2017 $331,610,593,962 $23,136,247,991
2016 $312,181,849,372 $21,717,604,952
2015 $301,758,922,338 $20,979,791,685
2014 $352,832,602,064 $19,756,533,972
2013 $344,631,016,965 $18,499,729,215
2012 $326,792,574,245 $18,528,554,398
2011 $344,315,595,263 $17,710,275,685
2010 $322,345,594,075 $15,839,344,592
2009 $322,619,152,195 $14,587,496,229
2008 $354,979,471,960 $13,881,731,876
2007 $320,213,157,595 $12,361,257,681
2006 $283,386,151,544 $10,917,477,066
2005 $265,150,087,712 $9,757,012,697
2004 $251,986,155,631 $8,869,299,234
2003 $218,421,193,436 $8,230,391,347
2002 $178,788,209,558 $7,858,255,413
2001 $164,881,594,415 $7,651,162,302
2000 $164,043,817,224 $7,186,638,029
1999 $177,887,720,536 $6,394,090,592
1998 $176,877,077,513 $6,163,707,533
1997 $173,241,365,735 $5,569,178,707
1996 $187,481,157,846 $4,798,834,459
1995 $184,848,481,008 $4,672,346,194
1994 $156,017,919,221 $4,105,686,899
1993 $143,111,306,004 $4,190,773,622
1992 $152,966,494,260 $4,122,846,905
1991 $139,180,507,778 $3,699,381,195
1990 $138,217,740,684 $3,734,460,117
1989 $112,312,200,761 $4,375,896,552
1988 $115,540,189,705 $4,892,660,944
1987 $109,183,446,340 $5,024,800,000
1986 $87,748,695,217 $4,706,100,000
1985 $62,452,421,011 $4,328,300,000
1984 $58,868,891,335 $4,029,900,000
1983 $60,331,158,447 $3,840,550,000
1982 $60,084,214,872 $3,619,500,000
1981 $61,459,941,461 $3,501,800,000
1980 $70,811,287,816 $3,184,400,000
1979 $70,393,030,603 $2,778,900,000
1978 $60,320,089,218 $2,393,650,000
1977 $49,711,709,588 $1,900,700,000
1976 $44,503,607,444 $1,589,300,000
1975 $40,418,967,666 $1,330,050,000
1974 $34,125,712,481 $1,243,000,000
1973 $30,718,181,337 $1,128,299,436
1972 $23,230,667,549 $1,030,645,362
1971 $19,086,192,720 $958,450,000
1970 $17,075,457,733 $904,400,000
1969 $15,414,902,667 $844,400,000
1968 $13,505,574,133 $815,450,000
1967 $13,059,064,806 $750,950,000
1966 $11,931,740,293 $692,150,000
1965 $10,870,670,865 $651,050,000
1964 $9,677,401,337 $591,100,000
1963 $8,466,044,980 $553,500,000
1962 $7,953,274,741 $532,450,000
1961 $7,058,361,229 $503,300,000
1960 $6,361,166,545 $475,650,000

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/honduras | CC BY

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Honduras by year

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Honduras
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Denmark Honduras
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $76,970 - $3,598 -
2024 $71,026 $81,878 $3,416 $7,486
2023 $68,044 $77,892 $3,227 $7,178
2022 $67,781 $78,914 $3,003 $6,805
2021 $69,341 $69,715 $2,735 $6,203
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $2,308 $5,385
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $2,502 $5,785
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $2,465 $5,633
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $2,413 $5,621
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $2,307 $5,186
2015 $53,094 $48,897 $2,271 $4,846
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $2,180 $4,460
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $2,081 $4,137
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $2,126 $4,016
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $2,074 $3,901
2010 $58,105 $43,038 $1,893 $3,758
2009 $58,413 $40,524 $1,781 $3,656
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $1,732 $3,806
2007 $58,632 $39,110 $1,578 $3,664
2006 $52,119 $37,392 $1,426 $3,438
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $1,305 $3,204
2004 $46,625 $33,016 $1,215 $3,001
2003 $40,519 $30,864 $1,156 $2,821
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $1,132 $2,715
2001 $30,768 $29,459 $1,132 $2,645
2000 $30,722 $28,648 $1,093 $2,587
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $999 $2,372
1998 $33,346 $25,799 $989 $2,152
1997 $32,780 $24,887 $917 $1,959
1996 $35,622 $23,723 $813 $1,617
1995 $35,321 $22,677 $814 $1,329
1994 $29,968 $21,669 $736 $1,074
1993 $27,582 $20,217 $773 $838
1992 $29,579 $19,830 $782 $741
1991 $27,003 $19,067 $722 $684
1990 $26,886 $18,225 $750 $540
1989 $21,882 - $904 -
1988 $22,525 - $1,039 -
1987 $21,296 - $1,098 -
1986 $17,137 - $1,058 -
1985 $12,213 - $1,001 -
1984 $11,517 - $960 -
1983 $11,797 - $942 -
1982 $11,740 - $914 -
1981 $12,000 - $912 -
1980 $13,822 - $854 -
1979 $13,757 - $769 -
1978 $11,818 - $683 -
1977 $9,770 - $559 -
1976 $8,773 - $482 -
1975 $7,988 - $417 -
1974 $6,764 - $401 -
1973 $6,117 - $375 -
1972 $4,654 - $353 -
1971 $3,846 - $338 -
1970 $3,464 - $329 -
1969 $3,151 - $316 -
1968 $2,776 - $314 -
1967 $2,701 - $298.2 -
1966 $2,487 - $282.9 -
1965 $2,284 - $273.9 -
1964 $2,049 - $255.9 -
1963 $1,807 - $246.6 -
1962 $1,711 - $244 -
1961 $1,531 - $237.3 -
1960 $1,389 - $230.7 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/honduras | CC BY

Denmark's GDP per capita is $76,970, ranking 11/197, compared to $3,598 in Honduras, ranking 137/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $81,878, while Honduras ranks 146th at $7,486.

Economic indicators

Denmark Honduras
Gross domestic product
$463B
2025
$39.6B
2025
GDP rank
36/197
2025
104/197
2025
GDP growth
2.93%
2024-2025
3.75%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$76,970
2025
$3,598
2025
GDP per capita rank
11/197
2025
137/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$81,878
2024
$7,486
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
14/197
2024
146/197
2024
Government debt
$127B
2025
$16.3B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
27.5%
2025
41.2%
2025
Government debt per person
$21,192
2025
$1,483
2025
Government debt per person rank
32/185
2025
132/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$52,602
2026
$2,887
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
n/a
Number of millionaires
376,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
32.3%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
1.2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.6%
2025
24.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.89%
2024-2025
4.6%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
5.75%
2024
Unemployment rate
6.4%
2025
4.85%
2025
Population
6042125
11279259

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Denmark
Spending

Debt
Honduras
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Denmark Honduras
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 47.6% 27.5% 24.9% 41.2%
2024 47.3% 30.5% 25.7% 41.5%
2023 47.4% 33% 27.2% 41.7%
2022 45.1% 33.3% 24% 46.9%
2021 49.7% 39.6% 28.8% 52.7%
2020 53.3% 45.2% 28.4% 53.5%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 25.9% 43.3%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 26.2% 42.4%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 26.9% 41.3%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 27.4% 39.4%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 26% 38.3%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 26.4% 35.2%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 28% 37.3%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 26.4% 27.1%
2011 56.3% 50% 25.9% 24.6%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 26.5% 21.8%
2009 56.3% 43% 28.4% 23.8%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 26.4% 22.3%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 24.4% 24%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 24.4% 39.2%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 23.6% 55.6%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 25.5% 60.9%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 26.4% 67.8%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 26.8% 64.2%
2001 53% 50.1% 25.1% 63.4%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 22.1% 65.8%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 23.3% 75.8%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 19.4% 67.4%
1997 56.2% 64.4% 19.4% 70.8%
1996 58.2% 68.3% 18.7% 64.6%
1995 58.7% 71.5% 17.2% 65.4%
1994 59.5% 75.3% 19% 85.5%
1993 59.5% 78.7% 24.5% 111.7%
1992 56.4% 66.7% 21.6% 123.2%
1991 55.5% 63.2% 20.8% 135.4%
1990 55.1% 62.4% 19.4% 236.5%
1989 56.2% 62.2% 10.2% 68.4%
1988 56.1% 64.7% 16% 71.7%
1987 54% 62.5% 17.2% 73.6%
1986 52.3% 66.8% 19.8% 69.9%
1985 55.5% 74.7% 22.5% 65.7%
1984 56.6% 77.7% 22.4% 60.5%
1983 57.9% 74.2% 20.8% 57.6%
1982 57.7% 64.5% 18.7% 54.3%
1981 56.3% 51.7% 15.3% 48.1%
1980 52.7% 39.2% 16.2% 41%
1979 49.6% 31.8% 14.4% 36.1%
1978 47.2% 25.5% 13.1% 32.8%
1977 45.6% 15.2% 14.6% 28.2%
1976 45% 11.4% 11.5% 26.5%
1975 45.3% 7.01% 11.9% 24%
1974 43.6% 6.2% 11.7% 18.5%
1973 39.5% 8.94% 11.1% 16.6%
1972 42.1% 11.5% 12.6% 16.8%
1971 42.2% 12.9% 15.2% 19.8%
1970 24.4% 7.62% 15.2% 17.2%
1969 25.3% 8.36% 13.6% 13%
1968 24.3% 9.36% 11.6% 9.75%
1967 22.2% 10.1% 11.4% 9.72%
1966 21.1% 11.2% 11.4% 9.47%
1965 17.1% 12.9% 10.6% 8.97%
1964 17.6% 14.5% 11.4% 9.78%
1963 18.2% 13.7% 10.1% 9.02%
1962 17% 15.3% 10.5% 8.54%
1961 15.6% 16.4% 11.2% 8.22%
1960 16.4% 20.1% 12.2% 8.97%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1991, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/honduras | CC BY

In 2025, Denmark's government spending was $220B, accounting for 47.6% of its GDP, while Honduras spent $9.87B, or 24.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 27.5% in Denmark and 41.2% in Honduras, ranking 161/185 and 128/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Honduras
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Honduras
2025 2.85% -0.74%
2024 4.46% -1.12%
2023 3.43% -1.96%
2022 3.39% 1.57%
2021 4.08% -3.17%
2020 0.36% -4.58%
2019 4.28% 0.09%
2018 0.81% 0.2%
2017 1.69% -0.41%
2016 0.3% -0.4%
2015 -0.9% -0.78%
2014 1.43% -2.81%
2013 -0.94% -5.48%
2012 -3.2% -3.48%
2011 -1.77% -2.94%
2010 -2.52% -3.37%
2009 -2.75% -4.86%
2008 3.46% -0.27%
2007 5.31% -0.25%
2006 5.29% -1.36%
2005 5.2% -0.03%
2004 2.23% -2.48%
2003 0.14% -5.09%
2002 0.25% -5.02%
2001 1.13% -3.12%
2000 1.79% 1.51%
1999 1.06% 1.38%
1998 -0.28% 2.89%
1997 -1.22% 0.08%
1996 -2.4% 0.13%
1995 -3.5% -0.24%
1994 -3.85% -0.97%
1993 -3.73% -5.21%
1992 -2.6% -1.49%
1991 -3.15% -2.16%
1990 -1.78% -2.15%
1989 0.3% 2.08%
1988 1.46% -2.65%
1987 2.46% -3.23%
1986 3.23% -5.92%
1985 -1.38% -8.58%
1984 -3.58% -9.33%
1983 -6.29% -9.1%
1982 -8.22% -6.17%
1981 -5.84% -2.5%
1980 -2.32% -2.52%
1979 -0.69% -1.55%
1978 0.41% -0.68%
1977 0.37% -2.55%
1976 0.19% -0.93%
1975 -1.23% -1.78%
1974 3.7% -0.27%
1973 4.97% -0.71%
1972 5.01% -2.37%
1971 4.96% -3.51%
1970 0.7% -3.24%
1969 0.3% -2.16%
1968 -0.06% -0.38%
1967 1.49% -0.73%
1966 0.99% -0.45%
1965 2.13% 0.19%
1964 1.79% -1.77%
1963 1.2% -0.39%
1962 -0.09% -0.71%
1961 1.73% -1.05%
1960 1.25% -1.22%
1959 0.79% -1.31%
1958 0.25% -1.16%
1957 0.26% -1.01%
1956 -0.01% -1.81%
1955 -1.17% -0.42%
1954 -0.84% -2.91%
1953 1.75% -2.96%
1952 1.18% -3.21%
1951 0.79% -1.04%
1950 1.08% -0.44%
1949 0.63% -1.92%
1948 1.07% 0.52%
1947 0.84% -0.83%
1946 2.69% 0.32%
1945 -1.03% 0%
1944 0% -0.82%
1943 0% -0.48%
1942 0% 0%
1941 0% -0.26%
1940 0% -0.43%
1939 0% -0.52%
1938 0.03% -0.74%
1937 0.22% -1.37%
1936 -1.36% -0.76%
1935 -0.97% 0%
1934 0.03% 0.06%
1933 1.69% 2.06%
1932 -3.22% -2.13%
1931 -1.67% -0.94%
1930 0.03% -1.15%
1929 0.13% -0.38%
1928 -4.99% 0.72%
1927 -2.33% 0.37%
1926 -0.48% -
1925 -3.1% -
1924 -0.8% -
1923 -0.56% -
1922 -1.33% -
1921 -2.41% -
1920 -0.46% -
1919 -0.38% -
1918 1.95% -
1917 3.1% -
1916 1.51% -
1915 -0.48% -
1914 0.43% -
1913 0.07% -
1912 0.13% -
1911 -1.02% -
1910 -1.72% -
1909 -2.49% -
1908 -0.82% -
1907 0.26% -
1906 -0.42% -
1905 0.22% -
1904 -0.1% -
1903 0.03% -
1902 -0.06% -
1901 -0.71% -
1900 -0.84% -
1899 -0.59% -
1898 -0.43% -
1897 -0.61% -
1896 -0.07% -
1895 -0.17% -
1894 -0.26% -
1893 -0.42% -
1892 -0.73% -
1891 -0.76% -
1890 -0.97% -
1889 -0.55% -
1888 -0.49% -
1887 -0.68% -
1886 -0.39% -
1885 0.48% -
1884 1.2% -
1883 0.73% -
1882 0.35% -
1881 0.42% -
1880 -2.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/honduras | CC BY

In 2025, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $13.2B, equivalent to 2.85% of GDP. This compares to Honduras' deficit of $295M, or 0.74% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while Honduras ran a deficit in 56 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to 0.41% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2% of GDP for Honduras.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Denmark

Honduras
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Denmark Honduras
2025 1.89% 4.6%
2024 1.37% 4.61%
2023 3.31% 6.66%
2022 7.7% 9.09%
2021 1.85% 4.48%
2020 0.42% 3.47%
2019 0.76% 4.37%
2018 0.81% 4.35%
2017 1.15% 3.93%
2016 0.25% 2.72%
2015 0.45% 3.16%
2014 0.56% 6.13%
2013 0.79% 5.16%
2012 2.4% 5.2%
2011 2.76% 6.76%
2010 2.31% 4.7%
2009 1.3% 5.5%
2008 3.42% 11.4%
2007 1.69% 6.94%
2006 1.92% 5.58%
2005 1.82% 8.81%
2004 1.15% 8.11%
2003 2.08% 7.67%
2002 2.42% 7.69%
2001 2.34% 9.67%
2000 2.9% 11%
1999 2.5% 11.7%
1998 1.85% 13.7%
1997 2.18% 20.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/honduras | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.94%, compared with 7.15% in Honduras. In 2025, inflation was 1.89% in Denmark and 4.6% in Honduras.

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $4.41M
Animal & marine products $1.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $882K
Chemicals & pharma $825K
Metals $612K
Raw agricultural goods $495K
Wood & paper products $198K
Precious metals & jewellery $115K
Raw materials & minerals $75K
Textiles & consumer goods $67K
Honduras
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $2.07M
Machinery & equipment $191K
Textiles & consumer goods $38K
Raw materials & minerals $17K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $16K
Metals $11K

Balance of trade

Denmark Honduras
Current account balance
$51.8B
2024
$936M
2025
Current account balance ranking
13/190
2024
50/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.2%
2024
+2.36%
2025
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$15.4B
2025
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$6.88B
2025
Service imports
$125B
2024
$4.1B
2025
Service exports
$129B
2024
$3.89B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
59.1%
2025
56.5%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
70.1%
2025
35%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Honduras
Economic freedom 79 59.1
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 105/197
Property rights 99.9 35.7
Government integrity 98 24.6
Judicial effectiveness 89.3 27.6
Tax burden 43.4 83.1
Government spending 34.8 80.3
Fiscal health 98 95.2
Business freedom 90.4 59.4
Labor freedom 65 37.9
Monetary freedom 80.1 70.1
Trade freedom 79.4 69.8
Investment freedom 90 65
Financial freedom 80 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Denmark
Honduras
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Honduras
2026 79 59.1
2025 79.1 59.6
2024 77.8 58.6
2023 77.6 58.7
2022 78 59.5
2021 77.8 59.8
2020 78.3 61.1
2019 76.7 60.2
2018 76.6 60.6
2017 75.1 58.8
2016 75.3 57.7
2015 76.3 57.4
2014 76.1 57.1
2013 76.1 58.4
2012 76.2 58.8
2011 78.6 58.6
2010 77.9 58.3
2009 79.6 58.7
2008 79.2 58.9
2007 77 59.1
2006 75.4 57.4
2005 75.3 55.3
2004 72.4 55.3
2003 73.2 60.4
2002 71.1 58.7
2001 68.3 57
2000 68.3 57.6
1999 68.1 56.7
1998 67.5 56.2
1997 67.5 56
1996 67.3 56.6
1995 - 57

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/honduras | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79, ranking 8/197, compared to 59.1 for Honduras, ranking 105/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Denmark Honduras
Services, % of GDP
62.7%
2025
57.6%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24.8%
2025
25.4%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.17%
2025
13.3%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$464B
2025
$36B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$85,460
2025
$7,270
2025
Total reserves including gold
$128B
2025
$10.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
24/177
2025
78/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$12.5B
2024
-$810M
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.2B
2024
$478M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.7B
2024
-$49.4M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.23%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
60.1%
2025
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.1%
2025
24.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/honduras | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1991, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.