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Economy of Belgium vs Bolivia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belgium has a GDP of $671B compared to $54.9B for Bolivia, ranking 23/197 and 88/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belgium has $703B in government debt (104.7% of GDP), compared to $53.8B (98% of GDP) in Bolivia.

Belgium vs Bolivia GDP by year

Belgium
Bolivia
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belgium Bolivia
2024 $671,370,081,636 $54,881,327,453
2023 $651,330,595,110 $52,340,206,946
2022 $591,085,783,326 $50,959,081,954
2021 $598,522,422,242 $47,877,892,402
2020 $529,694,473,502 $42,313,784,081
2019 $536,726,344,405 $49,056,643,589
2018 $542,638,913,428 $48,414,038,842
2017 $500,908,767,352 $45,927,439,595
2016 $474,271,566,740 $33,941,126,194
2015 $461,044,767,545 $33,000,198,249
2014 $537,987,419,164 $32,996,188,017
2013 $524,097,026,599 $30,659,338,886
2012 $498,414,364,945 $27,084,497,482
2011 $527,196,649,049 $23,963,164,697
2010 $481,556,503,720 $19,649,723,722
2009 $485,014,525,992 $17,339,992,194
2008 $517,328,087,920 $16,674,276,286
2007 $470,922,156,309 $13,120,108,008
2006 $408,259,840,869 $11,451,844,902
2005 $385,714,762,230 $9,549,122,905
2004 $369,214,712,443 $8,773,451,752
2003 $318,082,528,507 $8,082,399,640
2002 $258,383,599,375 $7,905,485,146
2001 $236,746,141,604 $8,141,516,928
2000 $236,792,460,312 $8,397,855,485
1999 $258,245,733,221 $8,285,064,435
1998 $258,528,339,631 $8,497,494,652
1997 $252,708,051,421 $7,925,736,821
1996 $279,201,433,225 $7,396,949,126
1995 $288,025,588,396 $6,715,161,732
1994 $244,884,129,491 $5,981,222,859
1993 $224,721,795,709 $5,734,699,489
1992 $234,781,652,447 $5,643,868,749
1991 $210,510,999,409 $5,343,262,457
1990 $205,331,747,948 $4,867,582,598
1989 $164,221,056,511 $4,715,973,437
1988 $162,299,103,675 $4,597,612,362
1987 $149,394,404,106 $4,347,956,338
1986 $120,018,787,249 $3,959,382,833
1985 $86,268,264,148 $5,377,276,555
1984 $83,349,530,159 $6,169,483,225
1983 $87,184,239,053 $5,422,656,823
1982 $92,095,926,188 $5,594,126,369
1981 $104,730,018,470 $5,891,598,695
1980 $126,829,314,388 $4,537,479,608
1979 $116,315,456,797 $4,421,336,383
1978 $101,246,526,194 $3,758,220,890
1977 $82,839,905,459 $3,227,436,282
1976 $71,113,882,968 $2,731,984,008
1975 $65,678,189,097 $2,404,697,651
1974 $56,033,077,879 $2,100,249,875
1973 $47,743,801,490 $1,262,968,516
1972 $37,209,418,019 $1,257,615,645
1971 $29,821,661,870 $1,095,622,896
1970 $26,706,196,047 $1,017,003,367
1969 $24,019,653,475 $929,629,630
1968 $21,654,856,965 $857,912,458
1967 $20,252,508,995 $755,808,081
1966 $18,894,891,312 $669,191,919
1965 $17,597,783,297 $604,377,104
1964 $16,168,044,450 $544,023,569
1963 $14,445,805,381 $482,828,283
1962 $13,436,827,167 $448,400,673
1961 $12,561,701,694 $410,101,010
1960 $11,810,619,368 $377,020,202

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/bolivia | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belgium vs Bolivia by year

Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Bolivia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belgium Bolivia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $56,615 $73,514 $4,421 $12,878
2023 $55,291 $71,946 $4,275 $12,892
2022 $50,606 $69,128 $4,219 $12,307
2021 $51,658 $60,669 $4,011 $11,202
2020 $45,906 $56,120 $3,581 $9,581
2019 $46,717 $56,712 $4,203 $11,005
2018 $47,487 $52,467 $4,207 $10,758
2017 $44,035 $50,256 $4,048 $10,420
2016 $41,855 $48,415 $3,036 $9,242
2015 $40,894 $46,072 $2,996 $8,757
2014 $47,996 $45,148 $3,041 $8,629
2013 $46,965 $43,864 $2,870 $8,069
2012 $44,874 $42,484 $2,576 $7,184
2011 $47,761 $41,245 $2,316 $6,598
2010 $44,197 $39,840 $1,930 $6,245
2009 $44,923 $37,906 $1,731 $6,024
2008 $48,303 $37,883 $1,693 $5,890
2007 $44,319 $36,798 $1,355 $5,537
2006 $38,705 $35,251 $1,203 $5,244
2005 $36,810 $33,178 $1,020 $4,938
2004 $35,429 $32,060 $953 $4,663
2003 $30,655 $30,931 $893 $4,433
2002 $25,006 $30,282 $888 $4,304
2001 $23,015 $28,794 $930 $4,205
2000 $23,099 $27,794 $976 $4,113
1999 $25,253 $25,441 $979 $3,991
1998 $25,338 $24,370 $1,022 $3,988
1997 $24,821 $23,733 $970 $3,822
1996 $27,490 $22,745 $922 $3,645
1995 $28,414 $22,446 $853 $3,494
1994 $24,209 $21,518 $774 $3,331
1993 $22,284 $20,473 $757 $3,177
1992 $23,373 $20,272 $760 $3,036
1991 $21,042 $19,601 $734 $2,981
1990 $20,600 $18,688 $683 $2,797
1989 $16,525 - $675 -
1988 $16,391 - $673 -
1987 $15,136 - $650 -
1986 $12,170 - $604 -
1985 $8,751 - $838 -
1984 $8,457 - $982 -
1983 $8,846 - $882 -
1982 $9,344 - $930 -
1981 $10,623 - $1,001 -
1980 $12,864 - $788 -
1979 $11,811 - $785 -
1978 $10,290 - $683 -
1977 $8,427 - $600 -
1976 $7,243 - $520 -
1975 $6,701 - $468 -
1974 $5,734 - $418 -
1973 $4,901 - $257.2 -
1972 $3,832 - $261.9 -
1971 $3,083 - $233.4 -
1970 $2,766 - $221.6 -
1969 $2,490 - $207.1 -
1968 $2,251 - $195.5 -
1967 $2,114 - $176.1 -
1966 $1,983 - $159.3 -
1965 $1,860 - $147.1 -
1964 $1,724 - $135.2 -
1963 $1,555 - $122.6 -
1962 $1,457 - $116.2 -
1961 $1,368 - $108.5 -
1960 $1,290 - $101.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/bolivia | CC BY

Belgium's GDP per capita is $56,615, ranking 18/197, compared to $4,421 in Bolivia, ranking 125/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514, while Bolivia ranks 122nd at $12,878.

Economic indicators

Belgium Bolivia
Gross domestic product
$671B
2024
$54.9B
2024
GDP rank
23/197
2024
88/197
2024
GDP growth
1.07%
2023-2024
-1.12%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,615
2024
$4,421
2024
GDP per capita rank
18/197
2024
125/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,514
2024
$12,878
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
21/197
2024
122/197
2024
Government debt
$703B
2024
$53.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
104.7%
2024
98%
2024
Government debt per person
$59,278
2024
$4,331
2024
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2024
88/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,259
2026
$4,720
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$321B
2018
n/a
Number of millionaires
549,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.2%
2023
31.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
1.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
54.5%
2024
39.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.14%
2023-2024
5.1%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.26%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.7%
2024
2.73%
2024
Population
11902714
12798112

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belgium
Spending

Debt
Bolivia
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belgium Bolivia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 54.5% 104.7% 39.8% 98%
2023 53.3% 103.2% 38.7% 90.8%
2022 52.3% 102.7% 36% 80.1%
2021 54.9% 108.5% 34.8% 81.4%
2020 58.5% 111.2% 36.8% 78%
2019 51.8% 97.6% 36.1% 58.6%
2018 52.5% 100.1% 37.7% 53.1%
2017 52.3% 102.5% 38.6% 51.3%
2016 53.4% 105.5% 40% 46.5%
2015 53.9% 105.6% 44.5% 40.9%
2014 55.4% 106.6% 41.2% 37.6%
2013 55.9% 105% 35.4% 36.1%
2012 56.2% 104.3% 36% 35.4%
2011 55% 102.7% 35.4% 35.3%
2010 53.9% 100.2% 31.5% 37.6%
2009 54.5% 99.9% 33.2% 39.2%
2008 50.8% 93.2% 35.3% 36.8%
2007 48.6% 87.3% 32.7% 40%
2006 48.8% 91.5% 29.8% 54.4%
2005 51.9% 95.1% 33.2% 82.2%
2004 49.3% 97.2% 32.3% 89.8%
2003 51% 101.7% 32% 95.6%
2002 49.9% 105.4% 33.3% 86.7%
2001 49.4% 108.2% 32% 83%
2000 49.4% 109.6% 29.3% 74.3%
1999 50.5% 115.4% 29.4% 61.7%
1998 51% 119.2% 30% 61.2%
1997 51.6% 124.3% 28.3% 64.6%
1996 53.1% 129% 26% 72.4%
1995 52.6% 131.3% 25.8% 81.7%
1994 54.7% 137.1% 26.8% 87.6%
1993 57.1% 138.9% 27.2% 83.8%
1992 55.9% 134.7% 25.3% 92.4%
1991 55.6% 131.8% 24.2% 92.8%
1990 54.4% 130.3% 22.8% 102.9%
1989 52.3% 126.4% 24.4% 98%
1988 53.9% 129.7% 24% 115.9%
1987 55.8% 129.2% 24.4% 145.3%
1986 57.6% 124.7% 22.2% 149%
1985 58.4% 119.4% 21.8% 205.2%
1984 59.1% 114.6% 29% 166.5%
1983 62.2% 110.3% 32.1% 157.3%
1982 59.6% 99.6% 25% 155.4%
1981 61.5% 89.7% 16.6% 121.7%
1980 54.9% 76.8% 19.8% 100%
1979 54.8% 69.2% 18% 92%
1978 52.8% 65.2% 17.3% 82.5%
1977 52.2% 61.6% 18.6% 82.4%
1976 50.4% 61.4% 16.8% 68.9%
1975 50.2% 59.5% 14.4% 56.2%
1974 44.5% 61.7% 14.2% 52.7%
1973 45% 63.7% 14.1% 80.9%
1972 45% 64.9% 11.8% 77.7%
1971 43.9% 63.5% 11.3% 65.7%
1970 42.7% 66.6% 10% 63.9%
1969 26.5% 51.6% 12.3% -
1968 26.7% 54.5% 14.1% -
1967 25.5% 54.1% 13.1% -
1966 25.1% 55.6% 12.9% -
1965 23.4% 57.6% 12.9% -
1964 22.5% 59.4% 10.8% -
1963 23.1% 64.1% 10.8% -
1962 22.5% 65.3% 10.2% -
1961 22.1% 67.8% 10.7% -
1960 23.7% 69.4% 10.1% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/bolivia | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government spending was $366B, accounting for 54.5% of its GDP, while Bolivia spent $21.9B, or 39.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 104.7% in Belgium and 98% in Bolivia, ranking 19/185 and 26/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belgium

Bolivia
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belgium Bolivia
2024 -4.52% -10.6%
2023 -4.1% -10.9%
2022 -3.62% -7.12%
2021 -5.4% -9.33%
2020 -9.03% -12.7%
2019 -2.05% -7.25%
2018 -1.05% -8.17%
2017 -0.76% -7.86%
2016 -2.43% -7.24%
2015 -2.48% -6.93%
2014 -3.18% -3.41%
2013 -3.16% 0.6%
2012 -4.35% 1.72%
2011 -4.44% 0.83%
2010 -4.13% 1.62%
2009 -5.45% 2.63%
2008 -1.1% 3.53%
2007 0.07% -1.54%
2006 0.24% 4.47%
2005 -2.72% -2.24%
2004 -0.24% -5.54%
2003 -1.86% -7.88%
2002 -0.04% -8.79%
2001 0.23% -6.82%
2000 -0.08% -3.73%
1999 -0.65% -3.84%
1998 -1.03% -5.1%
1997 -2.15% -3.28%
1996 -4% -1.9%
1995 -4.51% -1.82%
1994 -5.29% -3%
1993 -7.71% -6.1%
1992 -8.42% -4.4%
1991 -7.67% -4.2%
1990 -6.99% -4.4%
1989 -7.58% -5.5%
1988 -7.28% -6.5%
1987 -7.89% -7.7%
1986 -9.96% -2.7%
1985 -10.1% -9.8%
1984 -10.8% -25.4%
1983 -14.5% -19.8%
1982 -12.3% -15.9%
1981 -15.5% -12.3%
1980 -9.43% -15.3%
1979 -8.33% -11.2%
1978 -6.51% -9.97%
1977 -6.51% -11.2%
1976 -6.61% -1.15%
1975 -6.45% -2.33%
1974 -3.87% -1.87%
1973 -5.02% -3.72%
1972 -6.07% -3.69%
1971 -4.45% -3.67%
1970 -3.51% -1.92%
1969 -3.34% -4.16%
1968 -3.69% -5.67%
1967 -2.76% -4.29%
1966 -3.08% -3.55%
1965 -2.9% -4.12%
1964 -2.27% -2.68%
1963 -2.8% -3.02%
1962 -2.12% -2.8%
1961 -2.34% -2.81%
1960 -4.89% -3.35%
1959 -5.21% -4.32%
1958 -4.33% -2.95%
1957 -1.27% -1.11%
1956 1.85% -0.11%
1955 -1.05% 0.33%
1954 2.34% 0.006%
1953 0.14% -0.48%
1952 -0.26% -0.94%
1951 0.59% -0.42%
1950 -2.01% -1.17%
1949 -2.05% -
1948 -2.29% -
1947 -14.5% -
1946 1.87% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 -5.81% -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -6.86% -
1938 -5.17% -
1937 -4.71% -
1936 -4.92% -
1935 -5.94% -
1934 -2.78% -
1933 -1.69% -
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 -2.48% -
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 3.06% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 -5.53% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -1.4% -
1912 -1.39% -
1911 -0.92% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 0.13% -
1908 -0.95% -
1907 -0.81% -
1906 -1.35% -
1905 1.23% -
1904 0.004% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 0.22% -
1901 0.55% -
1900 -0.54% -
1899 -1.64% -
1898 -0.28% -
1897 -0.25% -
1896 0.94% -
1895 -0.33% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 0.07% -
1892 0.17% -
1891 -0.005% -
1890 -0.83% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 -0.21% -
1887 -0.12% -
1886 0.54% -
1885 -0.43% -
1884 -0.26% -
1883 -0.54% -
1882 -0.3% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 0.12% -
1879 -1.51% -
1878 -1.78% -
1877 -2.52% -
1876 -0.77% -
1875 -0.88% -
1874 -1.02% -
1873 -2.08% -
1872 -0.7% -
1871 -0.64% -
1870 -0.58% -
1869 -0.35% -
1868 -0.39% -
1867 -0.49% -
1866 -0.87% -
1865 -0.55% -
1864 -0.62% -
1863 -0.72% -
1862 -0.49% -
1861 -0.22% -
1860 -0.13% -
1859 0.1% -
1858 0.35% -
1857 0% -
1856 -0.26% -
1855 -0.28% -
1854 -0.4% -
1853 -0.3% -
1852 -0.44% -
1851 -0.05% -
1850 -0.11% -
1849 0.11% -
1848 -1.41% -
1847 -0.69% -
1846 -0.52% -
1845 -1.17% -
1844 -4.92% -
1843 -0.86% -
1842 -0.89% -
1841 -0.75% -
1840 0.16% -
1839 -0.43% -
1838 0.23% -
1837 -0.11% -
1836 0.18% -
1835 0.27% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/bolivia | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $30.3B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Bolivia's deficit of $5.83B, or 10.6% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Belgium recorded a fiscal deficit in 62 of those years, while Bolivia ran a deficit in 58 years. On average, Belgium posted an annual deficit equal to 4.72% of GDP, compared to deficit of 5.52% of GDP for Bolivia.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belgium

Bolivia
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belgium Bolivia
2024 3.14% 5.1%
2023 4.05% 2.58%
2022 9.6% 1.75%
2021 2.44% 0.74%
2020 0.74% 0.94%
2019 1.44% 1.84%
2018 2.05% 2.27%
2017 2.13% 2.82%
2016 1.97% 3.62%
2015 0.56% 4.06%
2014 0.34% 5.77%
2013 1.11% 5.74%
2012 2.84% 4.52%
2011 3.53% 9.88%
2010 2.19% 2.5%
2009 -0.05% 3.35%
2008 4.49% 14%
2007 1.82% 8.71%
2006 1.79% 4.28%
2005 2.78% 5.39%
2004 2.1% 4.44%
2003 1.59% 3.34%
2002 1.65% 0.93%
2001 2.47% 1.59%
2000 2.54% 4.61%
1999 1.12% 2.16%
1998 0.95% 7.67%
1997 1.63% 4.71%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/bolivia | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Belgium has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.25%, compared with 4.26% in Bolivia. In 2024, inflation was 3.14% in Belgium and 5.1% in Bolivia.

Top exports between countries

Belgium
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $19M
Chemicals & pharma $18.4M
Miscellaneous $3.75M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.1M
Raw materials & minerals $903K
Textiles & consumer goods $603K
Metals $268K
Raw agricultural goods $253K
Wood & paper products $176K
Precious metals & jewellery $4K
Bolivia
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $332M
Metals $39.2M
Raw agricultural goods $5.32M
Wood & paper products $2.45M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $619K
Chemicals & pharma $162K
Animal & marine products $29K
Miscellaneous $24K
Textiles & consumer goods $20K
Machinery & equipment $10K

Balance of trade

Belgium Bolivia
Current account balance
-$2.54B
2024
-$1.41B
2024
Current account balance ranking
151/190
2024
132/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.38%
2024
-2.56%
2024
Goods imports
$370B
2024
$9.15B
2024
Goods exports
$382B
2024
$8.93B
2024
Service imports
$164B
2024
$2.35B
2024
Service exports
$150B
2024
$1.14B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.7%
2024
25.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.3%
2024
21.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belgium Bolivia
Economic freedom 69.2 42.4
Economic freedom ranking 42/197 184/197
Property rights 91.1 20.2
Government integrity 78.2 27.1
Judicial effectiveness 91.6 29.5
Tax burden 50.6 86.4
Government spending 14.6 56.3
Fiscal health 53.4 0.8
Business freedom 82.5 53.6
Labor freedom 57.5 52.2
Monetary freedom 76.8 67.1
Trade freedom 79.4 60.6
Investment freedom 85 15
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belgium
Bolivia
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belgium Bolivia
2026 69.2 42.4
2025 69 44.1
2024 65.6 43.5
2023 67.1 43.4
2022 69.6 43
2021 70.1 42.7
2020 68.9 42.8
2019 67.3 42.3
2018 67.5 44.1
2017 67.8 47.7
2016 68.4 47.4
2015 68.8 46.8
2014 69.9 48.4
2013 69.2 47.9
2012 69 50.2
2011 70.2 50
2010 70.1 49.4
2009 72.1 53.6
2008 71.7 53.1
2007 72.5 54.2
2006 71.8 57.8
2005 69 58.4
2004 68.7 64.5
2003 68.1 64.3
2002 67.6 65.1
2001 63.8 68
2000 63.5 65
1999 62.9 65.6
1998 64.7 68.8
1997 64.6 65.1
1996 66 65.2
1995 - 56.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/bolivia | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belgium is 69.2, ranking 42/197, compared to 42.4 for Bolivia, ranking 184/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belgium Bolivia
Services, % of GDP
71%
2024
53.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
18.7%
2024
31.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.79%
2024
8.83%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$656B
2024
$51.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,770
2024
$12,620
2024
Total reserves including gold
$41.4B
2024
$1.98B
2024
Total reserves ranking
49/177
2024
127/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$46.1B
2024
-$113M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$41.4B
2024
$387M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.71B
2024
$133M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.41%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.3%
2022
36.5%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.5%
2024
17.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/bolivia | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.