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Economy of Cuba vs Denmark compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Cuba has a GDP of $107B compared to $429B for Denmark, ranking 69/197 and 38/197 by economy size, respectively.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Cuba
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Denmark
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Cuba Denmark
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 - - $6,361,166,545 $80,238,063,131
1961 - - $7,058,361,229 $85,356,314,760
1962 - - $7,953,274,741 $90,193,305,331
1963 - - $8,466,044,980 $90,767,855,838
1964 - - $9,677,401,337 $99,181,979,992
1965 - - $10,870,670,865 $103,699,971,911
1966 - - $11,931,740,293 $106,542,294,924
1967 - - $13,059,064,806 $112,813,620,773
1968 - - $13,505,574,133 $119,416,599,037
1969 - - $15,414,902,667 $127,535,877,471
1970 $5,693,005,200 $23,120,654,813 $17,075,457,733 $129,902,945,560
1971 $6,914,658,400 $25,105,299,225 $19,086,192,720 $134,031,029,530
1972 $8,135,150,892 $26,317,053,149 $23,230,667,549 $139,120,989,452
1973 $9,987,709,650 $27,220,909,322 $30,718,181,337 $145,686,794,688
1974 $11,405,957,317 $27,488,896,946 $34,125,712,481 $144,281,984,443
1975 $13,027,415,244 $30,093,861,943 $40,418,967,666 $142,247,753,419
1976 $13,789,579,903 $31,727,344,869 $44,503,607,444 $150,773,233,048
1977 $14,206,158,675 $34,490,638,879 $49,711,709,588 $153,766,730,433
1978 $17,844,705,325 $36,765,640,924 $60,320,089,218 $157,483,262,379
1979 $19,584,443,288 $37,165,718,489 $70,393,030,603 $163,866,531,124
1980 $19,912,889,861 $35,363,388,174 $70,811,287,816 $162,635,188,845
1981 $20,150,254,096 $42,325,850,269 $61,459,941,461 $161,430,084,232
1982 $20,953,510,235 $46,100,569,047 $60,084,214,872 $167,713,124,649
1983 $22,204,940,512 $48,595,287,844 $60,331,158,447 $172,165,579,297
1984 $24,039,383,608 $52,448,756,410 $58,868,891,335 $179,636,437,842
1985 $22,920,490,774 $53,286,192,381 $62,452,421,011 $187,096,889,700
1986 $24,226,574,634 $53,336,975,926 $87,748,695,217 $195,952,945,326
1987 $25,213,935,012 $52,055,729,738 $109,183,446,340 $196,860,120,911
1988 $27,458,999,472 $53,984,675,578 $115,540,189,705 $197,397,452,814
1989 $27,023,468,666 $54,351,816,305 $112,312,200,761 $198,773,654,972
1990 $28,645,436,569 $52,749,217,703 $138,217,740,684 $202,073,829,845
1991 $24,316,556,026 $47,108,903,627 $139,180,507,778 $205,020,430,124
1992 $22,085,858,243 $41,653,408,482 $152,966,494,260 $209,167,606,432
1993 $22,367,254,865 $35,456,139,102 $143,111,306,004 $209,002,572,327
1994 $28,448,326,757 $35,710,334,910 $156,017,919,221 $220,068,623,481
1995 $30,429,803,651 $36,587,809,679 $184,848,481,008 $226,754,355,587
1996 $25,017,368,700 $39,455,836,485 $187,481,157,846 $233,320,596,409
1997 $25,365,908,100 $40,554,060,118 $173,241,365,735 $240,713,316,197
1998 $25,736,331,200 $40,618,600,304 $176,877,077,513 $246,313,036,680
1999 $28,364,615,200 $43,132,386,084 $177,887,720,536 $253,621,896,626
2000 $30,565,400,000 $45,683,563,279 $164,043,817,224 $263,066,798,869
2001 $31,682,400,000 $47,138,598,430 $164,881,594,415 $265,566,018,287
2002 $33,590,500,000 $47,810,239,203 $178,788,209,558 $266,778,406,880
2003 $35,901,200,000 $49,623,557,376 $218,421,193,436 $267,955,142,441
2004 $38,203,000,000 $52,487,103,646 $251,986,155,631 $275,394,519,881
2005 $42,643,836,100 $58,366,528,663 $265,150,087,712 $281,892,753,289
2006 $48,835,925,926 $65,408,954,115 $283,386,151,544 $292,651,155,543
2007 $54,262,870,370 $70,159,041,951 $320,213,157,595 $295,540,131,122
2008 $56,302,129,630 $73,047,369,064 $354,979,471,960 $294,307,201,414
2009 $57,481,481,481 $74,107,509,498 $322,619,152,195 $279,666,951,317
2010 $59,562,962,963 $75,878,940,053 $322,345,594,075 $284,093,791,187
2011 $68,990,000,000 $78,005,296,225 $344,315,595,263 $287,817,703,286
2012 $73,141,000,000 $80,357,078,126 $326,792,574,245 $287,802,068,160
2013 $77,148,000,000 $82,564,971,264 $344,631,016,965 $291,810,211,099
2014 $80,656,100,000 $83,429,902,609 $352,832,602,064 $295,539,545,107
2015 $87,132,800,000 $87,132,800,000 $301,758,922,338 $301,758,922,338
2016 $91,370,407,864 $87,579,654,549 $312,181,849,372 $311,032,111,298
2017 $96,850,649,692 $89,164,663,931 $331,610,593,962 $320,538,736,986
2018 $100,050,036,096 $91,169,039,693 $355,293,374,912 $326,500,781,503
2019 $103,427,600,000 $91,020,354,637 $345,401,473,013 $332,088,518,944
2020 $107,351,800,000 $81,054,459,000 $355,631,021,932 $326,176,991,232
2021 - $82,070,633,423 $408,378,204,640 $350,255,593,093
2022 - $83,527,427,216 $401,945,576,108 $355,650,135,426
2023 - $81,915,873,064 $407,091,920,305 $364,524,261,929
2024 - - $429,457,372,072 $377,924,893,185

Economic indicators

Cuba Denmark
Gross domestic product
$107B
2020
$429B
2024
GDP rank
69/197
2020
38/197
2024
GDP growth
3.79%
2019-2020
5.49%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$9,605
2020
$71,852
2024
GDP per capita rank
87/197
2020
12/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,300
2016
$79,514
2024
Government debt n/a
$120B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio n/a
26.6%
2025
Government debt per person n/a
$20,114
2024
Government debt per person rank n/a
31/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,584
2025
$50,067
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$151B
2004
Number of billionaires n/a
9
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
25.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49%
2025
48.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5.5%
2019-2020
1.37%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
1.6%
2025
Unemployment rate
1.7%
2018
6.15%
2024
Population
10937204
6018959

GDP per capita in Cuba vs Denmark

Cuba's GDP per capita is $9,605, ranking 87/197, compared to $71,852 in Denmark, ranking 12/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Cuba ranks 122nd at $12,300, while Denmark ranks 14th at $79,514.

Cuba
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Cuba Denmark
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 - - $1,389 -
1961 - - $1,531 -
1962 - - $1,711 -
1963 - - $1,807 -
1964 - - $2,049 -
1965 - - $2,284 -
1966 - - $2,487 -
1967 - - $2,701 -
1968 - - $2,776 -
1969 - - $3,151 -
1970 $645 - $3,464 -
1971 $770 - $3,846 -
1972 $892 - $4,654 -
1973 $1,079 - $6,117 -
1974 $1,217 - $6,764 -
1975 $1,374 - $7,988 -
1976 $1,441 - $8,773 -
1977 $1,472 - $9,770 -
1978 $1,837 - $11,818 -
1979 $2,006 - $13,757 -
1980 $2,031 - $13,822 -
1981 $2,046 - $12,000 -
1982 $2,114 - $11,740 -
1983 $2,222 - $11,797 -
1984 $2,386 - $11,517 -
1985 $2,257 - $12,213 -
1986 $2,365 - $17,137 -
1987 $2,440 - $21,296 -
1988 $2,632 - $22,525 -
1989 $2,566 - $21,882 -
1990 $2,694 - $26,886 $18,227
1991 $2,269 - $27,003 $19,055
1992 $2,048 - $29,579 $19,818
1993 $2,063 - $27,582 $20,204
1994 $2,613 - $29,968 $21,655
1995 $2,785 - $35,321 $22,662
1996 $2,282 - $35,622 $23,714
1997 $2,306 - $32,780 $24,881
1998 $2,332 - $33,346 $25,797
1999 $2,562 $1,700 $33,426 $26,642
2000 $2,751 $1,700 $30,722 $28,642
2001 $2,843 - $30,768 $29,462
2002 $3,005 $2,300 $33,257 $30,667
2003 $3,203 $2,900 $40,519 $30,868
2004 $3,399 $3,000 $46,625 $33,020
2005 $3,786 $3,500 $48,926 $34,238
2006 $4,330 $4,000 $52,119 $37,400
2007 $4,807 $11,000 $58,632 $39,112
2008 $4,986 $9,500 $64,617 $41,467
2009 $5,089 $9,700 $58,413 $40,503
2010 $5,272 $10,200 $58,105 $43,042
2011 $6,104 - $61,810 $44,444
2012 $6,471 - $58,444 $44,755
2013 $6,828 - $61,378 $46,869
2014 $7,147 - $62,520 $47,880
2015 $7,728 - $53,094 $48,910
2016 $8,111 $12,300 $54,501 $51,821
2017 $8,611 - $57,522 $55,272
2018 $8,911 - $61,325 $57,234
2019 $9,232 - $59,404 $60,595
2020 $9,605 - $60,985 $62,682
2021 - - $69,728 $69,715
2022 - - $68,091 $77,400
2023 - - $68,454 $73,737
2024 - - $71,852 $79,514

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 22 years, Cuba has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.16%, compared with 1.65% in Denmark. In 2020, inflation was 5.5% in Cuba and 1.37% in Denmark.

Inflation
Cuba

Denmark
Year Inflation
Cuba Denmark Cuba Denmark
1996 - 2.13%
1997 - 2.18%
1998 - 1.85%
1999 0.3% 2.5%
2000 - 2.9%
2001 - 2.34%
2002 7.1% 2.42%
2003 4.1% 2.08%
2004 3.1% 1.15%
2005 7% 1.82%
2006 5% 1.92%
2007 3.1% 1.69%
2008 3.4% 3.42%
2009 -0.5% 1.3%
2010 0.7% 2.31%
2011 4.7% 2.76%
2012 5.5% 2.4%
2013 6% 0.79%
2014 - 0.56%
2015 4.4% 0.45%
2016 4.5% 0.25%
2017 - 1.15%
2018 5.5% 0.81%
2019 5.5% 0.76%
2020 5.5% 0.42%
2021 - 1.85%
2022 - 7.7%
2023 - 3.31%
2024 - 1.37%

Top exports between countries

Cuba
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $2.04M
Machinery & equipment $66K
Animal & marine products $38K
Denmark
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $1.92M
Chemicals & pharma $1.41M
Machinery & equipment $722K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $687K
Textiles & consumer goods $263K
Wood & paper products $89K
Miscellaneous $63K
Metals $53K
Raw materials & minerals $22K

Balance of trade

Cuba Denmark
Current account balance
n/a
$52.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking n/a
11/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP n/a
+12.1%
2024
Goods imports n/a
$132B
2024
Goods exports n/a
$172B
2024
Service imports n/a
$125B
2024
Service exports n/a
$129B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
64.6%
2023
58.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
43.5%
2023
69.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Cuba Denmark
Economic freedom 25.4 79.1
Economic freedom ranking 195/197 8/197
Property rights 29.9 99.3
Government integrity 33.4 98
Judicial effectiveness 14.3 90.5
Tax burden 51.9 45
Government spending 0 33.6
Fiscal health 0 98.2
Business freedom 42.3 93
Labor freedom 20 64.9
Monetary freedom 20 76.6
Trade freedom 72.8 79.6
Investment freedom 10 90
Financial freedom 10 80

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Cuba is 25.4, ranking 195/197, compared to 79.1 for Denmark, ranking 8/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Cuba
Denmark
Year Economic freedom index
Cuba Denmark
1995 27.8 -
1996 27.8 67.3
1997 27.8 67.5
1998 28.2 67.5
1999 29.7 68.1
2000 31.3 68.3
2001 31.6 68.3
2002 32.4 71.1
2003 35.1 73.2
2004 34.4 72.4
2005 35.5 75.3
2006 29.3 75.4
2007 28.6 77
2008 27.5 79.2
2009 27.9 79.6
2010 26.7 77.9
2011 27.7 78.6
2012 28.3 76.2
2013 28.5 76.1
2014 28.7 76.1
2015 29.6 76.3
2016 29.8 75.3
2017 33.9 75.1
2018 31.9 76.6
2019 27.8 76.7
2020 26.9 78.3
2021 28.1 77.8
2022 29.5 78
2023 24.3 77.6
2024 25.7 77.8
2025 25.4 79.1

More economic indicators

Cuba Denmark
Services, % of GDP
70%
2023
64%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
27.5%
2023
24%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.31%
2023
0.74%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$101B
2019
$441B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP n/a
$82,240
2024
Total reserves including gold
$144M
1960
$108B
2024
Total reserves ranking
173/177
1960
25/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
n/a
$11.9B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
n/a
$18.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
n/a
$30.4B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
12.4%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
9.88%
2020
21.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.