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Economy of Bolivia vs Honduras compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Bolivia has a GDP of $49.7B compared to $37.1B for Honduras, ranking 94/197 and 103/197 by economy size, respectively.

Bolivia has $47.2B in government debt (92.4% of GDP), compared to $15.8B (43% of GDP) in Honduras.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Bolivia
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Honduras
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Bolivia Honduras
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $373,250,000 $4,727,739,746 $335,650,000 $2,488,221,555
1961 $406,000,000 $4,826,516,221 $356,200,000 $2,534,394,470
1962 $443,916,667 $5,095,783,597 $387,750,000 $2,680,498,409
1963 $478,000,000 $5,442,175,895 $410,200,000 $2,776,471,958
1964 $538,583,333 $5,657,500,838 $457,000,000 $2,926,863,604
1965 $598,333,333 $5,935,478,858 $508,650,000 $3,191,368,848
1966 $662,500,000 $6,361,087,691 $549,950,000 $3,362,867,976
1967 $748,250,000 $6,762,931,565 $598,100,000 $3,563,884,850
1968 $849,333,333 $7,339,771,963 $646,800,000 $3,799,036,503
1969 $920,333,333 $7,668,160,505 $668,000,050 $3,823,936,864
1970 $1,006,833,333 $8,069,284,228 $723,000,000 $3,962,620,383
1971 $1,084,666,667 $8,477,859,237 $731,000,000 $4,120,927,211
1972 $1,286,153,846 $9,153,331,417 $802,996,337 $4,358,387,600
1973 $1,263,600,000 $9,678,655,892 $912,499,494 $4,701,386,276
1974 $2,101,300,000 $9,963,166,545 $1,034,500,000 $4,643,670,096
1975 $2,405,900,000 $10,691,575,418 $1,124,000,000 $4,742,611,928
1976 $2,733,350,000 $11,184,945,381 $1,347,999,950 $5,240,619,049
1977 $3,229,050,000 $11,740,973,137 $1,669,499,950 $5,784,799,119
1978 $3,760,100,000 $11,981,979,455 $3,097,242,093 $6,129,932,487
1979 $4,510,500,000 $11,997,956,711 $3,544,281,977 $6,473,817,206
1980 $4,450,360,000 $11,833,371,991 $3,968,160,046 $6,512,618,292
1981 $5,778,480,000 $11,865,986,702 $4,043,894,879 $6,433,031,815
1982 $5,600,390,625 $11,398,616,583 $4,266,503,526 $6,299,568,220
1983 $5,414,008,621 $10,937,870,663 $4,476,697,185 $6,356,623,024
1984 $6,169,304,528 $10,915,922,108 $4,915,311,847 $6,758,825,363
1985 $5,377,276,657 $10,732,928,705 $5,278,120,713 $7,139,092,751
1986 $3,959,383,520 $10,456,675,549 $5,677,828,959 $7,519,661,681
1987 $4,347,956,338 $10,714,274,143 $6,190,521,242 $8,018,843,592
1988 $4,597,611,710 $11,026,005,731 $5,902,717,091 $8,158,855,312
1989 $4,715,973,437 $11,443,905,788 $5,432,344,902 $8,381,416,559
1990 $4,867,582,598 $11,974,420,934 $4,923,009,552 $8,615,404,668
1991 $5,343,262,457 $12,605,057,006 $4,648,668,479 $8,329,432,815
1992 $5,643,868,749 $12,812,599,040 $4,943,700,431 $8,835,336,566
1993 $5,734,699,489 $13,359,606,833 $4,926,728,933 $9,409,255,133
1994 $5,981,222,859 $13,983,135,101 $4,642,280,682 $9,429,193,673
1995 $6,715,161,732 $14,637,304,838 $5,347,445,005 $10,012,795,187
1996 $7,396,949,126 $15,275,687,755 $5,215,028,986 $10,200,112,186
1997 $7,925,736,821 $16,032,477,213 $5,737,099,650 $10,669,121,817
1998 $8,497,494,652 $16,838,807,368 $6,366,340,266 $11,052,168,152
1999 $8,285,064,435 $16,910,689,782 $6,414,520,530 $10,970,862,758
2000 $8,397,855,485 $17,334,777,888 $7,186,638,029 $11,770,779,975
2001 $8,141,516,928 $17,626,660,727 $7,651,162,302 $12,091,321,063
2002 $7,905,485,146 $18,064,782,967 $7,858,255,413 $12,545,270,108
2003 $8,082,399,640 $18,554,580,624 $8,230,391,347 $13,115,708,313
2004 $8,773,451,752 $19,328,918,118 $8,869,299,234 $13,933,118,991
2005 $9,549,122,905 $20,183,533,307 $9,757,012,697 $14,776,156,180
2006 $11,451,844,902 $21,151,739,181 $10,917,477,066 $15,746,542,344
2007 $13,120,108,008 $22,117,185,837 $12,361,257,681 $16,720,989,902
2008 $16,674,276,286 $23,477,060,538 $13,881,731,876 $17,428,555,329
2009 $17,339,992,194 $24,265,185,360 $14,587,496,229 $17,004,757,718
2010 $19,649,723,722 $25,266,542,246 $15,839,344,592 $17,639,229,094
2011 $23,963,164,697 $26,581,436,462 $17,710,275,685 $18,315,815,357
2012 $27,084,497,482 $27,943,010,891 $18,528,554,398 $19,072,018,182
2013 $30,659,338,886 $29,842,021,104 $18,499,729,215 $19,604,424,966
2014 $32,996,188,017 $31,471,565,409 $19,756,533,972 $20,203,944,076
2015 $33,000,198,249 $33,000,198,249 $20,979,791,685 $20,979,791,685
2016 $33,941,126,194 $34,407,300,587 $21,717,604,952 $21,796,529,143
2017 $37,508,642,171 $35,850,757,841 $23,136,247,991 $22,852,116,285
2018 $40,287,647,931 $37,364,958,928 $24,067,750,760 $23,730,778,961
2019 $40,895,322,851 $38,193,230,080 $24,882,225,742 $24,338,200,129
2020 $36,629,843,806 $34,855,949,803 $23,352,232,484 $22,156,260,474
2021 $40,406,111,693 $36,986,126,803 $28,144,331,507 $24,940,257,610
2022 $44,008,282,880 $38,319,728,338 $31,426,041,807 $25,973,672,632
2023 $45,135,398,003 $39,500,729,034 $34,355,805,528 $26,902,451,582
2024 $49,668,296,744 $40,047,688,830 $37,093,565,854 $27,858,556,650

Economic indicators

Bolivia Honduras
Gross domestic product
$49.7B
2024
$37.1B
2024
GDP rank
94/197
2024
103/197
2024
GDP growth
10%
2023-2024
7.97%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$4,001
2024
$3,426
2024
GDP per capita rank
129/197
2024
136/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,190
2024
$7,486
2024
Government debt
$47.2B
2024
$15.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
92.4%
2025
43%
2025
Government debt per person
$3,803
2024
$1,460
2024
Government debt per person rank
92/185
2024
130/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,374
2025
$5,147
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.3%
2023
32.3%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
1.8%
2023
1.2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
35.6%
2025
26.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5.1%
2023-2024
4.61%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3.15%
2025
5.75%
2024
Unemployment rate
2.73%
2024
4.91%
2024
Population
12716350
11149564

GDP per capita in Bolivia vs Honduras

Bolivia's GDP per capita is $4,001, ranking 129/197, compared to $3,426 in Honduras, ranking 136/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Bolivia ranks 129th at $11,190, while Honduras ranks 145th at $7,486.

Bolivia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Honduras
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Bolivia Honduras
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $100.8 - $162.8 -
1961 $107.4 - $167.9 -
1962 $115.1 - $177.7 -
1963 $121.4 - $182.7 -
1964 $133.9 - $197.8 -
1965 $145.6 - $214 -
1966 $157.8 - $224.8 -
1967 $174.3 - $237.5 -
1968 $193.5 - $249.4 -
1969 $205.1 - $250.2 -
1970 $219.4 - $262.8 -
1971 $231.1 - $257.9 -
1972 $267.9 - $274.8 -
1973 $257.3 - $303 -
1974 $418 - $334 -
1975 $468 - $352 -
1976 $520 - $409 -
1977 $600 - $491 -
1978 $683 - $884 -
1979 $801 - $980 -
1980 $773 - $1,065 -
1981 $981 - $1,053 -
1982 $931 - $1,078 -
1983 $880 - $1,098 -
1984 $982 - $1,170 -
1985 $838 - $1,221 -
1986 $604 - $1,276 -
1987 $650 - $1,353 -
1988 $673 - $1,254 -
1989 $675 - $1,122 -
1990 $683 $2,284 $988 $2,040
1991 $734 $2,434 $907 $1,982
1992 $760 $2,480 $938 $2,090
1993 $757 $2,595 $908 $2,214
1994 $774 $2,721 $832 $2,203
1995 $853 $2,853 $932 $2,322
1996 $922 $2,977 $883 $2,341
1997 $970 $3,121 $945 $2,423
1998 $1,022 $3,257 $1,021 $2,472
1999 $979 $3,260 $1,002 $2,423
2000 $976 $3,359 $1,093 $2,587
2001 $930 $3,434 $1,132 $2,645
2002 $888 $3,515 $1,132 $2,715
2003 $893 $3,620 $1,156 $2,821
2004 $953 $3,808 $1,215 $3,001
2005 $1,020 $4,033 $1,305 $3,204
2006 $1,203 $4,283 $1,426 $3,438
2007 $1,355 $4,522 $1,578 $3,664
2008 $1,693 $4,810 $1,732 $3,806
2009 $1,731 $4,920 $1,781 $3,656
2010 $1,930 $5,101 $1,893 $3,758
2011 $2,316 $5,389 $2,074 $3,901
2012 $2,576 $5,867 $2,126 $4,016
2013 $2,870 $6,590 $2,081 $4,137
2014 $3,041 $7,047 $2,180 $4,460
2015 $2,996 $7,152 $2,271 $4,846
2016 $3,036 $7,548 $2,307 $5,186
2017 $3,306 $8,510 $2,413 $5,621
2018 $3,501 $8,953 $2,465 $5,633
2019 $3,504 $9,174 $2,502 $5,785
2020 $3,100 $8,294 $2,308 $5,385
2021 $3,385 $9,454 $2,735 $6,203
2022 $3,644 $10,372 $3,003 $6,805
2023 $3,686 $10,925 $3,227 $7,178
2024 $4,001 $11,190 $3,426 $7,486

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Bolivia's government spending was $19.2B, accounting for 35.6% of its GDP, while Honduras' spent $9.52B, or 26.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 92.4% in Bolivia and 43% in Honduras, ranking 30/185 and 125/185, respectively.

Bolivia
Government spending

Government debt
Honduras
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Bolivia Honduras
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 10.1% - 12.2% 8.97%
1961 10.7% - 11.2% 8.22%
1962 10.2% - 10.5% 8.54%
1963 10.8% - 10.1% 9.02%
1964 10.8% - 11.4% 9.78%
1965 12.9% - 10.6% 8.97%
1966 12.9% - 11.4% 9.47%
1967 13.1% - 11.4% 9.72%
1968 14.1% - 11.6% 9.75%
1969 12.3% - 13.6% 13%
1970 10% 63.9% 15.2% 17.2%
1971 11.3% 65.7% 15.2% 19.8%
1972 11.8% 77.7% 12.6% 16.8%
1973 14.1% 80.9% 11.1% 16.6%
1974 14.2% 52.7% 11.7% 18.5%
1975 14.4% 56.2% 11.9% 24%
1976 16.8% 68.9% 11.5% 26.5%
1977 18.6% 82.4% 14.6% 28.2%
1978 17.3% 82.5% 13.1% 32.8%
1979 18% 92% 14.4% 36.1%
1980 19.8% 100% 16.2% 41%
1981 16.6% 121.7% 15.3% 48.1%
1982 25% 155.4% 18.7% 54.3%
1983 32.1% 157.3% 20.8% 57.6%
1984 29% 166.5% 22.4% 60.5%
1985 21.8% 205.2% 22.5% 65.7%
1986 22.2% 149% 19.8% 69.9%
1987 24.4% 145.3% 17.2% 73.6%
1988 24% 115.9% 16% 71.7%
1989 24.4% 98% 10.2% 68.4%
1990 22.8% 102.9% 16.4% 200.3%
1991 24.2% 92.8% 18.8% 122.2%
1992 25.3% 92.4% 20.5% 116.5%
1993 27.2% 83.8% 23.7% 108%
1994 26.8% 87.6% 19.2% 86.4%
1995 25.8% 81.7% 17.2% 65.4%
1996 26% 72.4% 18.7% 64.6%
1997 28.3% 64.6% 19.4% 70.8%
1998 30% 61.2% 19.4% 67.4%
1999 29.4% 61.7% 23.3% 75.8%
2000 29.3% 74.3% 22.1% 65.8%
2001 32% 83% 25.1% 63.4%
2002 33.3% 86.7% 26.8% 64.2%
2003 32% 95.6% 26.4% 67.8%
2004 32.3% 89.8% 25.5% 60.9%
2005 33.2% 82.2% 23.6% 55.6%
2006 29.8% 54.4% 24.4% 39.2%
2007 32.7% 40% 24.4% 24%
2008 35.3% 36.8% 26.4% 22.3%
2009 33.2% 39.2% 28.4% 23.8%
2010 31.5% 37.6% 26.5% 21.8%
2011 35.4% 35.3% 25.9% 24.8%
2012 36% 35.4% 26.4% 27.1%
2013 35.4% 36.1% 29.6% 37.3%
2014 41.2% 37.6% 27.6% 35.2%
2015 44.5% 40.9% 26% 38.5%
2016 40% 46.5% 27.4% 39.6%
2017 38.6% 51.3% 26.9% 41.5%
2018 37.7% 53.1% 26.2% 42.6%
2019 36.1% 58.6% 25.9% 43.5%
2020 36.8% 78% 28.4% 53.7%
2021 34.8% 81.4% 28.8% 51%
2022 36% 80.1% 24% 48.7%
2023 38.7% 90.8% 26.1% 44.9%
2024 38.7% 95% 25.7% 42.6%
2025 35.6% 92.4% 26.7% 43%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Bolivia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$5.12B, equivalent to -10.3% of GDP. This compares to Honduras' deficit of -$299M, or -0.81% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Bolivia recorded a fiscal deficit in 58 of those years, while Honduras ran a deficit in 55 years. On average, Bolivia posted an annual deficit equal to -5.51% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2% of GDP for Honduras.

Deficit/surplus
Bolivia

Honduras
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bolivia Honduras
1927 - 0.37%
1928 - 0.72%
1929 - -0.38%
1930 - -1.15%
1931 - -0.94%
1932 - -2.13%
1933 - 2.06%
1934 - 0.06%
1935 - 0%
1936 - -0.76%
1937 - -1.37%
1938 - -0.74%
1939 - -0.52%
1940 - -0.43%
1941 - -0.26%
1942 - 0%
1943 - -0.48%
1944 - -0.82%
1945 - 0%
1946 - 0.32%
1947 - -0.83%
1948 - 0.52%
1949 - -1.92%
1950 -1.17% -0.44%
1951 -0.42% -1.04%
1952 -0.94% -3.21%
1953 -0.48% -2.96%
1954 0.006% -2.91%
1955 0.33% -0.42%
1956 -0.11% -1.81%
1957 -1.11% -1.01%
1958 -2.95% -1.16%
1959 -4.32% -1.31%
1960 -3.35% -1.22%
1961 -2.81% -1.05%
1962 -2.8% -0.71%
1963 -3.02% -0.39%
1964 -2.68% -1.77%
1965 -4.12% 0.19%
1966 -3.55% -0.45%
1967 -4.29% -0.73%
1968 -5.67% -0.38%
1969 -4.16% -2.16%
1970 -1.92% -3.24%
1971 -3.67% -3.51%
1972 -3.69% -2.37%
1973 -3.72% -0.71%
1974 -1.87% -0.27%
1975 -2.33% -1.78%
1976 -1.15% -0.93%
1977 -11.2% -2.55%
1978 -9.97% -0.68%
1979 -11.2% -1.55%
1980 -15.3% -2.52%
1981 -12.3% -2.5%
1982 -15.9% -6.17%
1983 -19.8% -9.1%
1984 -25.4% -9.33%
1985 -9.8% -8.58%
1986 -2.7% -5.92%
1987 -7.7% -3.23%
1988 -6.5% -2.65%
1989 -5.5% 2.08%
1990 -4.4% -1.82%
1991 -4.2% -1.95%
1992 -4.4% -1.41%
1993 -6.1% -5.03%
1994 -3% -0.98%
1995 -1.82% -0.24%
1996 -1.9% 0.13%
1997 -3.28% 0.08%
1998 -5.1% 2.89%
1999 -3.84% 1.38%
2000 -3.73% 1.51%
2001 -6.82% -3.12%
2002 -8.79% -5.02%
2003 -7.88% -5.09%
2004 -5.54% -2.48%
2005 -2.24% -0.03%
2006 4.47% -1.36%
2007 -1.54% -0.25%
2008 3.53% -0.27%
2009 2.63% -4.86%
2010 1.62% -3.37%
2011 0.83% -2.94%
2012 1.72% -3.48%
2013 0.6% -5.73%
2014 -3.41% -2.9%
2015 -6.93% -0.78%
2016 -7.24% -0.4%
2017 -7.86% -0.41%
2018 -8.17% 0.2%
2019 -7.25% 0.09%
2020 -12.7% -4.58%
2021 -9.33% -3.18%
2022 -7.12% 1.66%
2023 -10.9% -1.01%
2024 -10.3% -0.81%
2025 -10.7% -1.46%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Bolivia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.54%, compared with 7.81% in Honduras. In 2024, inflation was 5.1% in Bolivia and 4.61% in Honduras.

Inflation
Bolivia

Honduras
Year Inflation
Bolivia Honduras Bolivia Honduras
1996 12.4% 23.8%
1997 4.71% 20.2%
1998 7.67% 13.7%
1999 2.16% 11.7%
2000 4.61% 11%
2001 1.59% 9.67%
2002 0.93% 7.69%
2003 3.34% 7.67%
2004 4.44% 8.11%
2005 5.39% 8.81%
2006 4.28% 5.58%
2007 8.71% 6.94%
2008 14% 11.4%
2009 3.35% 5.5%
2010 2.5% 4.7%
2011 9.88% 6.76%
2012 4.52% 5.2%
2013 5.74% 5.16%
2014 5.77% 6.13%
2015 4.06% 3.16%
2016 3.62% 2.72%
2017 2.82% 3.93%
2018 2.27% 4.35%
2019 1.84% 4.37%
2020 0.94% 3.47%
2021 0.74% 4.48%
2022 1.75% 9.09%
2023 2.58% 6.66%
2024 5.1% 4.61%

Top exports between countries

Bolivia
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $193K
Machinery & equipment $74K
Chemicals & pharma $60K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $29K
Metals $12K
Miscellaneous $1K
Honduras
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $95K
Metals $77K
Wood & paper products $14K
Raw materials & minerals $9K
Chemicals & pharma $6K
Textiles & consumer goods $4K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1K

Balance of trade

Bolivia Honduras
Current account balance
-$1.44B
2024
-$1.71B
2024
Current account balance ranking
131/189
2024
137/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.89%
2024
-4.61%
2024
Goods imports
$9.15B
2024
$14.6B
2024
Goods exports
$8.93B
2024
$5.67B
2024
Service imports
$2.35B
2024
$3.66B
2024
Service exports
$1.14B
2024
$3.68B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.9%
2023
57.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.5%
2023
33.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bolivia Honduras
Economic freedom 44.1 59.6
Economic freedom ranking 180/197 100/197
Property rights 19.9 38.1
Government integrity 27.3 25.1
Judicial effectiveness 29.4 27.1
Tax burden 88.8 84.5
Government spending 61.8 79.2
Fiscal health 4.4 94.8
Business freedom 54.8 65
Labor freedom 56.5 38.8
Monetary freedom 70.6 68.2
Trade freedom 60.6 69.4
Investment freedom 15 65
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Bolivia is 44.1, ranking 180/197, compared to 59.6 for Honduras, ranking 100/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Bolivia
Honduras
Year Economic freedom index
Bolivia Honduras
1995 56.8 57
1996 65.2 56.6
1997 65.1 56
1998 68.8 56.2
1999 65.6 56.7
2000 65 57.6
2001 68 57
2002 65.1 58.7
2003 64.3 60.4
2004 64.5 55.3
2005 58.4 55.3
2006 57.8 57.4
2007 54.2 59.1
2008 53.1 58.9
2009 53.6 58.7
2010 49.4 58.3
2011 50 58.6
2012 50.2 58.8
2013 47.9 58.4
2014 48.4 57.1
2015 46.8 57.4
2016 47.4 57.7
2017 47.7 58.8
2018 44.1 60.6
2019 42.3 60.2
2020 42.8 61.1
2021 42.7 59.8
2022 43 59.5
2023 43.4 58.7
2024 43.5 58.6
2025 44.1 59.6

More economic indicators

Bolivia Honduras
Services, % of GDP
51.1%
2023
58.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.2%
2023
26.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
13.5%
2023
11.2%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$45.8B
2024
$32.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$10,880
2024
$6,900
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.98B
2024
$8.04B
2024
Total reserves ranking
127/177
2024
84/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$152M
2024
-$620M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$385M
2024
$1.31B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$233M
2024
$689M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.9%
2023
5.49%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.5%
2023
62.9%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.6%
2023
22.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.