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Economy of Australia vs Bolivia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Australia has a GDP of $1.76T compared to $54.9B for Bolivia, ranking 14/197 and 88/197 by economy size, respectively.

Australia has $891B in government debt (50.7% of GDP), compared to $53.8B (98% of GDP) in Bolivia.

Australia vs Bolivia GDP by year

Australia
Bolivia
1x
Year GDP, current $
Australia Bolivia
2024 $1,757,022,451,653 $54,881,327,453
2023 $1,734,451,264,656 $52,340,206,946
2022 $1,695,627,535,476 $50,959,081,954
2021 $1,560,617,493,203 $47,877,892,402
2020 $1,333,336,461,648 $42,313,784,081
2019 $1,398,349,602,956 $49,056,643,589
2018 $1,433,144,978,762 $48,414,038,842
2017 $1,330,890,554,614 $45,927,439,595
2016 $1,211,588,128,418 $33,941,126,194
2015 $1,356,805,839,936 $33,000,198,249
2014 $1,474,677,007,566 $32,996,188,017
2013 $1,583,737,461,925 $30,659,338,886
2012 $1,552,728,401,402 $27,084,497,482
2011 $1,402,939,868,653 $23,963,164,697
2010 $1,152,566,632,022 $19,649,723,722
2009 $931,761,689,771 $17,339,992,194
2008 $1,058,448,244,064 $16,674,276,286
2007 $856,603,595,823 $13,120,108,008
2006 $749,708,370,333 $11,451,844,902
2005 $696,811,489,613 $9,549,122,905
2004 $615,643,050,221 $8,773,451,752
2003 $468,517,181,130 $8,082,399,640
2002 $396,436,967,263 $7,905,485,146
2001 $380,360,222,861 $8,141,516,928
2000 $416,901,962,163 $8,397,855,485
1999 $390,347,787,943 $8,285,064,435
1998 $400,361,527,505 $8,497,494,652
1997 $436,321,902,767 $7,925,736,821
1996 $401,962,517,479 $7,396,949,126
1995 $368,725,126,225 $6,715,161,732
1994 $323,269,456,935 $5,981,222,859
1993 $312,568,858,910 $5,734,699,489
1992 $325,982,966,981 $5,643,868,749
1991 $326,416,407,861 $5,343,262,457
1990 $311,840,666,465 $4,867,582,598
1989 $300,264,309,002 $4,715,973,437
1988 $236,461,079,970 $4,597,612,362
1987 $189,726,707,253 $4,347,956,338
1986 $182,707,050,923 $3,959,382,833
1985 $180,861,108,959 $5,377,276,555
1984 $193,749,932,078 $6,169,483,225
1983 $177,523,719,680 $5,422,656,823
1982 $194,323,071,831 $5,594,126,369
1981 $177,151,979,566 $5,891,598,695
1980 $150,200,557,103 $4,537,479,608
1979 $135,093,718,051 $4,421,336,383
1978 $118,660,813,780 $3,758,220,890
1977 $110,504,702,914 $3,227,436,282
1976 $105,209,354,856 $2,731,984,008
1975 $97,440,939,506 $2,404,697,651
1974 $89,086,219,602 $2,100,249,875
1973 $63,923,126,201 $1,262,968,516
1972 $52,117,990,654 $1,257,615,645
1971 $45,283,847,245 $1,095,622,896
1970 $41,395,206,623 $1,017,003,367
1969 $36,738,245,878 $929,629,630
1968 $32,763,365,242 $857,912,458
1967 $30,487,524,878 $755,808,081
1966 $27,349,284,376 $669,191,919
1965 $26,014,244,162 $604,377,104
1964 $23,835,843,814 $544,023,569
1963 $21,573,443,452 $482,828,283
1962 $19,953,923,193 $448,400,673
1961 $19,713,123,154 $410,101,010
1960 $18,635,682,982 $377,020,202

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/bolivia | CC BY

GDP per capita in Australia vs Bolivia by year

Australia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Bolivia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Australia Bolivia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $64,604 $72,111 $4,421 $12,878
2023 $65,058 $72,273 $4,275 $12,892
2022 $65,170 $66,103 $4,219 $12,307
2021 $60,759 $58,327 $4,011 $11,202
2020 $51,983 $54,184 $3,581 $9,581
2019 $55,195 $52,886 $4,203 $11,005
2018 $57,410 $50,371 $4,207 $10,758
2017 $54,118 $48,565 $4,048 $10,420
2016 $50,084 $47,446 $3,036 $9,242
2015 $56,970 $46,465 $2,996 $8,757
2014 $62,817 $47,109 $3,041 $8,629
2013 $68,477 $46,123 $2,870 $8,069
2012 $68,301 $43,007 $2,576 $7,184
2011 $62,799 $42,153 $2,316 $6,598
2010 $52,314 $39,504 $1,930 $6,245
2009 $42,955 $40,434 $1,731 $6,024
2008 $49,811 $37,616 $1,693 $5,890
2007 $41,128 $36,708 $1,355 $5,537
2006 $36,659 $34,890 $1,203 $5,244
2005 $34,535 $33,090 $1,020 $4,938
2004 $30,886 $31,815 $953 $4,663
2003 $23,758 $30,167 $893 $4,433
2002 $20,335 $29,080 $888 $4,304
2001 $19,734 $27,688 $930 $4,205
2000 $21,909 $26,585 $976 $4,113
1999 $20,750 $25,531 $979 $3,991
1998 $21,516 $24,386 $1,022 $3,988
1997 $23,683 $23,142 $970 $3,822
1996 $22,056 $22,134 $922 $3,645
1995 $20,479 $21,050 $853 $3,494
1994 $18,156 $20,174 $774 $3,331
1993 $17,725 $19,220 $757 $3,177
1992 $18,650 $18,259 $760 $3,036
1991 $18,885 $17,839 $734 $2,981
1990 $18,274 $17,385 $683 $2,797
1989 $17,858 - $675 -
1988 $14,303 - $673 -
1987 $11,666 - $650 -
1986 $11,406 - $604 -
1985 $11,455 - $838 -
1984 $12,436 - $982 -
1983 $11,532 - $882 -
1982 $12,798 - $930 -
1981 $11,871 - $1,001 -
1980 $10,223 - $788 -
1979 $9,308 - $785 -
1978 $8,264 - $683 -
1977 $7,786 - $600 -
1976 $7,497 - $520 -
1975 $7,014 - $468 -
1974 $6,492 - $418 -
1973 $4,778 - $257.2 -
1972 $3,955 - $261.9 -
1971 $3,500 - $233.4 -
1970 $3,310 - $221.6 -
1969 $2,996 - $207.1 -
1968 $2,728 - $195.5 -
1967 $2,584 - $176.1 -
1966 $2,347 - $159.3 -
1965 $2,284 - $147.1 -
1964 $2,134 - $135.2 -
1963 $1,970 - $122.6 -
1962 $1,858 - $116.2 -
1961 $1,880 - $108.5 -
1960 $1,813 - $101.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/bolivia | CC BY

Australia's GDP per capita is $64,604, ranking 14/197, compared to $4,421 in Bolivia, ranking 125/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Australia ranks 22nd at $72,111, while Bolivia ranks 122nd at $12,878.

Economic indicators

Australia Bolivia
Gross domestic product
$1.76T
2024
$54.9B
2024
GDP rank
14/197
2024
88/197
2024
GDP growth
1.37%
2023-2024
-1.12%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$64,604
2024
$4,421
2024
GDP per capita rank
14/197
2024
125/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$72,111
2024
$12,878
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
22/197
2024
122/197
2024
Government debt
$891B
2024
$53.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
50.7%
2024
98%
2024
Government debt per person
$32,764
2024
$4,331
2024
Government debt per person rank
22/185
2024
88/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$49,463
2026
$4,720
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$1.74T
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
1,904,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
47
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2020
31.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2020
1.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
38.9%
2024
39.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.16%
2023-2024
5.1%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3.6%
2025
3.26%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.94%
2024
2.73%
2024
Population
27799169
12798112

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Australia
Spending

Debt
Bolivia
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Australia Bolivia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 38.9% 50.7% 39.8% 98%
2023 37.6% 49.6% 38.7% 90.8%
2022 37.6% 50.2% 36% 80.1%
2021 41.8% 55.5% 34.8% 81.4%
2020 44.4% 57.1% 36.8% 78%
2019 38.9% 46.7% 36.1% 58.6%
2018 36.9% 41.8% 37.7% 53.1%
2017 36.8% 41.2% 38.6% 51.3%
2016 37.3% 40.6% 40% 46.5%
2015 37.3% 37.7% 44.5% 40.9%
2014 36.7% 34% 41.2% 37.6%
2013 36.4% 30.5% 35.4% 36.1%
2012 36.5% 27.5% 36% 35.4%
2011 36.3% 24% 35.4% 35.3%
2010 37% 20.3% 31.5% 37.6%
2009 37.8% 16.6% 33.2% 39.2%
2008 35.1% 11.7% 35.3% 36.8%
2007 34.3% 9.67% 32.7% 40%
2006 34.5% 9.94% 29.8% 54.4%
2005 34.6% 10.9% 33.2% 82.2%
2004 34.8% 11.9% 32.3% 89.8%
2003 34.9% 13.2% 32% 95.6%
2002 34.9% 15% 33.3% 86.7%
2001 35.6% 17.1% 32% 83%
2000 35.2% 19.5% 29.3% 74.3%
1999 36.2% 22.5% 29.4% 61.7%
1998 34.6% 23.7% 30% 61.2%
1997 32.8% 25.9% 28.3% 64.6%
1996 33.5% 29.3% 26% 72.4%
1995 33.7% 31.1% 25.8% 81.7%
1994 33.7% 31.7% 26.8% 87.6%
1993 34.1% 30.7% 27.2% 83.8%
1992 34.1% 27.6% 25.3% 92.4%
1991 33.1% 21.6% 24.2% 92.8%
1990 30.5% 16.4% 22.8% 102.9%
1989 34.5% 17% 24.4% 98%
1988 34.6% 20.5% 24% 115.9%
1987 36% 25.2% 24.4% 145.3%
1986 38.4% 25.5% 22.2% 149%
1985 38.7% 24% 21.8% 205.2%
1984 38.4% 22.3% 29% 166.5%
1983 37% 21% 32.1% 157.3%
1982 36.7% 16.8% 25% 155.4%
1981 33.4% 19.1% 16.6% 121.7%
1980 33.2% 21.2% 19.8% 100%
1979 32.5% 22.8% 18% 92%
1978 33.2% 24.7% 17.3% 82.5%
1977 34.1% 23.6% 18.6% 82.4%
1976 33.3% 22.9% 16.8% 68.9%
1975 33% 23.6% 14.4% 56.2%
1974 30.9% 22.3% 14.2% 52.7%
1973 26.6% 27.3% 14.1% 80.9%
1972 27% 30.7% 11.8% 77.7%
1971 26.1% 32.2% 11.3% 65.7%
1970 25.3% 34.9% 10% 63.9%
1969 24.7% 36.7% 12.3% -
1968 25.3% 39.4% 14.1% -
1967 26.4% 40.5% 13.1% -
1966 25.6% 42.4% 12.9% -
1965 25.8% 43.7% 12.9% -
1964 23.5% 44.9% 10.8% -
1963 23% 47.5% 10.8% -
1962 22.7% 50.2% 10.2% -
1961 23.3% 49.3% 10.7% -
1960 21.8% 48.3% 10.1% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/bolivia | CC BY

In 2024, Australia's government spending was $684B, accounting for 38.9% of its GDP, while Bolivia spent $21.9B, or 39.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 50.7% in Australia and 98% in Bolivia, ranking 104/185 and 26/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Australia

Bolivia
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Australia Bolivia
2024 -2.25% -10.6%
2023 -1.27% -10.9%
2022 -2.21% -7.12%
2021 -6.37% -9.33%
2020 -8.73% -12.7%
2019 -4.41% -7.25%
2018 -1.26% -8.17%
2017 -1.72% -7.86%
2016 -2.42% -7.24%
2015 -2.79% -6.93%
2014 -2.92% -3.41%
2013 -2.81% 0.6%
2012 -3.51% 1.72%
2011 -4.53% 0.83%
2010 -5.12% 1.62%
2009 -4.56% 2.63%
2008 -1.1% 3.53%
2007 1.47% -1.54%
2006 1.77% 4.47%
2005 1.71% -2.24%
2004 1.32% -5.54%
2003 1.05% -7.88%
2002 0.19% -8.79%
2001 -0.03% -6.82%
2000 1.25% -3.73%
1999 0.67% -3.84%
1998 -0.25% -5.1%
1997 -0.49% -3.28%
1996 -1.46% -1.9%
1995 -2.6% -1.82%
1994 -3.79% -3%
1993 -4.73% -6.1%
1992 -4.74% -4.4%
1991 -2.79% -4.2%
1990 -0.23% -4.4%
1989 -1.29% -5.5%
1988 -0.77% -6.5%
1987 -1.66% -7.7%
1986 -3.5% -2.7%
1985 -5.24% -9.8%
1984 -5.48% -25.4%
1983 -5.66% -19.8%
1982 -5.19% -15.9%
1981 -3.25% -12.3%
1980 -2.87% -15.3%
1979 -2.32% -11.2%
1978 -4.19% -9.97%
1977 -4.39% -11.2%
1976 -3.44% -1.15%
1975 -3.47% -2.33%
1974 -2.46% -1.87%
1973 0.16% -3.72%
1972 -0.97% -3.69%
1971 -0.23% -3.67%
1970 -0.23% -1.92%
1969 0.53% -4.16%
1968 -0.7% -5.67%
1967 -1.65% -4.29%
1966 -1.77% -3.55%
1965 -1.46% -4.12%
1964 0.19% -2.68%
1963 -0.26% -3.02%
1962 -0.38% -2.8%
1961 -0.78% -2.81%
1960 0.47% -3.35%
1959 0.06% -4.32%
1958 -0.25% -2.95%
1957 -0.33% -1.11%
1956 1% -0.11%
1955 0.08% 0.33%
1954 -0.27% 0.006%
1953 -0.86% -0.48%
1952 -0.44% -0.94%
1951 1.85% -0.42%
1950 4.29% -1.17%
1949 0.72% -
1948 2% -
1947 -0.45% -
1946 -4.09% -
1945 -8.87% -
1944 -11.8% -
1943 -12.4% -
1942 -5.17% -
1941 -2.14% -
1940 0.51% -
1939 0.77% -
1938 0.24% -
1937 0.28% -
1936 0.17% -
1935 0.24% -
1934 0.28% -
1933 0.28% -
1932 0.02% -
1931 -0.8% -
1930 -1% -
1929 -0.53% -
1928 -0.69% -
1927 -0.5% -
1926 -0.31% -
1925 -0.26% -
1924 -0.5% -
1923 -0.33% -
1922 -0.94% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -2.43% -
1919 -4.8% -
1918 -4.36% -
1917 -4.99% -
1916 -3.47% -
1915 -1.11% -
1914 -0.29% -
1913 0% -
1912 0.12% -
1911 0.39% -
1910 0.39% -
1909 0.37% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.41% -
1906 0.23% -
1905 0.11% -
1904 -0.13% -
1903 -0.02% -
1902 0.16% -
1901 1.46% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1901–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/bolivia | CC BY

In 2024, Australia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $39.5B, equivalent to 2.25% of GDP. This compares to Bolivia's deficit of $5.83B, or 10.6% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Australia recorded a fiscal deficit in 53 of those years, while Bolivia ran a deficit in 58 years. On average, Australia posted an annual deficit equal to 2.03% of GDP, compared to deficit of 5.52% of GDP for Bolivia.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Australia

Bolivia
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Australia Bolivia
2024 3.16% 5.1%
2023 5.6% 2.58%
2022 6.59% 1.75%
2021 2.86% 0.74%
2020 0.85% 0.94%
2019 1.61% 1.84%
2018 1.91% 2.27%
2017 1.95% 2.82%
2016 1.28% 3.62%
2015 1.51% 4.06%
2014 2.49% 5.77%
2013 2.45% 5.74%
2012 1.76% 4.52%
2011 3.3% 9.88%
2010 2.92% 2.5%
2009 1.77% 3.35%
2008 4.35% 14%
2007 2.33% 8.71%
2006 3.56% 4.28%
2005 2.69% 5.39%
2004 2.34% 4.44%
2003 2.73% 3.34%
2002 2.98% 0.93%
2001 4.41% 1.59%
2000 4.46% 4.61%
1999 1.48% 2.16%
1998 0.86% 7.67%
1997 0.22% 4.71%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/bolivia | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Australia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.66%, compared with 4.26% in Bolivia. In 2024, inflation was 3.16% in Australia and 5.1% in Bolivia.

Top exports between countries

Australia
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $252K
Chemicals & pharma $82K
Weapons & explosives $66K
Raw agricultural goods $31K
Miscellaneous $28K
Textiles & consumer goods $24K
Wood & paper products $12K
Metals $8K
Precious metals & jewellery $3K
Raw materials & minerals $2K
Bolivia
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $178M
Raw agricultural goods $10.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $524K
Machinery & equipment $165K
Wood & paper products $56K
Metals $39K
Chemicals & pharma $32K
Textiles & consumer goods $6K
Precious metals & jewellery $4K
Miscellaneous $2K

Balance of trade

Australia Bolivia
Current account balance
-$34.8B
2024
-$1.41B
2024
Current account balance ranking
187/190
2024
132/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.98%
2024
-2.56%
2024
Goods imports
$297B
2024
$9.15B
2024
Goods exports
$341B
2024
$8.93B
2024
Service imports
$109B
2024
$2.35B
2024
Service exports
$84.1B
2024
$1.14B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.5%
2024
25.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
21.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Australia Bolivia
Economic freedom 80.1 42.4
Economic freedom ranking 5/197 184/197
Property rights 88.2 20.2
Government integrity 88.1 27.1
Judicial effectiveness 96.3 29.5
Tax burden 61.8 86.4
Government spending 56.6 56.3
Fiscal health 89 0.8
Business freedom 92.3 53.6
Labor freedom 61.5 52.2
Monetary freedom 77.2 67.1
Trade freedom 89.8 60.6
Investment freedom 80 15
Financial freedom 80 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Australia
Bolivia
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Australia Bolivia
2026 80.1 42.4
2025 79.3 44.1
2024 76.2 43.5
2023 74.8 43.4
2022 77.7 43
2021 82.4 42.7
2020 82.6 42.8
2019 80.9 42.3
2018 80.9 44.1
2017 81 47.7
2016 80.3 47.4
2015 81.4 46.8
2014 82 48.4
2013 82.6 47.9
2012 83.1 50.2
2011 82.5 50
2010 82.6 49.4
2009 82.6 53.6
2008 82.2 53.1
2007 81.1 54.2
2006 79.9 57.8
2005 79 58.4
2004 77.9 64.5
2003 77.4 64.3
2002 77.3 65.1
2001 77.4 68
2000 77.1 65
1999 76.4 65.6
1998 75.6 68.8
1997 75.5 65.1
1996 74 65.2
1995 74.1 56.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/bolivia | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Australia is 80.1, ranking 5/197, compared to 42.4 for Bolivia, ranking 184/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Australia Bolivia
Services, % of GDP
66.1%
2024
53.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.5%
2024
31.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.04%
2024
8.83%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.7T
2024
$51.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$69,600
2024
$12,620
2024
Total reserves including gold
$60.4B
2024
$1.98B
2024
Total reserves ranking
39/177
2024
127/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$39.2B
2024
-$113M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$53.4B
2024
$387M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.9B
2024
$133M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.41%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
36.5%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.3%
2024
17.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1901–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.