Bolivia has a GDP of $54.9B compared to $62.3M for Tuvalu, ranking 88/197 and 196/197 by economy size, respectively.
Bolivia has $53.8B in government debt (98% of GDP), compared to $4.15M (6.96% of GDP) in Tuvalu.
Bolivia vs Tuvalu GDP by year
| Year | GDP, current $ | |
|---|---|---|
Bolivia
|
Tuvalu
|
|
| 2024 | $54,881,327,453 | - |
| 2023 | $52,340,206,946 | $62,280,312 |
| 2022 | $50,959,081,954 | $59,065,982 |
| 2021 | $47,877,892,402 | $60,196,406 |
| 2020 | $42,313,784,081 | $51,746,594 |
| 2019 | $49,056,643,589 | $54,123,199 |
| 2018 | $48,414,038,842 | $48,015,260 |
| 2017 | $45,927,439,595 | $45,276,595 |
| 2016 | $33,941,126,194 | $41,629,064 |
| 2015 | $33,000,198,249 | $36,811,936 |
| 2014 | $32,996,188,017 | $38,760,983 |
| 2013 | $30,659,338,886 | $38,615,891 |
| 2012 | $27,084,497,482 | $39,345,579 |
| 2011 | $23,963,164,697 | $39,196,957 |
| 2010 | $19,649,723,722 | $32,105,408 |
| 2009 | $17,339,992,194 | $28,076,984 |
| 2008 | $16,674,276,286 | $31,874,435 |
| 2007 | $13,120,108,008 | $28,450,169 |
| 2006 | $11,451,844,902 | $24,096,875 |
| 2005 | $9,549,122,905 | $22,909,980 |
| 2004 | $8,773,451,752 | $22,798,275 |
| 2003 | $8,082,399,640 | $19,456,338 |
| 2002 | $7,905,485,146 | $16,842,673 |
| 2001 | $8,141,516,928 | $13,964,732 |
| 2000 | $8,397,855,485 | $15,073,976 |
| 1999 | $8,285,064,435 | $14,800,503 |
| 1998 | $8,497,494,652 | $13,795,146 |
| 1997 | $7,925,736,821 | $13,734,210 |
| 1996 | $7,396,949,126 | $13,338,597 |
| 1995 | $6,715,161,732 | $11,922,614 |
| 1994 | $5,981,222,859 | $11,772,611 |
| 1993 | $5,734,699,489 | $10,414,400 |
| 1992 | $5,643,868,749 | $10,535,028 |
| 1991 | $5,343,262,457 | $10,127,314 |
| 1990 | $4,867,582,598 | $9,542,901 |
| 1989 | $4,715,973,437 | $8,454,523 |
| 1988 | $4,597,612,362 | $7,011,059 |
| 1987 | $4,347,956,338 | $5,020,513 |
| 1986 | $3,959,382,833 | $4,574,706 |
| 1985 | $5,377,276,555 | $3,862,852 |
| 1984 | $6,169,483,225 | $4,481,978 |
| 1983 | $5,422,656,823 | $4,152,550 |
| 1982 | $5,594,126,369 | $4,118,945 |
| 1981 | $5,891,598,695 | $4,773,018 |
| 1980 | $4,537,479,608 | $4,206,128 |
| 1979 | $4,421,336,383 | $4,065,659 |
| 1978 | $3,758,220,890 | $3,798,782 |
| 1977 | $3,227,436,282 | $3,669,420 |
| 1976 | $2,731,984,008 | $3,919,072 |
| 1975 | $2,404,697,651 | $4,014,748 |
| 1974 | $2,100,249,875 | $4,122,329 |
| 1973 | $1,262,968,516 | $3,411,915 |
| 1972 | $1,257,615,645 | $2,968,458 |
| 1971 | $1,095,622,896 | $2,716,990 |
| 1970 | $1,017,003,367 | $2,585,956 |
| 1969 | $929,629,630 | - |
| 1968 | $857,912,458 | - |
| 1967 | $755,808,081 | - |
| 1966 | $669,191,919 | - |
| 1965 | $604,377,104 | - |
| 1964 | $544,023,569 | - |
| 1963 | $482,828,283 | - |
| 1962 | $448,400,673 | - |
| 1961 | $410,101,010 | - |
| 1960 | $377,020,202 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/tuvalu | CC BY 
GDP per capita in Bolivia vs Tuvalu by year
| Year | Current $ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bolivia
|
Tuvalu
|
|||
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2024 | $4,421 | $12,878 | - | - |
| 2023 | $4,275 | $12,892 | $6,345 | $6,151 |
| 2022 | $4,219 | $12,307 | $5,911 | $5,661 |
| 2021 | $4,011 | $11,202 | $5,905 | $5,353 |
| 2020 | $3,581 | $9,581 | $4,976 | $5,122 |
| 2019 | $4,203 | $11,005 | $5,115 | $5,210 |
| 2018 | $4,207 | $10,758 | $4,466 | $4,432 |
| 2017 | $4,048 | $10,420 | $4,166 | $4,227 |
| 2016 | $3,036 | $9,242 | $3,809 | $4,031 |
| 2015 | $2,996 | $8,757 | $3,358 | $3,776 |
| 2014 | $3,041 | $8,629 | $3,529 | $3,419 |
| 2013 | $2,870 | $8,069 | $3,510 | $3,277 |
| 2012 | $2,576 | $7,184 | $3,598 | $3,170 |
| 2011 | $2,316 | $6,598 | $3,636 | $3,176 |
| 2010 | $1,930 | $6,245 | $3,025 | $2,945 |
| 2009 | $1,731 | $6,024 | $2,684 | $3,082 |
| 2008 | $1,693 | $5,890 | $3,088 | $3,291 |
| 2007 | $1,355 | $5,537 | $2,794 | $3,034 |
| 2006 | $1,203 | $5,244 | $2,396 | $2,787 |
| 2005 | $1,020 | $4,938 | $2,305 | $2,728 |
| 2004 | $953 | $4,663 | $2,323 | $2,765 |
| 2003 | $893 | $4,433 | $2,007 | $2,770 |
| 2002 | $888 | $4,304 | $1,750 | $2,915 |
| 2001 | $930 | $4,205 | $1,457 | $2,596 |
| 2000 | $976 | $4,113 | $1,579 | $2,597 |
| 1999 | $979 | $3,991 | $1,559 | $2,543 |
| 1998 | $1,022 | $3,988 | $1,460 | $2,560 |
| 1997 | $970 | $3,822 | $1,461 | $2,204 |
| 1996 | $922 | $3,645 | $1,428 | $1,982 |
| 1995 | $853 | $3,494 | $1,285 | $2,083 |
| 1994 | $774 | $3,331 | $1,279 | $2,165 |
| 1993 | $757 | $3,177 | $1,141 | $1,939 |
| 1992 | $760 | $3,036 | $1,166 | $1,837 |
| 1991 | $734 | $2,981 | $1,134 | $1,769 |
| 1990 | $683 | $2,797 | $1,085 | $1,676 |
| 1989 | $675 | - | $976 | - |
| 1988 | $673 | - | $823 | - |
| 1987 | $650 | - | $600 | - |
| 1986 | $604 | - | $557 | - |
| 1985 | $838 | - | $480 | - |
| 1984 | $982 | - | $567 | - |
| 1983 | $882 | - | $533 | - |
| 1982 | $930 | - | $537 | - |
| 1981 | $1,001 | - | $634 | - |
| 1980 | $788 | - | $571 | - |
| 1979 | $785 | - | $566 | - |
| 1978 | $683 | - | $546 | - |
| 1977 | $600 | - | $549 | - |
| 1976 | $520 | - | $612 | - |
| 1975 | $468 | - | $656 | - |
| 1974 | $418 | - | $708 | - |
| 1973 | $257.2 | - | $601 | - |
| 1972 | $261.9 | - | $522 | - |
| 1971 | $233.4 | - | $478 | - |
| 1970 | $221.6 | - | $457 | - |
| 1969 | $207.1 | - | - | - |
| 1968 | $195.5 | - | - | - |
| 1967 | $176.1 | - | - | - |
| 1966 | $159.3 | - | - | - |
| 1965 | $147.1 | - | - | - |
| 1964 | $135.2 | - | - | - |
| 1963 | $122.6 | - | - | - |
| 1962 | $116.2 | - | - | - |
| 1961 | $108.5 | - | - | - |
| 1960 | $101.8 | - | - | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/tuvalu | CC BY
Bolivia's GDP per capita is $4,421, ranking 125/197, compared to $6,345 in Tuvalu, ranking 110/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Bolivia ranks 122nd at $12,878, while Tuvalu ranks 152nd at $6,151.
Economic indicators
|
Bolivia
|
Tuvalu
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$54.9B
2024 |
$62.3M
2023 |
| GDP rank |
88/197
2024 |
196/197
2023 |
| GDP growth |
-1.12%
2023-2024 |
3.85%
2022-2023 |
| GDP per capita |
$4,421
2024 |
$6,345
2023 |
| GDP per capita rank |
125/197
2024 |
110/197
2023 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$12,878
2024 |
$6,151
2023 |
| GDP per capita PPP rank |
122/197
2024 |
152/197
2023 |
| Government debt |
$53.8B
2024 |
$4.15M
2023 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
98%
2024 |
6.96%
2024 |
| Government debt per person |
$4,331
2024 |
$423
2023 |
| Government debt per person rank |
88/185
2024 |
171/185
2023 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$4,720
2026 |
$4,233
2026 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
31.3%
2023 |
30.8%
2010 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
1.8%
2023 |
2.7%
2010 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
39.8%
2024 |
118.4%
2024 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
5.1%
2023-2024 |
1.2%
2023-2024 |
| Central bank interest rate |
3.26%
2025 |
n/a |
| Unemployment rate |
2.73%
2024 |
7.32%
2022 |
| Population |
12798112
|
9341
|
Spending and national debt comparison by year
| Year | % of GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bolivia
|
Tuvalu
|
|||
| Government spending | Government debt | Government spending | Government debt | |
| 2024 | 39.8% | 98% | 118.4% | 6.96% |
| 2023 | 38.7% | 90.8% | 138.8% | 6.67% |
| 2022 | 36% | 80.1% | 115.3% | 6.33% |
| 2021 | 34.8% | 81.4% | 113.8% | 11.3% |
| 2020 | 36.8% | 78% | 119.5% | 12.1% |
| 2019 | 36.1% | 58.6% | 113.6% | 11.6% |
| 2018 | 37.7% | 53.1% | 125.6% | 11.8% |
| 2017 | 38.6% | 51.3% | 106.4% | 12% |
| 2016 | 40% | 46.5% | 119.6% | 11.5% |
| 2015 | 44.5% | 40.9% | 116.9% | 14.4% |
| 2014 | 41.2% | 37.6% | 96.8% | 16.4% |
| 2013 | 35.4% | 36.1% | 80.2% | 17.8% |
| 2012 | 36% | 35.4% | 76.8% | 19.3% |
| 2011 | 35.4% | 35.3% | 77.2% | 19.1% |
| 2010 | 31.5% | 37.6% | 93.9% | 21.1% |
| 2009 | 33.2% | 39.2% | 100% | 20.6% |
| 2008 | 35.3% | 36.8% | 85.8% | 19.8% |
| 2007 | 32.7% | 40% | 88.6% | 32.4% |
| 2006 | 29.8% | 54.4% | 98.5% | 37.5% |
| 2005 | 33.2% | 82.2% | 82.1% | 37.4% |
| 2004 | 32.3% | 89.8% | 74.1% | - |
| 2003 | 32% | 95.6% | - | - |
| 2002 | 33.3% | 86.7% | - | - |
| 2001 | 32% | 83% | - | - |
| 2000 | 29.3% | 74.3% | - | - |
| 1999 | 29.4% | 61.7% | - | - |
| 1998 | 30% | 61.2% | - | - |
| 1997 | 28.3% | 64.6% | - | - |
| 1996 | 26% | 72.4% | - | - |
| 1995 | 25.8% | 81.7% | - | - |
| 1994 | 26.8% | 87.6% | - | - |
| 1993 | 27.2% | 83.8% | - | - |
| 1992 | 25.3% | 92.4% | - | - |
| 1991 | 24.2% | 92.8% | - | - |
| 1990 | 22.8% | 102.9% | - | - |
| 1989 | 24.4% | 98% | - | - |
| 1988 | 24% | 115.9% | - | - |
| 1987 | 24.4% | 145.3% | - | - |
| 1986 | 22.2% | 149% | - | - |
| 1985 | 21.8% | 205.2% | - | - |
| 1984 | 29% | 166.5% | - | - |
| 1983 | 32.1% | 157.3% | - | - |
| 1982 | 25% | 155.4% | - | - |
| 1981 | 16.6% | 121.7% | - | - |
| 1980 | 19.8% | 100% | - | - |
| 1979 | 18% | 92% | - | - |
| 1978 | 17.3% | 82.5% | - | - |
| 1977 | 18.6% | 82.4% | - | - |
| 1976 | 16.8% | 68.9% | - | - |
| 1975 | 14.4% | 56.2% | - | - |
| 1974 | 14.2% | 52.7% | - | - |
| 1973 | 14.1% | 80.9% | - | - |
| 1972 | 11.8% | 77.7% | - | - |
| 1971 | 11.3% | 65.7% | - | - |
| 1970 | 10% | 63.9% | - | - |
| 1969 | 12.3% | - | - | - |
| 1968 | 14.1% | - | - | - |
| 1967 | 13.1% | - | - | - |
| 1966 | 12.9% | - | - | - |
| 1965 | 12.9% | - | - | - |
| 1964 | 10.8% | - | - | - |
| 1963 | 10.8% | - | - | - |
| 1962 | 10.2% | - | - | - |
| 1961 | 10.7% | - | - | - |
| 1960 | 10.1% | - | - | - |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/tuvalu | CC BY
In 2024, Bolivia's government spending was $21.9B, accounting for 39.8% of its GDP, while Tuvalu spent $86.4M, or 118.4% of GDP.
Debt-to-GDP ratio is 98% in Bolivia and 6.96% in Tuvalu, ranking 26/185 and 182/185, respectively.
Government deficit by year
| Year | Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Bolivia
|
Tuvalu
|
|
| 2024 | -10.6% | -8.23% |
| 2023 | -10.9% | 15.3% |
| 2022 | -7.12% | -14.6% |
| 2021 | -9.33% | -13.3% |
| 2020 | -12.7% | 13.7% |
| 2019 | -7.25% | -1.07% |
| 2018 | -8.17% | 30.3% |
| 2017 | -7.86% | 2.09% |
| 2016 | -7.24% | 27.5% |
| 2015 | -6.93% | 14.7% |
| 2014 | -3.41% | 3.26% |
| 2013 | 0.6% | 26% |
| 2012 | 1.72% | 9.58% |
| 2011 | 0.83% | -8.8% |
| 2010 | 1.62% | -23.4% |
| 2009 | 2.63% | -13.5% |
| 2008 | 3.53% | -17.2% |
| 2007 | -1.54% | -18.6% |
| 2006 | 4.47% | -36.8% |
| 2005 | -2.24% | -12.8% |
| 2004 | -5.54% | -3.6% |
| 2003 | -7.88% | - |
| 2002 | -8.79% | - |
| 2001 | -6.82% | - |
| 2000 | -3.73% | - |
| 1999 | -3.84% | - |
| 1998 | -5.1% | - |
| 1997 | -3.28% | - |
| 1996 | -1.9% | - |
| 1995 | -1.82% | - |
| 1994 | -3% | - |
| 1993 | -6.1% | - |
| 1992 | -4.4% | - |
| 1991 | -4.2% | - |
| 1990 | -4.4% | - |
| 1989 | -5.5% | - |
| 1988 | -6.5% | - |
| 1987 | -7.7% | - |
| 1986 | -2.7% | - |
| 1985 | -9.8% | - |
| 1984 | -25.4% | - |
| 1983 | -19.8% | - |
| 1982 | -15.9% | - |
| 1981 | -12.3% | - |
| 1980 | -15.3% | - |
| 1979 | -11.2% | - |
| 1978 | -9.97% | - |
| 1977 | -11.2% | - |
| 1976 | -1.15% | - |
| 1975 | -2.33% | - |
| 1974 | -1.87% | - |
| 1973 | -3.72% | - |
| 1972 | -3.69% | - |
| 1971 | -3.67% | - |
| 1970 | -1.92% | - |
| 1969 | -4.16% | - |
| 1968 | -5.67% | - |
| 1967 | -4.29% | - |
| 1966 | -3.55% | - |
| 1965 | -4.12% | - |
| 1964 | -2.68% | - |
| 1963 | -3.02% | - |
| 1962 | -2.8% | - |
| 1961 | -2.81% | - |
| 1960 | -3.35% | - |
| 1959 | -4.32% | - |
| 1958 | -2.95% | - |
| 1957 | -1.11% | - |
| 1956 | -0.11% | - |
| 1955 | 0.33% | - |
| 1954 | 0.006% | - |
| 1953 | -0.48% | - |
| 1952 | -0.94% | - |
| 1951 | -0.42% | - |
| 1950 | -1.17% | - |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1950–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/tuvalu | CC BY
In 2023, Bolivia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $5.73B, equivalent to 10.9% of GDP. This compares to Tuvalu's surplus of $9.55M, or 15.3% of GDP.
Over the past 20 years, Bolivia recorded a fiscal deficit in 13 of those years, while Tuvalu ran a deficit in 11 years. On average, Bolivia posted an annual deficit equal to 3.75% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.06% of GDP for Tuvalu.
Inflation comparison by year
| Year | Consumer prices inflation | |
|---|---|---|
|
Bolivia
|
Tuvalu
|
|
| 2024 | 5.1% | 1.2% |
| 2023 | 2.58% | 7.2% |
| 2022 | 1.75% | 12.2% |
| 2021 | 0.74% | 6.7% |
| 2020 | 0.94% | 1.6% |
| 2019 | 1.84% | 3.5% |
| 2018 | 2.27% | 2.2% |
| 2017 | 2.82% | 4.1% |
| 2016 | 3.62% | 3.5% |
| 2015 | 4.06% | 3.1% |
| 2014 | 5.77% | 1.1% |
| 2013 | 5.74% | 2% |
| 2012 | 4.52% | 1.4% |
| 2011 | 9.88% | 0.5% |
| 2010 | 2.5% | -1.9% |
| 2009 | 3.35% | -0.3% |
| 2008 | 14% | 10.4% |
| 2007 | 8.71% | 2.3% |
| 2006 | 4.28% | 4.2% |
| 2005 | 5.39% | 3.2% |
| 2004 | 4.44% | 2.4% |
| 2003 | 3.34% | 2.9% |
| 2002 | 0.93% | 5.1% |
| 2001 | 1.59% | 1.5% |
| 2000 | 4.61% | - |
| 1999 | 2.16% | - |
| 1998 | 7.67% | - |
| 1997 | 4.71% | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (2001–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/tuvalu | CC BY
Over the past 24 years, Bolivia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.17%, compared with 3.34% in Tuvalu. In 2024, inflation was 5.1% in Bolivia and 1.2% in Tuvalu.
Balance of trade
|
Bolivia
|
Tuvalu
|
|
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$1.41B
2024 |
$2.71M
2022 |
| Current account balance ranking |
132/190
2024 |
77/190
2022 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-2.56%
2024 |
+4.59%
2022 |
| Goods imports |
$9.15B
2024 |
$24.2M
2022 |
| Goods exports |
$8.93B
2024 |
$184K
2022 |
| Service imports |
$2.35B
2024 |
$33.1M
2022 |
| Service exports |
$1.14B
2024 |
$2.05M
2022 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
25.5%
2024 |
n/a |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
21.4%
2024 |
8.22%
2025 |
Economic freedom indices
The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.
|
Bolivia
|
Tuvalu
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 42.4 | 60 |
| Economic freedom ranking | 184/197 | 99/197 |
| Property rights | 20.2 | n/a |
| Government integrity | 27.1 | n/a |
| Judicial effectiveness | 29.5 | n/a |
| Tax burden | 86.4 | n/a |
| Government spending | 56.3 | n/a |
| Fiscal health | 0.8 | n/a |
| Business freedom | 53.6 | n/a |
| Labor freedom | 52.2 | n/a |
| Monetary freedom | 67.1 | n/a |
| Trade freedom | 60.6 | n/a |
| Investment freedom | 15 | n/a |
| Financial freedom | 40 | n/a |
Other economic metrics
|
Bolivia
|
Tuvalu
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
53.4%
2024 |
n/a |
| Industry, % of GDP |
31.3%
2024 |
7.02%
2015 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
8.83%
2024 |
15.9%
2015 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$51.7B
2024 |
$86M
2023 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$12,620
2024 |
$8,320
2023 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$1.98B
2024 |
n/a |
| Total reserves ranking |
127/177
2024 |
n/a |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$113M
2024 |
$0
2022 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$387M
2024 |
$258K
2024 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$133M
2024 |
$0
2024 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
3.41%
2024 |
n/a |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
36.5%
2023 |
26.3%
2020 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
17.9%
2024 |
n/a |
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/tuvalu | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1950–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.