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Economy of Denmark vs Haiti compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Denmark has a GDP of $425B compared to $25.2B for Haiti, ranking 37/197 and 117/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $134B in government debt (31.5% of GDP), compared to $3.91B (15.5% of GDP) in Haiti.

Denmark vs Haiti GDP by year

Denmark
Haiti
1x
Year GDP, current $
Denmark Haiti
2024 $424,524,722,037 $25,224,154,991
2023 $404,651,706,118 $19,850,585,722
2022 $400,114,306,337 $20,253,551,921
2021 $406,110,162,088 $20,944,387,976
2020 $355,631,021,932 $14,508,222,518
2019 $345,401,473,013 $15,016,090,930
2018 $355,293,374,912 $16,403,864,618
2017 $331,610,593,962 $15,093,357,161
2016 $312,181,849,372 $14,069,277,526
2015 $301,758,922,338 $14,849,629,309
2014 $352,832,602,064 $15,146,883,498
2013 $344,631,016,965 $14,902,488,604
2012 $326,792,574,245 $13,708,925,477
2011 $344,315,595,263 $13,008,746,039
2010 $322,345,594,075 $11,859,312,725
2009 $322,619,152,195 $11,597,002,835
2008 $354,979,471,960 $10,432,962,635
2007 $320,213,157,595 $9,228,637,768
2006 $283,386,151,544 $7,638,739,123
2005 $265,150,087,712 $7,030,149,730
2004 $251,986,155,631 $6,087,360,684
2003 $218,421,193,436 $5,071,947,798
2002 $178,788,209,558 $6,205,847,214
2001 $164,881,594,415 $6,331,970,324
2000 $164,043,817,224 $6,813,566,099
1999 $177,887,720,536 $4,153,725,884
1998 $176,877,077,513 $3,723,903,724
1997 $173,241,365,735 $3,338,949,152
1996 $187,481,157,846 $2,907,517,604
1995 $184,848,481,008 $2,813,313,279
1994 $156,017,919,221 $2,167,569,046
1993 $143,111,306,004 $1,878,253,767
1992 $152,966,494,260 $2,257,129,792
1991 $139,180,507,778 $3,473,562,628
1990 $138,217,740,684 $3,096,289,800
1989 $112,312,200,761 $2,736,243,800
1988 $115,540,189,705 $2,613,926,800
1987 $109,183,446,340 $2,047,200,000
1986 $87,748,695,217 $2,318,000,000
1985 $62,452,421,011 $2,009,400,000
1984 $58,868,891,335 $1,816,200,000
1983 $60,331,158,447 $1,623,600,000
1982 $60,084,214,872 $1,474,200,000
1981 $61,459,941,461 $1,479,400,000
1980 $70,811,287,816 $1,383,800,000
1979 $70,393,030,603 $1,080,600,000
1978 $60,320,089,218 $974,200,000
1977 $49,711,709,588 $947,000,000
1976 $44,503,607,444 $879,000,000
1975 $40,418,967,666 $681,400,000
1974 $34,125,712,481 $565,399,322
1973 $30,718,181,337 $466,798,973
1972 $23,230,667,549 $371,998,958
1971 $19,086,192,720 $362,800,000
1970 $17,075,457,733 $331,200,000
1969 $15,414,902,667 $391,820,400
1968 $13,505,574,133 $367,968,800
1967 $13,059,064,806 $369,124,200
1966 $11,931,740,293 $368,948,600
1965 $10,870,670,865 $353,251,800
1964 $9,677,401,337 $325,281,200
1963 $8,466,044,980 $294,883,400
1962 $7,953,274,741 $281,896,800
1961 $7,058,361,229 $271,066,000
1960 $6,361,166,545 $273,187,200

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/haiti | CC BY

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Haiti by year

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Haiti
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Denmark Haiti
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $71,026 $81,878 $2,143 $3,194
2023 $68,044 $77,892 $1,706 $3,292
2022 $67,781 $78,914 $1,761 $3,275
2021 $69,341 $69,715 $1,841 $3,145
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $1,290 $3,103
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $1,352 $3,237
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $1,496 $3,197
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $1,395 $3,339
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $1,318 $3,253
2015 $53,094 $48,897 $1,411 $3,026
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $1,460 $3,076
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $1,458 $3,042
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $1,361 $2,830
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $1,312 $2,858
2010 $58,105 $43,038 $1,210 $2,695
2009 $58,413 $40,524 $1,197 $2,855
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $1,095 $2,724
2007 $58,632 $39,110 $985 $2,647
2006 $52,119 $37,392 $829 $2,504
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $776 $2,427
2004 $46,625 $33,016 $683 $2,322
2003 $40,519 $30,864 $579 $2,331
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $721 $2,248
2001 $30,768 $29,459 $749 $2,230
2000 $30,722 $28,648 $821 $2,229
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $510 $2,201
1998 $33,346 $25,799 $465 $2,152
1997 $32,780 $24,887 $425 $2,122
1996 $35,622 $23,723 $377 $2,070
1995 $35,321 $22,677 $372 $1,989
1994 $29,968 $21,669 $292.1 $1,807
1993 $27,582 $20,217 $258.1 $2,048
1992 $29,579 $19,830 $316 $2,158
1991 $27,003 $19,067 $497 $2,273
1990 $26,886 $18,225 $452 $2,202
1989 $21,882 - $407 -
1988 $22,525 - $397 -
1987 $21,296 - $318 -
1986 $17,137 - $367 -
1985 $12,213 - $325 -
1984 $11,517 - $299.2 -
1983 $11,797 - $272.8 -
1982 $11,740 - $252.6 -
1981 $12,000 - $258.5 -
1980 $13,822 - $246.5 -
1979 $13,757 - $196.2 -
1978 $11,818 - $180.3 -
1977 $9,770 - $178.7 -
1976 $8,773 - $169.1 -
1975 $7,988 - $133.6 -
1974 $6,764 - $113 -
1973 $6,117 - $95.1 -
1972 $4,654 - $77.3 -
1971 $3,846 - $76.8 -
1970 $3,464 - $71.5 -
1969 $3,151 - $86.1 -
1968 $2,776 - $82.4 -
1967 $2,701 - $84.2 -
1966 $2,487 - $85.7 -
1965 $2,284 - $83.6 -
1964 $2,049 - $78.5 -
1963 $1,807 - $72.4 -
1962 $1,711 - $70.4 -
1961 $1,531 - $69 -
1960 $1,389 - $70.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/haiti | CC BY

Denmark's GDP per capita is $71,026, ranking 12/197, compared to $2,143 in Haiti, ranking 153/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $81,878, while Haiti ranks 177th at $3,194.

Economic indicators

Denmark Haiti
Gross domestic product
$425B
2024
$25.2B
2024
GDP rank
37/197
2024
117/197
2024
GDP growth
3.48%
2023-2024
-4.17%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$71,026
2024
$2,143
2024
GDP per capita rank
12/197
2024
153/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$81,878
2024
$3,194
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
14/197
2024
177/197
2024
Government debt
$134B
2024
$3.91B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
31.5%
2024
15.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$22,340
2024
$332
2024
Government debt per person rank
30/185
2024
176/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$53,468
2026
$1,896
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
n/a
Number of millionaires
376,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
31.2%
2012
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
2.1%
2012
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.3%
2024
5.25%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.37%
2023-2024
26.9%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.15%
2024
14.1%
2012
Population
6032403
12076663

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Denmark
Spending

Debt
Haiti
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Denmark Haiti
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 47.3% 31.5% 5.25% 15.5%
2023 47.4% 33.8% 6.46% 28.5%
2022 45.1% 34.2% 8.33% 29.5%
2021 49.7% 40.7% 9.42% 28.9%
2020 53.3% 46.3% 9.86% 22.3%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 9.59% 26.5%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 11.3% 24.1%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 10.2% 22.5%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 10.5% 24.4%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 12.7% 23.9%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 14.6% 21.4%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 15.9% 25.1%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 16.4% 24.1%
2011 56.3% 50% 14.1% 22.3%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 12.6% 24.9%
2009 56.3% 43% 11.6% 19.4%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 11.2% 33.9%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 11.1% 24.4%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 9.67% 32.2%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 8.75% 29.7%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 7.38% 30.4%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 7.83% 37.8%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 6.64% 32%
2001 53% 50.1% 6.11% 28.8%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 6.25% 32.5%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 6.91% 24.1%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 5.4% 24%
1997 56.2% 64.4% 5.46% 26.2%
1996 58.2% 68.3% - 26.2%
1995 58.7% 71.5% - 26.2%
1994 59.5% 75.3% - 35.3%
1993 59.5% 78.7% - 98%
1992 56.4% 66.7% - 118.9%
1991 55.5% 63.2% - 80.7%
1990 55.1% 62.4% - 85.1%
1989 56.2% 62.2% - 98.7%
1988 56.1% 64.7% - 90.9%
1987 54% 62.5% 32.4% 58.6%
1986 52.3% 66.8% 15.1% 26.5%
1985 55.5% 74.7% 17.4% 25.6%
1984 56.6% 77.7% 16.9% 27.3%
1983 57.9% 74.2% 21.9% 28.9%
1982 57.7% 64.5% 20.7% 25.5%
1981 56.3% 51.7% 17.4% 23.7%
1980 52.7% 39.2% 17.2% 20.3%
1979 49.6% 31.8% 13.1% 19.8%
1978 47.2% 25.5% 18.9% 20.1%
1977 45.6% 15.2% 16.7% 18.5%
1976 45% 11.4% 13.4% 14.9%
1975 45.3% 7.01% 12.8% 14.2%
1974 43.6% 6.2% 9.24% 13.3%
1973 39.5% 8.94% 9.4% 8.92%
1972 42.1% 11.5% 11.2% 11.1%
1971 42.2% 12.9% 11.2% 11%
1970 24.4% 7.62% 11.4% 12.5%
1969 25.3% 8.36% 10.1% -
1968 24.3% 9.36% 10.3% -
1967 22.2% 10.1% 7.52% -
1966 21.1% 11.2% 7.2% -
1965 17.1% 12.9% 7.91% -
1964 17.6% 14.5% - -
1963 18.2% 13.7% 8.95% -
1962 17% 15.3% - -
1961 15.6% 16.4% - -
1960 16.4% 20.1% 7.34% 21.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/haiti | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government spending was $201B, accounting for 47.3% of its GDP, while Haiti spent $1.32B, or 5.25% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 31.5% in Denmark and 15.5% in Haiti, ranking 155/185 and 177/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Haiti
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Haiti
2024 4.46% 6.96%
2023 3.43% 0.77%
2022 3.39% -1.75%
2021 4.12% -2.45%
2020 0.36% -1.96%
2019 4.28% -1.99%
2018 0.81% -1.13%
2017 1.69% -0.32%
2016 0.3% 0.12%
2015 -0.9% -1.47%
2014 1.43% -3.64%
2013 -0.94% -3.98%
2012 -3.2% -2.71%
2011 -1.77% -1.43%
2010 -2.52% -1.5%
2009 -2.75% -2%
2008 3.46% -1.8%
2007 5.31% -1.55%
2006 5.29% -0.91%
2005 5.2% -0.83%
2004 2.23% -1.34%
2003 0.14% -2.24%
2002 0.25% -1.8%
2001 1.13% -1.55%
2000 1.79% -1.36%
1999 1.06% -1.54%
1998 -0.28% 0.21%
1997 -1.22% 0.37%
1996 -2.4% -
1995 -3.5% -
1994 -3.85% -
1993 -3.73% -
1992 -2.6% -
1991 -3.15% -
1990 -1.78% -
1989 0.3% -
1988 1.46% -
1987 2.46% -4.94%
1986 3.23% -1.4%
1985 -1.38% -0.97%
1984 -3.58% -3.52%
1983 -6.29% -5.72%
1982 -8.22% -3.93%
1981 -5.84% -4.38%
1980 -2.32% -5.68%
1979 -0.69% -2.21%
1978 0.41% -3.24%
1977 0.37% -2.85%
1976 0.19% -1.16%
1975 -1.23% -1.73%
1974 3.7% 0.23%
1973 4.97% 0.03%
1972 5.01% 0.24%
1971 4.96% -0.08%
1970 0.7% -0.19%
1969 0.3% -0.39%
1968 -0.06% -0.46%
1967 1.49% 0%
1966 0.99% 0%
1965 2.13% 0%
1964 1.79% -
1963 1.2% 0%
1962 -0.09% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 1.25% 0.006%
1959 0.79% -1.11%
1958 0.25% -2.21%
1957 0.26% 0.28%
1956 -0.01% -2.18%
1955 -1.17% -0.86%
1954 -0.84% -0.81%
1953 1.75% -1.01%
1952 1.18% -
1951 0.79% -
1950 1.08% -
1949 0.63% -0.12%
1948 1.07% 0.21%
1947 0.84% 1.06%
1946 2.69% 0.51%
1945 -1.03% 0.47%
1944 0% -
1943 0% -
1942 0% -
1941 0% -0.21%
1940 0% 0.13%
1939 0% -0.16%
1938 0.03% 0.15%
1937 0.22% -0.08%
1936 -1.36% -0.06%
1935 -0.97% -0.2%
1934 0.03% -1.23%
1933 1.69% 0%
1932 -3.22% 0.4%
1931 -1.67% -0.49%
1930 0.03% -0.52%
1929 0.13% -0.32%
1928 -4.99% -0.25%
1927 -2.33% 0.73%
1926 -0.48% -0.45%
1925 -3.1% 0.05%
1924 -0.8% -0.14%
1923 -0.56% -
1922 -1.33% -
1921 -2.41% -
1920 -0.46% -
1919 -0.38% -
1918 1.95% -
1917 3.1% -
1916 1.51% -
1915 -0.48% -
1914 0.43% -
1913 0.07% -
1912 0.13% -
1911 -1.02% -
1910 -1.72% -
1909 -2.49% -
1908 -0.82% -
1907 0.26% -
1906 -0.42% -
1905 0.22% -
1904 -0.1% -
1903 0.03% -
1902 -0.06% -
1901 -0.71% -
1900 -0.84% -
1899 -0.59% -
1898 -0.43% -
1897 -0.61% -
1896 -0.07% -
1895 -0.17% -
1894 -0.26% -
1893 -0.42% -
1892 -0.73% -
1891 -0.76% -
1890 -0.97% -
1889 -0.55% -
1888 -0.49% -
1887 -0.68% -
1886 -0.39% -
1885 0.48% -
1884 1.2% -
1883 0.73% -
1882 0.35% -
1881 0.42% -
1880 -2.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/haiti | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $18.9B, equivalent to 4.46% of GDP. This compares to Haiti's surplus of $1.76B, or 6.96% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while Haiti ran a deficit in 40 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to 0.38% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.42% of GDP for Haiti.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Denmark

Haiti
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Denmark Haiti
2024 1.37% 26.9%
2023 3.31% 36.8%
2022 7.7% 34%
2021 1.85% 16.8%
2020 0.42% 22.8%
2019 0.76% 18.7%
2018 0.81% 12.5%
2017 1.15% 10.7%
2016 0.25% 11.5%
2015 0.45% 6.73%
2014 0.56% 3.44%
2013 0.79% 4.77%
2012 2.4% 5.02%
2011 2.76% 6.33%
2010 2.31% 4.83%
2009 1.3% 0.39%
2008 3.42% 15.3%
2007 1.69% 6.56%
2006 1.92% 11.3%
2005 1.82% 14%
2004 1.15% 21%
2003 2.08% 28.7%
2002 2.42% 7.03%
2001 2.34% 13.3%
2000 2.9% 9.33%
1999 2.5% 3%
1998 1.85% 5.27%
1997 2.18% 20.6%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/haiti | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 13.5% in Haiti. In 2024, inflation was 1.37% in Denmark and 26.9% in Haiti.

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $788K
Chemicals & pharma $646K
Animal & marine products $319K
Metals $160K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $88K
Textiles & consumer goods $40K
Raw materials & minerals $37K
Miscellaneous $23K
Wood & paper products $9K
Haiti
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $4K

Balance of trade

Denmark Haiti
Current account balance
$52.1B
2024
-$145M
2024
Current account balance ranking
14/190
2024
92/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.3%
2024
-0.58%
2024
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$4.27B
2024
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$767M
2024
Service imports
$125B
2024
$518M
2024
Service exports
$129B
2024
$96.6M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
60.8%
2024
18.8%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
71%
2024
3.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Haiti
Economic freedom 79 46.1
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 178/197
Property rights 99.9 6.6
Government integrity 98 13
Judicial effectiveness 89.3 17.3
Tax burden 43.4 81.7
Government spending 34.8 98.7
Fiscal health 98 99.5
Business freedom 90.4 30.7
Labor freedom 65 54.7
Monetary freedom 80.1 45.1
Trade freedom 79.4 66.4
Investment freedom 90 20
Financial freedom 80 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Denmark
Haiti
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Haiti
2026 79 46.1
2025 79.1 46.1
2024 77.8 48.2
2023 77.6 49.9
2022 78 50
2021 77.8 50.8
2020 78.3 52.3
2019 76.7 52.7
2018 76.6 55.8
2017 75.1 49.6
2016 75.3 51.3
2015 76.3 51.3
2014 76.1 48.9
2013 76.1 48.1
2012 76.2 50.7
2011 78.6 52.1
2010 77.9 50.8
2009 79.6 50.5
2008 79.2 49
2007 77 51.4
2006 75.4 49.2
2005 75.3 48.4
2004 72.4 51.2
2003 73.2 50.6
2002 71.1 47.9
2001 68.3 47.1
2000 68.3 45.7
1999 68.1 45.9
1998 67.5 45.7
1997 67.5 45.8
1996 67.3 41
1995 - 43

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/haiti | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79, ranking 8/197, compared to 46.1 for Haiti, ranking 178/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Denmark Haiti
Services, % of GDP
63.5%
2024
48.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.1%
2024
33.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.93%
2024
15.9%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$434B
2024
$20.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$84,680
2024
$3,190
2024
Total reserves including gold
$108B
2024
$2.72B
2024
Total reserves ranking
25/177
2024
121/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$11.9B
2024
-$20M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.5B
2024
$20M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.7B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.15%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
58.5%
2012
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
9.94%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.