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Economy of Denmark vs Morocco compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Denmark has a GDP of $425B compared to $161B for Morocco, ranking 37/197 and 58/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $134B in government debt (31.5% of GDP), compared to $109B (67.7% of GDP) in Morocco.

Denmark vs Morocco GDP by year

Denmark
Morocco
1x
Year GDP, current $
Denmark Morocco
2024 $424,524,722,037 $160,610,994,055
2023 $404,651,706,118 $146,036,093,667
2022 $400,114,306,337 $131,245,312,804
2021 $406,110,162,088 $142,022,058,447
2020 $355,631,021,932 $121,353,645,057
2019 $345,401,473,013 $128,920,266,409
2018 $355,293,374,912 $127,341,147,582
2017 $331,610,593,962 $118,540,573,368
2016 $312,181,849,372 $111,572,947,005
2015 $301,758,922,338 $110,413,823,842
2014 $352,832,602,064 $119,130,841,412
2013 $344,631,016,965 $115,739,287,305
2012 $326,792,574,245 $106,937,392,311
2011 $344,315,595,263 $110,080,631,332
2010 $322,345,594,075 $100,865,329,473
2009 $322,619,152,195 $101,154,952,241
2008 $354,979,471,960 $101,822,906,949
2007 $320,213,157,595 $86,947,913,287
2006 $283,386,151,544 $75,883,823,301
2005 $265,150,087,712 $68,852,658,069
2004 $251,986,155,631 $66,114,145,451
2003 $218,421,193,436 $58,029,363,354
2002 $178,788,209,558 $47,077,192,188
2001 $164,881,594,415 $43,831,480,208
2000 $164,043,817,224 $43,017,455,402
1999 $177,887,720,536 $46,266,428,648
1998 $176,877,077,513 $46,497,608,725
1997 $173,241,365,735 $39,147,844,526
1996 $187,481,157,846 $43,161,571,528
1995 $184,848,481,008 $39,030,285,468
1994 $156,017,919,221 $35,604,137,423
1993 $143,111,306,004 $31,655,473,664
1992 $152,966,494,260 $33,711,069,431
1991 $139,180,507,778 $32,285,573,574
1990 $138,217,740,684 $30,179,954,775
1989 $112,312,200,761 $26,314,313,191
1988 $115,540,189,705 $25,705,296,184
1987 $109,183,446,340 $21,765,195,948
1986 $87,748,695,217 $19,462,085,540
1985 $62,452,421,011 $14,991,283,216
1984 $58,868,891,335 $14,824,667,954
1983 $60,331,158,447 $16,251,408,128
1982 $60,084,214,872 $17,692,276,734
1981 $61,459,941,461 $17,788,185,479
1980 $70,811,287,816 $21,728,516,153
1979 $70,393,030,603 $15,911,994,817
1978 $60,320,089,218 $13,236,946,234
1977 $49,711,709,588 $11,049,783,872
1976 $44,503,607,444 $9,584,297,284
1975 $40,418,967,666 $8,984,853,005
1974 $34,125,712,481 $7,675,466,449
1973 $30,718,181,337 $6,242,145,880
1972 $23,230,667,549 $5,074,117,545
1971 $19,086,192,720 $4,356,669,034
1970 $17,075,457,733 $3,956,336,244
1969 $15,414,902,667 $3,651,622,669
1968 $13,505,574,133 $3,271,422,333
1967 $13,059,064,806 $3,046,345,314
1966 $11,931,740,293 $2,876,401,297
1965 $10,870,670,865 $2,948,331,090
1964 $9,677,401,337 $2,798,345,299
1963 $8,466,044,980 $2,657,252,578
1962 $7,953,274,741 $2,379,611,125
1961 $7,058,361,229 $2,025,693,540
1960 $6,361,166,545 $2,037,154,742

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/morocco | CC BY

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Morocco by year

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Morocco
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Denmark Morocco
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $71,026 $81,878 $4,218 $10,415
2023 $68,044 $77,892 $3,872 $9,895
2022 $67,781 $78,914 $3,516 $9,310
2021 $69,341 $69,715 $3,843 $8,623
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $3,317 $7,705
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $3,560 $8,046
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $3,553 $7,801
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $3,344 $8,115
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $3,186 $7,853
2015 $53,094 $48,897 $3,190 $7,799
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $3,483 $7,237
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $3,425 $7,542
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $3,206 $7,308
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $3,345 $7,274
2010 $58,105 $43,038 $3,107 $6,849
2009 $58,413 $40,524 $3,158 $6,629
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $3,222 $6,437
2007 $58,632 $39,110 $2,788 $6,058
2006 $52,119 $37,392 $2,466 $5,781
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $2,268 $5,275
2004 $46,625 $33,016 $2,207 $5,025
2003 $40,519 $30,864 $1,962 $4,741
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $1,612 $4,436
2001 $30,768 $29,459 $1,521 $4,269
2000 $30,722 $28,648 $1,513 $3,930
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $1,651 $3,801
1998 $33,346 $25,799 $1,683 $3,740
1997 $32,780 $24,887 $1,439 $3,502
1996 $35,622 $23,723 $1,610 $3,551
1995 $35,321 $22,677 $1,478 $3,152
1994 $29,968 $21,669 $1,369 $3,315
1993 $27,582 $20,217 $1,236 $2,979
1992 $29,579 $19,830 $1,337 $2,979
1991 $27,003 $19,067 $1,302 $3,025
1990 $26,886 $18,225 $1,238 $2,777
1989 $21,882 - $1,099 -
1988 $22,525 - $1,094 -
1987 $21,296 - $944 -
1986 $17,137 - $861 -
1985 $12,213 - $678 -
1984 $11,517 - $687 -
1983 $11,797 - $772 -
1982 $11,740 - $862 -
1981 $12,000 - $890 -
1980 $13,822 - $1,117 -
1979 $13,757 - $839 -
1978 $11,818 - $716 -
1977 $9,770 - $613 -
1976 $8,773 - $545 -
1975 $7,988 - $524 -
1974 $6,764 - $459 -
1973 $6,117 - $382 -
1972 $4,654 - $319 -
1971 $3,846 - $280.6 -
1970 $3,464 - $261.5 -
1969 $3,151 - $247.8 -
1968 $2,776 - $228 -
1967 $2,701 - $218.1 -
1966 $2,487 - $211.5 -
1965 $2,284 - $222.7 -
1964 $2,049 - $216.9 -
1963 $1,807 - $211.3 -
1962 $1,711 - $194.2 -
1961 $1,531 - $169.8 -
1960 $1,389 - $175.2 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/morocco | CC BY

Denmark's GDP per capita is $71,026, ranking 12/197, compared to $4,218 in Morocco, ranking 127/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $81,878, while Morocco ranks 132nd at $10,415.

Economic indicators

Denmark Morocco
Gross domestic product
$425B
2024
$161B
2024
GDP rank
37/197
2024
58/197
2024
GDP growth
3.48%
2023-2024
3.79%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$71,026
2024
$4,218
2024
GDP per capita rank
12/197
2024
127/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$81,878
2024
$10,415
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
14/197
2024
132/197
2024
Government debt
$134B
2024
$109B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
31.5%
2024
67.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$22,340
2024
$2,857
2024
Government debt per person rank
30/185
2024
104/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$53,468
2026
$5,678
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
$74.5B
2024
Number of millionaires
376,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2025
3
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
31.9%
2013
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
2.7%
2013
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.3%
2024
33%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.37%
2023-2024
0.99%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.15%
2024
11.8%
2022
Population
6032403
38871720

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Denmark
Spending

Debt
Morocco
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Denmark Morocco
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 47.3% 31.5% 33% 67.7%
2023 47.4% 33.8% 32% 68.7%
2022 45.1% 34.2% 33.7% 71.4%
2021 49.7% 40.7% 31% 69.4%
2020 53.3% 46.3% 34.1% 72.2%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 27.6% 60.3%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 27.8% 60.5%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 27.9% 60.3%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 28.6% 60.1%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 28.5% 58.4%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 30.7% 58.6%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 30.4% 57.1%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 32.5% 52.3%
2011 56.3% 50% 31.2% 48.6%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 28.7% 45.3%
2009 56.3% 43% 28.1% 42.6%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 28.3% 42%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 26.4% 47.1%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 26% 50.6%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 28.6% 54.8%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 24.5% 54.4%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 24.1% 56.9%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 25.8% 59.4%
2001 53% 50.1% 23.7% 60.4%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 22.8% 64.9%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 18.4% 63.4%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 18.7% 64.5%
1997 56.2% 64.4% 18.6% 68%
1996 58.2% 68.3% 17.6% 65.3%
1995 58.7% 71.5% 21.3% 72.2%
1994 59.5% 75.3% 21.7% 69.3%
1993 59.5% 78.7% 23.1% 74.7%
1992 56.4% 66.7% 22.3% 67%
1991 55.5% 63.2% 20.8% 59.1%
1990 55.1% 62.4% 22.6% 70.5%
1989 56.2% 62.2% - -
1988 56.1% 64.7% - -
1987 54% 62.5% - -
1986 52.3% 66.8% - -
1985 55.5% 74.7% - -
1984 56.6% 77.7% - -
1983 57.9% 74.2% - -
1982 57.7% 64.5% - -
1981 56.3% 51.7% - -
1980 52.7% 39.2% - -
1979 49.6% 31.8% - -
1978 47.2% 25.5% - -
1977 45.6% 15.2% - -
1976 45% 11.4% - -
1975 45.3% 7.01% - -
1974 43.6% 6.2% - -
1973 39.5% 8.94% - -
1972 42.1% 11.5% - -
1971 42.2% 12.9% - -
1970 24.4% 7.62% - -
1969 25.3% 8.36% - -
1968 24.3% 9.36% - -
1967 22.2% 10.1% - -
1966 21.1% 11.2% - -
1965 17.1% 12.9% - -
1964 17.6% 14.5% - -
1963 18.2% 13.7% - -
1962 17% 15.3% - -
1961 15.6% 16.4% - -
1960 16.4% 20.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1991, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/morocco | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government spending was $201B, accounting for 47.3% of its GDP, while Morocco spent $53.1B, or 33% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 31.5% in Denmark and 67.7% in Morocco, ranking 155/185 and 60/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Morocco
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Morocco
2024 4.46% -3.92%
2023 3.43% -4.41%
2022 3.39% -5.37%
2021 4.12% -5.92%
2020 0.36% -7.15%
2019 4.28% -3.8%
2018 0.81% -3.52%
2017 1.69% -3.3%
2016 0.3% -4.49%
2015 -0.9% -4.59%
2014 1.43% -4.78%
2013 -0.94% -4.7%
2012 -3.2% -6.63%
2011 -1.77% -6.08%
2010 -2.52% -3.93%
2009 -2.75% -1.63%
2008 3.46% 0.63%
2007 5.31% -0.12%
2006 5.29% -1.8%
2005 5.2% -5.46%
2004 2.23% -3.31%
2003 0.14% -3.74%
2002 0.25% -4.37%
2001 1.13% -3.79%
2000 1.79% -1.97%
1999 1.06% 3.21%
1998 -0.28% 1.47%
1997 -1.22% 1.5%
1996 -2.4% 0.87%
1995 -3.5% -2.54%
1994 -3.85% -2.51%
1993 -3.73% -2%
1992 -2.6% -1.84%
1991 -3.15% -0.9%
1990 -1.78% -1.32%
1989 0.3% -
1988 1.46% -
1987 2.46% -
1986 3.23% -
1985 -1.38% -
1984 -3.58% -
1983 -6.29% -
1982 -8.22% -
1981 -5.84% -
1980 -2.32% -
1979 -0.69% -
1978 0.41% -
1977 0.37% -
1976 0.19% -
1975 -1.23% -
1974 3.7% -
1973 4.97% -
1972 5.01% -
1971 4.96% -
1970 0.7% -
1969 0.3% -
1968 -0.06% -
1967 1.49% -
1966 0.99% -
1965 2.13% -
1964 1.79% -
1963 1.2% -
1962 -0.09% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 1.25% -
1959 0.79% -
1958 0.25% -
1957 0.26% -
1956 -0.01% -
1955 -1.17% -
1954 -0.84% -
1953 1.75% -
1952 1.18% -
1951 0.79% -
1950 1.08% -
1949 0.63% -
1948 1.07% -
1947 0.84% -
1946 2.69% -
1945 -1.03% -
1944 0% -
1943 0% -
1942 0% -
1941 0% -
1940 0% -
1939 0% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 0.22% -
1936 -1.36% -
1935 -0.97% -
1934 0.03% -
1933 1.69% -
1932 -3.22% -
1931 -1.67% -
1930 0.03% -
1929 0.13% -
1928 -4.99% -
1927 -2.33% -
1926 -0.48% -
1925 -3.1% -
1924 -0.8% -
1923 -0.56% -
1922 -1.33% -
1921 -2.41% -
1920 -0.46% -
1919 -0.38% -
1918 1.95% -
1917 3.1% -
1916 1.51% -
1915 -0.48% -
1914 0.43% -
1913 0.07% -
1912 0.13% -
1911 -1.02% -
1910 -1.72% -
1909 -2.49% -
1908 -0.82% -
1907 0.26% -
1906 -0.42% -
1905 0.22% -
1904 -0.1% -
1903 0.03% -
1902 -0.06% -
1901 -0.71% -
1900 -0.84% -
1899 -0.59% -
1898 -0.43% -
1897 -0.61% -
1896 -0.07% -
1895 -0.17% -
1894 -0.26% -
1893 -0.42% -
1892 -0.73% -
1891 -0.76% -
1890 -0.97% -
1889 -0.55% -
1888 -0.49% -
1887 -0.68% -
1886 -0.39% -
1885 0.48% -
1884 1.2% -
1883 0.73% -
1882 0.35% -
1881 0.42% -
1880 -2.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/morocco | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $18.9B, equivalent to 4.46% of GDP. This compares to Morocco's deficit of $6.3B, or 3.92% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 15 of those years, while Morocco ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to 0.44% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.92% of GDP for Morocco.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Denmark

Morocco
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Denmark Morocco
2024 1.37% 0.99%
2023 3.31% 6.09%
2022 7.7% 6.66%
2021 1.85% 1.4%
2020 0.42% 0.71%
2019 0.76% 0.3%
2018 0.81% 1.8%
2017 1.15% 0.75%
2016 0.25% 1.64%
2015 0.45% 1.56%
2014 0.56% 0.44%
2013 0.79% 1.88%
2012 2.4% 1.29%
2011 2.76% 0.91%
2010 2.31% 0.99%
2009 1.3% 0.97%
2008 3.42% 3.71%
2007 1.69% 2.04%
2006 1.92% 3.28%
2005 1.82% 0.98%
2004 1.15% 1.49%
2003 2.08% 1.17%
2002 2.42% 2.8%
2001 2.34% 0.62%
2000 2.9% 1.89%
1999 2.5% 0.68%
1998 1.85% 2.75%
1997 2.18% 1.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/morocco | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 1.82% in Morocco. In 2024, inflation was 1.37% in Denmark and 0.99% in Morocco.

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Transport & tourism services $261M
Machinery & equipment $37.4M
Metals $27.6M
Raw materials & minerals $23.8M
Animal & marine products $22.4M
Manufacturing & construction services $18.1M
Chemicals & pharma $17.9M
Raw agricultural goods $12.6M
Wood & paper products $10.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.42M
Morocco
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $50.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $10.6M
Raw materials & minerals $9.56M
Raw agricultural goods $8.55M
Animal & marine products $2.77M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.68M
Chemicals & pharma $463K
Wood & paper products $74K
Metals $46K
Precious metals & jewellery $29K

Balance of trade

Denmark Morocco
Current account balance
$52.1B
2024
-$1.87B
2024
Current account balance ranking
14/190
2024
141/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.3%
2024
-1.16%
2024
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$66.5B
2024
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$39.3B
2024
Service imports
$125B
2024
$14.3B
2024
Service exports
$129B
2024
$28.2B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
60.8%
2024
50.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
71%
2024
42%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Morocco
Economic freedom 79 61.8
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 91/197
Property rights 99.9 55.2
Government integrity 98 35.6
Judicial effectiveness 89.3 32.5
Tax burden 43.4 65.5
Government spending 34.8 67.5
Fiscal health 98 57.5
Business freedom 90.4 72.1
Labor freedom 65 46.2
Monetary freedom 80.1 79.6
Trade freedom 79.4 69.8
Investment freedom 90 80
Financial freedom 80 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Denmark
Morocco
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Morocco
2026 79 61.8
2025 79.1 60.3
2024 77.8 56.8
2023 77.6 58.4
2022 78 59.2
2021 77.8 63.3
2020 78.3 63.3
2019 76.7 62.9
2018 76.6 61.9
2017 75.1 61.5
2016 75.3 61.3
2015 76.3 60.1
2014 76.1 58.3
2013 76.1 59.6
2012 76.2 60.2
2011 78.6 59.6
2010 77.9 59.2
2009 79.6 57.7
2008 79.2 55.6
2007 77 56.4
2006 75.4 51.5
2005 75.3 52.2
2004 72.4 56.7
2003 73.2 57.8
2002 71.1 59
2001 68.3 63.9
2000 68.3 63.2
1999 68.1 63.8
1998 67.5 61.1
1997 67.5 64.7
1996 67.3 64.3
1995 - 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/morocco | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79, ranking 8/197, compared to 61.8 for Morocco, ranking 91/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Denmark Morocco
Services, % of GDP
63.5%
2024
52.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.1%
2024
25.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.93%
2024
10.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$434B
2024
$149B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$84,680
2024
$10,260
2024
Total reserves including gold
$108B
2024
$37.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
25/177
2024
52/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$11.9B
2024
-$948M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.5B
2024
$1.64B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.7B
2024
$691M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.63%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
3.9%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
30.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/morocco | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1991, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.