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Economy of Denmark vs Morocco compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Denmark has a GDP of $429B compared to $154B for Morocco, ranking 38/197 and 60/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $120B in government debt (26.6% of GDP), compared to $108B (68.9% of GDP) in Morocco.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Denmark
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Morocco
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Denmark Morocco
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $6,361,166,545 $80,238,063,131 $2,037,154,742 -
1961 $7,058,361,229 $85,356,314,760 $2,025,693,540 -
1962 $7,953,274,741 $90,193,305,331 $2,379,611,125 -
1963 $8,466,044,980 $90,767,855,838 $2,657,252,578 -
1964 $9,677,401,337 $99,181,979,992 $2,798,345,299 -
1965 $10,870,670,865 $103,699,971,911 $2,948,331,090 -
1966 $11,931,740,293 $106,542,294,924 $2,876,401,297 $11,518,527,478
1967 $13,059,064,806 $112,813,620,773 $3,046,345,314 $12,673,702,326
1968 $13,505,574,133 $119,416,599,037 $3,271,422,333 $13,927,351,921
1969 $15,414,902,667 $127,535,877,471 $3,651,622,669 $15,091,980,118
1970 $17,075,457,733 $129,902,945,560 $3,956,336,244 $15,803,334,621
1971 $19,086,192,720 $134,031,029,530 $4,356,669,034 $16,687,830,454
1972 $23,230,667,549 $139,120,989,452 $5,074,117,545 $17,094,552,490
1973 $30,718,181,337 $145,686,794,688 $6,242,145,880 $17,703,000,749
1974 $34,125,712,481 $144,281,984,443 $7,675,466,449 $18,693,669,512
1975 $40,418,967,666 $142,247,753,419 $8,984,853,005 $20,106,578,472
1976 $44,503,607,444 $150,773,233,048 $9,584,297,284 $22,280,658,838
1977 $49,711,709,588 $153,766,730,433 $11,049,783,872 $23,630,681,317
1978 $60,320,089,218 $157,483,262,379 $13,236,946,234 $24,158,274,887
1979 $70,393,030,603 $163,866,531,124 $15,911,994,817 $25,316,371,178
1980 $70,811,287,816 $162,635,188,845 $21,728,516,153 $26,238,435,141
1981 $61,459,941,461 $161,430,084,232 $17,788,185,479 $25,780,985,097
1982 $60,084,214,872 $167,713,124,649 $17,692,276,734 $28,090,283,844
1983 $60,331,158,447 $172,165,579,297 $16,251,408,128 $28,479,775,174
1984 $58,868,891,335 $179,636,437,842 $14,824,667,954 $30,307,717,168
1985 $62,452,421,011 $187,096,889,700 $14,991,283,216 $32,128,499,366
1986 $87,748,695,217 $195,952,945,326 $19,462,085,540 $35,107,166,524
1987 $109,183,446,340 $196,860,120,911 $21,765,195,948 $34,993,066,802
1988 $115,540,189,705 $197,397,452,814 $25,705,296,184 $39,148,576,061
1989 $112,312,200,761 $198,773,654,972 $26,314,313,191 $40,262,823,844
1990 $138,217,740,684 $202,073,829,845 $30,179,954,775 $41,636,515,790
1991 $139,180,507,778 $205,020,430,124 $32,285,573,574 $44,641,043,474
1992 $152,966,494,260 $209,167,606,432 $33,711,069,431 $43,704,591,005
1993 $143,111,306,004 $209,002,572,327 $31,655,473,664 $43,380,918,431
1994 $156,017,919,221 $220,068,623,481 $35,604,137,423 $47,974,090,255
1995 $184,848,481,008 $226,754,355,587 $39,030,285,468 $45,380,875,814
1996 $187,481,157,846 $233,320,596,409 $43,161,571,528 $50,995,795,429
1997 $173,241,365,735 $240,713,316,197 $39,147,844,526 $50,199,902,853
1998 $176,877,077,513 $246,313,036,680 $46,497,608,725 $53,833,649,265
1999 $177,887,720,536 $253,621,896,626 $46,266,428,648 $54,747,239,389
2000 $164,043,817,224 $263,066,798,869 $43,017,455,402 $56,160,912,156
2001 $164,881,594,415 $265,566,018,287 $43,831,480,208 $60,497,559,621
2002 $178,788,209,558 $266,778,406,880 $47,077,192,188 $62,754,238,002
2003 $218,421,193,436 $267,955,142,441 $58,029,363,354 $66,626,866,132
2004 $251,986,155,631 $275,394,519,881 $66,114,145,451 $69,672,633,475
2005 $265,150,087,712 $281,892,753,289 $68,852,658,069 $71,896,757,929
2006 $283,386,151,544 $292,651,155,543 $75,883,823,301 $77,498,104,933
2007 $320,213,157,595 $295,540,131,122 $86,947,913,287 $80,164,867,241
2008 $354,979,471,960 $294,307,201,414 $101,822,906,949 $84,721,870,675
2009 $322,619,152,195 $279,666,951,317 $101,154,952,241 $87,895,356,583
2010 $322,345,594,075 $284,093,791,187 $100,865,329,473 $90,971,304,769
2011 $344,315,595,263 $287,817,703,286 $110,080,631,332 $95,997,146,622
2012 $326,792,574,245 $287,802,068,160 $106,937,392,311 $98,936,909,179
2013 $344,631,016,965 $291,810,211,099 $115,739,287,305 $103,015,299,181
2014 $352,832,602,064 $295,539,545,107 $119,130,841,412 $105,816,536,606
2015 $301,758,922,338 $301,758,922,338 $110,413,823,842 $110,413,823,842
2016 $312,181,849,372 $311,032,111,298 $111,572,947,005 $110,989,284,688
2017 $331,610,593,962 $320,538,736,986 $118,540,573,368 $116,603,009,678
2018 $355,293,374,912 $326,500,781,503 $127,341,147,582 $120,177,639,735
2019 $345,401,473,013 $332,088,518,944 $128,920,266,409 $123,651,944,969
2020 $355,631,021,932 $326,176,991,232 $121,353,645,057 $114,775,951,852
2021 $408,378,204,640 $350,255,593,093 $142,022,058,447 $124,135,631,044
2022 $401,945,576,108 $355,650,135,426 $130,951,926,351 $126,031,434,845
2023 $407,091,920,305 $364,524,261,929 $144,417,103,250 $130,320,714,719
2024 $429,457,372,072 $377,924,893,185 $154,430,996,473 $134,538,562,551

Economic indicators

Denmark Morocco
Gross domestic product
$429B
2024
$154B
2024
GDP rank
38/197
2024
60/197
2024
GDP growth
5.49%
2023-2024
6.93%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$71,852
2024
$4,055
2024
GDP per capita rank
12/197
2024
128/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$79,514
2024
$10,305
2024
Government debt
$120B
2024
$108B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
26.6%
2025
68.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$20,114
2024
$2,840
2024
Government debt per person rank
31/185
2024
105/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$50,067
2025
$5,043
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
$74.5B
2024
Number of billionaires
9
2025
3
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
31.9%
2013
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
2.7%
2013
Government expenditure, % of GDP
48.4%
2025
34.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
1.37%
2023-2024
0.99%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.15%
2024
11.8%
2022
Population
6018959
38697192

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Morocco

Denmark's GDP per capita is $71,852, ranking 12/197, compared to $4,055 in Morocco, ranking 128/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $79,514, while Morocco ranks 132nd at $10,305.

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Morocco
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Denmark Morocco
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,389 - $175.2 -
1961 $1,531 - $169.8 -
1962 $1,711 - $194.2 -
1963 $1,807 - $211.3 -
1964 $2,049 - $216.9 -
1965 $2,284 - $222.7 -
1966 $2,487 - $211.5 -
1967 $2,701 - $218.1 -
1968 $2,776 - $228 -
1969 $3,151 - $247.8 -
1970 $3,464 - $261.5 -
1971 $3,846 - $280.6 -
1972 $4,654 - $319 -
1973 $6,117 - $382 -
1974 $6,764 - $459 -
1975 $7,988 - $524 -
1976 $8,773 - $545 -
1977 $9,770 - $613 -
1978 $11,818 - $716 -
1979 $13,757 - $839 -
1980 $13,822 - $1,117 -
1981 $12,000 - $890 -
1982 $11,740 - $862 -
1983 $11,797 - $772 -
1984 $11,517 - $687 -
1985 $12,213 - $678 -
1986 $17,137 - $861 -
1987 $21,296 - $944 -
1988 $22,525 - $1,094 -
1989 $21,882 - $1,099 -
1990 $26,886 $18,227 $1,238 $2,777
1991 $27,003 $19,055 $1,302 $3,025
1992 $29,579 $19,818 $1,337 $2,979
1993 $27,582 $20,204 $1,236 $2,979
1994 $29,968 $21,655 $1,369 $3,315
1995 $35,321 $22,662 $1,478 $3,152
1996 $35,622 $23,714 $1,610 $3,551
1997 $32,780 $24,881 $1,439 $3,502
1998 $33,346 $25,797 $1,683 $3,740
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $1,651 $3,801
2000 $30,722 $28,642 $1,513 $3,930
2001 $30,768 $29,462 $1,521 $4,269
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $1,612 $4,436
2003 $40,519 $30,868 $1,962 $4,741
2004 $46,625 $33,020 $2,207 $5,025
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $2,268 $5,275
2006 $52,119 $37,400 $2,466 $5,781
2007 $58,632 $39,112 $2,788 $6,058
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $3,222 $6,437
2009 $58,413 $40,503 $3,158 $6,629
2010 $58,105 $43,042 $3,107 $6,849
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $3,345 $7,274
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $3,206 $7,308
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $3,425 $7,542
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $3,483 $7,237
2015 $53,094 $48,910 $3,190 $7,799
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $3,186 $7,853
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $3,344 $8,115
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $3,553 $7,801
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $3,560 $8,046
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $3,317 $7,705
2021 $69,728 $69,715 $3,843 $8,623
2022 $68,091 $77,400 $3,508 $9,284
2023 $68,454 $73,737 $3,829 $9,843
2024 $71,852 $79,514 $4,055 $10,305

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Denmark's government spending was $200B, accounting for 48.4% of its GDP, while Morocco's spent $52.8B, or 34.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 26.6% in Denmark and 68.9% in Morocco, ranking 166/185 and 58/185, respectively.

Denmark
Government spending

Government debt
Morocco
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Denmark Morocco
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 16.4% 20.1% - -
1961 15.6% 16.4% - -
1962 17% 15.3% - -
1963 18.2% 13.7% - -
1964 17.6% 14.5% - -
1965 17.1% 12.9% - -
1966 21.1% 11.2% - -
1967 22.2% 10.1% - -
1968 24.3% 9.36% - -
1969 25.3% 8.36% - -
1970 24.4% 7.62% - -
1971 42.2% 12.9% - -
1972 42.1% 11.5% - -
1973 39.5% 8.94% - -
1974 43.6% 6.2% - -
1975 45.3% 7.01% - -
1976 45% 11.4% - -
1977 45.6% 15.2% - -
1978 47.2% 25.5% - -
1979 49.6% 31.8% - -
1980 52.7% 39.2% - -
1981 56.3% 51.7% - -
1982 57.7% 64.5% - -
1983 57.9% 74.2% - -
1984 56.6% 77.7% - -
1985 55.5% 74.7% - -
1986 52.3% 66.8% - -
1987 54% 62.5% - -
1988 56.1% 64.7% - -
1989 56.2% 62.2% - -
1990 55.1% 62.4% 22.6% 70.5%
1991 55.5% 63.2% 20.8% 59.1%
1992 56.4% 66.7% 22.3% 67%
1993 59.5% 78.7% 23.1% 74.7%
1994 59.5% 75.3% 21.7% 69.3%
1995 58.7% 71.5% 21.3% 72.2%
1996 58.2% 68.3% 17.6% 65.3%
1997 56.2% 64.4% 18.6% 68%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 18.7% 64.5%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 18.4% 63.4%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 22.8% 64.9%
2001 53% 50.1% 23.7% 60.4%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 25.8% 59.4%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 24.1% 56.9%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 24.5% 54.4%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 28.6% 54.8%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 26% 50.6%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 26.4% 47.1%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 28.3% 42%
2009 56.3% 43% 28.1% 42.6%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 28.7% 45.3%
2011 56.3% 50% 31.2% 48.6%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 32.5% 52.3%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 30.4% 57.1%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 30.7% 58.6%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 28.5% 58.4%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 28.6% 60.1%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 27.9% 60.3%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 27.8% 60.5%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 27.7% 60.3%
2020 53.3% 46.3% 34.1% 72.2%
2021 49.4% 40.5% 31% 69.4%
2022 44.9% 34.1% 33.8% 71.5%
2023 46.8% 33.6% 32.3% 69.5%
2024 46.5% 28% 34.2% 70%
2025 48.4% 26.6% 34.3% 68.9%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $19.3B, equivalent to 4.5% of GDP. This compares to Morocco's deficit of -$6.26B, or -4.06% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 15 of those years, while Morocco ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to +0.44% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.93% of GDP for Morocco.

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Morocco
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Morocco
1880 -2.65% -
1881 0.42% -
1882 0.35% -
1883 0.73% -
1884 1.2% -
1885 0.48% -
1886 -0.39% -
1887 -0.68% -
1888 -0.49% -
1889 -0.55% -
1890 -0.97% -
1891 -0.76% -
1892 -0.73% -
1893 -0.42% -
1894 -0.26% -
1895 -0.17% -
1896 -0.07% -
1897 -0.61% -
1898 -0.43% -
1899 -0.59% -
1900 -0.84% -
1901 -0.71% -
1902 -0.06% -
1903 0.03% -
1904 -0.1% -
1905 0.22% -
1906 -0.42% -
1907 0.26% -
1908 -0.82% -
1909 -2.49% -
1910 -1.72% -
1911 -1.02% -
1912 0.13% -
1913 0.07% -
1914 0.43% -
1915 -0.48% -
1916 1.51% -
1917 3.1% -
1918 1.95% -
1919 -0.38% -
1920 -0.46% -
1921 -2.41% -
1922 -1.33% -
1923 -0.56% -
1924 -0.8% -
1925 -3.1% -
1926 -0.48% -
1927 -2.33% -
1928 -4.99% -
1929 0.13% -
1930 0.03% -
1931 -1.67% -
1932 -3.22% -
1933 1.69% -
1934 0.03% -
1935 -0.97% -
1936 -1.36% -
1937 0.22% -
1938 0.03% -
1939 0% -
1940 0% -
1941 0% -
1942 0% -
1943 0% -
1944 0% -
1945 -1.03% -
1946 2.69% -
1947 0.84% -
1948 1.07% -
1949 0.63% -
1950 1.08% -
1951 0.79% -
1952 1.18% -
1953 1.75% -
1954 -0.84% -
1955 -1.17% -
1956 -0.01% -
1957 0.26% -
1958 0.25% -
1959 0.79% -
1960 1.25% -
1961 1.73% -
1962 -0.09% -
1963 1.2% -
1964 1.79% -
1965 2.13% -
1966 0.99% -
1967 1.49% -
1968 -0.06% -
1969 0.3% -
1970 0.7% -
1971 4.96% -
1972 5.01% -
1973 4.97% -
1974 3.7% -
1975 -1.23% -
1976 0.19% -
1977 0.37% -
1978 0.41% -
1979 -0.69% -
1980 -2.32% -
1981 -5.84% -
1982 -8.22% -
1983 -6.29% -
1984 -3.58% -
1985 -1.38% -
1986 3.23% -
1987 2.46% -
1988 1.46% -
1989 0.3% -
1990 -1.78% -1.32%
1991 -3.15% -0.9%
1992 -2.6% -1.84%
1993 -3.73% -2%
1994 -3.85% -2.51%
1995 -3.5% -2.54%
1996 -2.4% 0.87%
1997 -1.22% 1.5%
1998 -0.28% 1.47%
1999 1.06% 3.21%
2000 1.79% -1.97%
2001 1.13% -3.79%
2002 0.25% -4.37%
2003 0.14% -3.74%
2004 2.23% -3.31%
2005 5.2% -5.46%
2006 5.29% -1.8%
2007 5.31% -0.12%
2008 3.46% 0.63%
2009 -2.75% -1.63%
2010 -2.52% -3.93%
2011 -1.77% -6.08%
2012 -3.2% -6.63%
2013 -0.94% -4.7%
2014 1.43% -4.78%
2015 -0.9% -4.59%
2016 0.3% -4.49%
2017 1.69% -3.3%
2018 0.81% -3.52%
2019 4.28% -3.88%
2020 0.36% -7.15%
2021 4.1% -5.92%
2022 3.44% -5.38%
2023 3.31% -4.46%
2024 4.5% -4.06%
2025 1.2% -3.89%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 1.86% in Morocco. In 2024, inflation was 1.37% in Denmark and 0.99% in Morocco.

Inflation
Denmark

Morocco
Year Inflation
Denmark Morocco Denmark Morocco
1996 2.13% 2.99%
1997 2.18% 1.04%
1998 1.85% 2.75%
1999 2.5% 0.68%
2000 2.9% 1.89%
2001 2.34% 0.62%
2002 2.42% 2.8%
2003 2.08% 1.17%
2004 1.15% 1.49%
2005 1.82% 0.98%
2006 1.92% 3.28%
2007 1.69% 2.04%
2008 3.42% 3.71%
2009 1.3% 0.97%
2010 2.31% 0.99%
2011 2.76% 0.91%
2012 2.4% 1.29%
2013 0.79% 1.88%
2014 0.56% 0.44%
2015 0.45% 1.56%
2016 0.25% 1.64%
2017 1.15% 0.75%
2018 0.81% 1.8%
2019 0.76% 0.3%
2020 0.42% 0.71%
2021 1.85% 1.4%
2022 7.7% 6.66%
2023 3.31% 6.09%
2024 1.37% 0.99%

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Transport & tourism services $261M
Machinery & equipment $37.4M
Metals $27.6M
Raw materials & minerals $23.8M
Animal & marine products $22.4M
Manufacturing & construction services $18.1M
Chemicals & pharma $17.9M
Raw agricultural goods $12.6M
Wood & paper products $10.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.42M
Morocco
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $50.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $10.6M
Raw materials & minerals $9.56M
Raw agricultural goods $8.55M
Animal & marine products $2.77M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.68M
Chemicals & pharma $463K
Wood & paper products $74K
Metals $46K
Precious metals & jewellery $29K

Balance of trade

Denmark Morocco
Current account balance
$52.1B
2024
-$1.87B
2024
Current account balance ranking
11/189
2024
139/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.1%
2024
-1.21%
2024
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$66.5B
2024
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$39.3B
2024
Service imports
$125B
2024
$14.3B
2024
Service exports
$129B
2024
$28.2B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
58.9%
2024
52.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
69.7%
2024
43.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Morocco
Economic freedom 79.1 60.3
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 94/197
Property rights 99.3 58.6
Government integrity 98 36.9
Judicial effectiveness 90.5 32.7
Tax burden 45 71.4
Government spending 33.6 67.9
Fiscal health 98.2 46.2
Business freedom 93 68.9
Labor freedom 64.9 48.5
Monetary freedom 76.6 74.7
Trade freedom 79.6 67.2
Investment freedom 90 75
Financial freedom 80 75

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79.1, ranking 8/197, compared to 60.3 for Morocco, ranking 94/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Denmark
Morocco
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Morocco
1995 - 62.8
1996 67.3 64.3
1997 67.5 64.7
1998 67.5 61.1
1999 68.1 63.8
2000 68.3 63.2
2001 68.3 63.9
2002 71.1 59
2003 73.2 57.8
2004 72.4 56.7
2005 75.3 52.2
2006 75.4 51.5
2007 77 56.4
2008 79.2 55.6
2009 79.6 57.7
2010 77.9 59.2
2011 78.6 59.6
2012 76.2 60.2
2013 76.1 59.6
2014 76.1 58.3
2015 76.3 60.1
2016 75.3 61.3
2017 75.1 61.5
2018 76.6 61.9
2019 76.7 62.9
2020 78.3 63.3
2021 77.8 63.3
2022 78 59.2
2023 77.6 58.4
2024 77.8 56.8
2025 79.1 60.3

More economic indicators

Denmark Morocco
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
54.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2024
24.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.74%
2024
10.1%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$441B
2024
$145B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$82,240
2024
$10,150
2024
Total reserves including gold
$108B
2024
$37.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
25/177
2024
52/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$11.9B
2024
-$948M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.5B
2024
$1.64B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.4B
2024
$691M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
4.07%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
3.9%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.6%
2024
29.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Denmark vs Morocco
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.