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Economy of Ecuador vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Ecuador has a GDP of $125B compared to $3.69T for the United Kingdom, ranking 62/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Ecuador has $67B in government debt (53.8% of GDP), compared to $3.73T (101.2% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Ecuador vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Ecuador
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Ecuador United Kingdom
2024 $124,676,074,700 $3,686,033,044,482
2023 $121,147,057,000 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $116,133,121,000 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $107,179,074,000 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $95,865,473,000 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $107,595,830,000 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $107,478,961,000 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $104,467,486,000 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $97,671,433,000 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $97,209,558,000 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $102,717,794,000 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $96,570,334,000 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $87,735,048,000 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $78,986,648,000 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $68,151,329,000 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $60,094,978,000 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $61,139,438,000 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $49,848,725,000 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $45,690,762,000 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $40,278,849,000 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $35,194,947,000 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $30,965,208,000 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $27,054,197,000 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $23,127,055,000 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $17,539,454,727 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $19,645,272,636 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $27,981,896,948 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $28,162,053,027 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $25,226,393,197 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $24,432,884,442 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $22,708,673,337 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $18,938,717,359 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $18,094,238,119 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $16,988,535,268 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $15,239,272,612 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $13,890,823,705 $926,884,816,754
1988 $13,051,881,851 $910,122,732,124
1987 $13,945,426,859 $745,162,608,269
1986 $15,314,138,472 $601,452,653,181
1985 $17,149,088,413 $489,285,164,271
1984 $16,912,509,092 $461,487,097,632
1983 $17,152,477,037 $489,618,008,186
1982 $19,929,846,396 $515,048,916,841
1981 $21,810,759,354 $540,765,675,241
1980 $17,881,508,242 $564,947,710,899
1979 $14,175,160,902 $438,994,070,309
1978 $11,922,497,876 $335,883,029,722
1977 $11,026,342,618 $263,066,457,352
1976 $9,091,921,030 $232,614,555,256
1975 $7,731,674,472 $241,756,637,168
1974 $6,599,257,044 $206,131,369,799
1973 $3,891,754,150 $192,537,971,583
1972 $3,185,986,087 $169,965,034,965
1971 $2,754,219,271 $148,113,896,325
1970 $2,862,503,139 $130,671,946,244
1969 $3,112,165,727 $116,464,702,803
1968 $2,582,179,864 $107,759,910,068
1967 $2,553,595,172 $113,116,888,211
1966 $2,429,308,639 $108,572,752,102
1965 $2,387,047,396 $101,824,755,079
1964 $2,244,146,103 $94,407,558,351
1963 $1,824,343,871 $86,561,961,812
1962 $1,518,207,703 $81,247,564,157
1961 $1,753,850,955 $77,741,965,703
1960 $2,069,464,937 $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Ecuador vs United Kingdom by year

Ecuador
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Ecuador United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $6,875 $15,840 $53,246 $62,009
2023 $6,738 $15,919 $49,944 $59,911
2022 $6,516 $15,198 $47,057 $59,022
2021 $6,061 $13,507 $47,691 $51,004
2020 $5,464 $11,527 $40,813 $48,230
2019 $6,205 $12,543 $43,159 $50,065
2018 $6,304 $12,187 $43,703 $47,212
2017 $6,233 $11,793 $40,917 $46,113
2016 $5,918 $10,881 $41,258 $44,085
2015 $5,976 $10,878 $45,255 $42,515
2014 $6,406 $11,836 $47,746 $41,267
2013 $6,109 $11,296 $43,607 $39,948
2012 $5,634 $10,245 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $5,154 $9,769 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $4,520 $8,969 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $4,053 $8,662 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $4,195 $8,663 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $3,479 $8,112 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $3,244 $7,885 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $2,909 $7,457 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $2,586 $6,980 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $2,316 $6,475 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $2,059 $6,282 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $1,791 $5,999 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $1,382 $5,728 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $1,575 $5,638 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $2,284 $5,940 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $2,341 $5,793 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $2,136 $5,560 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $2,108 $5,469 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $1,997 $5,339 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $1,698 $5,112 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $1,655 $4,998 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $1,587 $4,887 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $1,455 $4,632 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $1,356 - $16,239 -
1988 $1,304 - $15,987 -
1987 $1,426 - $13,119 -
1986 $1,604 - $10,611 -
1985 $1,842 - $8,652 -
1984 $1,864 - $8,179 -
1983 $1,940 - $8,692 -
1982 $2,314 - $9,146 -
1981 $2,601 - $9,599 -
1980 $2,190 - $10,032 -
1979 $1,783 - $7,805 -
1978 $1,541 - $5,977 -
1977 $1,465 - $4,681 -
1976 $1,242 - $4,138 -
1975 $1,086 - $4,300 -
1974 $954 - $3,666 -
1973 $579 - $3,426 -
1972 $488 - $3,030 -
1971 $434 - $2,650 -
1970 $465 - $2,348 -
1969 $521 - $2,101 -
1968 $445 - $1,952 -
1967 $454 - $2,059 -
1966 $445 - $1,987 -
1965 $450 - $1,874 -
1964 $436 - $1,748 -
1963 $365 - $1,613 -
1962 $312 - $1,526 -
1961 $371 - $1,472 -
1960 $451 - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/united-kingdom | CC BY

Ecuador's GDP per capita is $6,875, ranking 103/197, compared to $53,246 in the United Kingdom, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Ecuador ranks 110th at $15,840, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Ecuador United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$125B
2024
$3.69T
2024
GDP rank
62/197
2024
6/197
2024
GDP growth
-2%
2023-2024
1.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$6,875
2024
$53,246
2024
GDP per capita rank
103/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,840
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
110/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$67B
2024
$3.73T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
53.8%
2024
101.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$3,695
2024
$53,900
2024
Government debt per person rank
93/185
2024
7/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,894
2026
$39,230
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$747M
2000
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,624,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
55
2025
Income share by richest 10%
33.4%
2024
24.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
1.5%
2024
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
38.1%
2024
44%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.55%
2023-2024
3.27%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.39%
2024
4.36%
2024
Population
18487749
70154914

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Ecuador
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Ecuador United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 38.1% 53.8% 44% 101.2%
2023 39.5% 54.3% 44.8% 100.4%
2022 38.9% 57.2% 44.1% 99.6%
2021 37.5% 61.8% 45.8% 105.1%
2020 40.2% 63.6% 50% 105.8%
2019 39.8% 52.1% 38.8% 85.7%
2018 40.9% 49.5% 38.9% 86.3%
2017 40.5% 47.4% 39.2% 86.7%
2016 44.1% 46.1% 39.6% 87.8%
2015 44.1% 36.4% 40.4% 87.9%
2014 45.9% 28.2% 41.2% 87.1%
2013 46.7% 23.4% 41.8% 85.3%
2012 43.2% 19.3% 43.6% 84.5%
2011 39.6% 18.6% 43.5% 81.4%
2010 35.4% 18.4% 44.7% 75.9%
2009 34.3% 19.7% 44.6% 64.9%
2008 35.6% 24.9% 41% 50.8%
2007 24.7% 29.6% 38.7% 43.2%
2006 21.7% 33.1% 38.4% 42.1%
2005 22% 35.8% 38.4% 41%
2004 21.3% 40.2% 38% 39.8%
2003 21.3% 47.2% 37.2% 36.8%
2002 22.8% 55% 35.9% 35.4%
2001 21.4% 63.8% 34.7% 35%
2000 24.3% 92.2% 33.9% 37.7%
1999 24.1% 105.2% 33.9% 40.4%
1998 21.5% 70.3% 34.5% 42%
1997 22% 61.5% 34.9% 44.1%
1996 22.7% 69.3% 35.7% 43.7%
1995 22% 70.5% 37.6% 43.7%
1994 - - 37.5% 40.7%
1993 - - 37.8% 38%
1992 - - 37.8% 33.2%
1991 - - 35.9% 28.5%
1990 - - 35% 28.5%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Ecuador's government spending was $47.5B, accounting for 38.1% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.62T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 53.8% in Ecuador and 101.2% in the United Kingdom, ranking 98/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Ecuador

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Ecuador United Kingdom
2024 -1.28% -5.75%
2023 -3.48% -6.05%
2022 0.04% -4.56%
2021 -1.59% -7.72%
2020 -7.38% -13.2%
2019 -3.47% -2.47%
2018 -2.8% -2.27%
2017 -5.77% -2.49%
2016 -10.3% -3.31%
2015 -6.87% -4.59%
2014 -8.11% -5.53%
2013 -8.17% -5.34%
2012 -2.83% -7.45%
2011 -0.13% -7.38%
2010 -1.39% -9.22%
2009 -3.71% -10.1%
2008 0.57% -5.09%
2007 2.66% -2.65%
2006 2.92% -2.76%
2005 0.66% -3.15%
2004 1.94% -3.16%
2003 1.05% -3.22%
2002 0.74% -1.96%
2001 0.03% 0.34%
2000 -0.32% 1.4%
1999 -4.82% 0.76%
1998 -5.1% -0.21%
1997 -2.83% -2.01%
1996 -3.44% -3.65%
1995 -2.02% -4.99%
1994 - -5.74%
1993 - -6.62%
1992 - -5.41%
1991 - -2.77%
1990 - -1.54%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Ecuador's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.59B, equivalent to 1.28% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $212B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Ecuador recorded a fiscal deficit in 21 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Ecuador posted an annual deficit equal to 2.51% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.26% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Ecuador

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Ecuador United Kingdom
2024 1.55% 3.27%
2023 2.22% 6.79%
2022 3.47% 7.92%
2021 0.13% 2.52%
2020 -0.34% 0.99%
2019 0.27% 1.74%
2018 -0.22% 2.29%
2017 0.42% 2.56%
2016 1.73% 1.01%
2015 3.97% 0.37%
2014 3.59% 1.45%
2013 2.72% 2.29%
2012 5.1% 2.57%
2011 4.47% 3.86%
2010 3.55% 2.49%
2009 5.16% 1.96%
2008 8.4% 3.52%
2007 2.28% 2.39%
2006 3.3% 2.46%
2005 2.17% 2.09%
2004 2.74% 1.39%
2003 7.93% 1.38%
2002 12.5% 1.52%
2001 37.7% 1.53%
2000 96.1% 1.18%
1999 52.2% 1.75%
1998 36.1% 1.82%
1997 30.7% 2.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Ecuador has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.8%, compared with 2.4% in the United Kingdom. In 2024, inflation was 1.55% in Ecuador and 3.27% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Ecuador
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $161M
Animal & marine products $78.6M
Raw agricultural goods $66.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $11.7M
Chemicals & pharma $1.13M
Machinery & equipment $438K
Wood & paper products $157K
Miscellaneous $65K
Raw materials & minerals $29K
Precious metals & jewellery $22K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $42.7M
Chemicals & pharma $20.1M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $18.8M
Wood & paper products $8.85M
Raw materials & minerals $4.52M
Metals $1.52M
Miscellaneous $1.17M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.15M
Raw agricultural goods $180K
Animal & marine products $143K

Balance of trade

Ecuador United Kingdom
Current account balance
$7.06B
2024
-$80.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
27/190
2024
189/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+5.66%
2024
-2.19%
2024
Goods imports
$27.9B
2024
$763B
2024
Goods exports
$34.7B
2024
$494B
2024
Service imports
$6.18B
2024
$411B
2024
Service exports
$3.86B
2024
$648B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
26.9%
2024
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
30.3%
2024
31%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Ecuador United Kingdom
Economic freedom 55.6 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 127/197 35/197
Property rights 33.2 93.6
Government integrity 33 83
Judicial effectiveness 48.1 83.1
Tax burden 74.2 61.7
Government spending 54.9 41.1
Fiscal health 90.3 32.4
Business freedom 64.3 83.6
Labor freedom 56.9 61.2
Monetary freedom 76.3 71.9
Trade freedom 66.4 82.8
Investment freedom 30 70
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Ecuador
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Ecuador United Kingdom
2026 55.6 70.4
2025 55.8 69.3
2024 55 68.6
2023 55 69.9
2022 54.3 72.7
2021 52.4 78.4
2020 51.3 79.3
2019 46.9 78.9
2018 48.5 78
2017 49.3 76.4
2016 48.6 76.4
2015 49.2 75.8
2014 48 74.9
2013 46.9 74.8
2012 48.3 74.1
2011 47.1 74.5
2010 49.3 76.5
2009 52.5 79
2008 55.2 79.4
2007 55.3 79.9
2006 54.6 80.4
2005 52.9 79.2
2004 54.4 77.7
2003 54.1 77.5
2002 53.1 78.5
2001 55.1 77.6
2000 59.8 77.3
1999 62.9 76.2
1998 62.8 76.5
1997 61 76.4
1996 60.1 76.4
1995 57.7 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Ecuador is 55.6, ranking 127/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Ecuador United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
57.2%
2024
72.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
26.5%
2024
17.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.48%
2024
0.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$117B
2024
$3.42T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$15,410
2024
$61,460
2024
Total reserves including gold
$6.91B
2024
$175B
2024
Total reserves ranking
87/177
2024
19/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$438M
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$443M
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
28%
2024
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
18.5%
2024
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/ecuador/united-kingdom | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.