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Economy of Seychelles vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The Seychelles has a GDP of $2.17B compared to $3.69T for the United Kingdom, ranking 178/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Seychelles has $1.25B in government debt (57.6% of GDP), compared to $3.73T (101.2% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Seychelles vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Seychelles
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Seychelles United Kingdom
2024 $2,167,239,562 $3,686,033,044,482
2023 $2,187,379,755 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $2,018,346,589 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $1,487,173,795 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $1,382,551,752 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $1,868,690,097 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $1,784,313,927 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $1,675,370,641 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $1,568,513,348 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $1,432,403,352 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $1,387,577,870 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $1,333,160,407 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $1,089,407,839 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $1,058,918,707 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $981,616,542 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $850,901,620 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $979,597,394 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $1,077,308,814 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $1,081,441,283 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $977,899,382 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $893,012,218 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $750,847,230 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $742,134,838 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $662,064,156 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $654,212,394 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $662,838,615 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $647,287,376 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $598,966,982 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $535,250,347 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $540,733,048 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $517,570,058 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $504,230,621 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $461,409,399 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $398,307,170 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $392,163,561 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $324,333,367 $926,884,816,754
1988 $301,985,618 $910,122,732,124
1987 $265,212,957 $745,162,608,269
1986 $221,147,061 $601,452,653,181
1985 $179,691,483 $489,285,164,271
1984 $160,992,921 $461,487,097,632
1983 $156,098,237 $489,618,008,186
1982 $157,211,790 $515,048,916,841
1981 $163,750,728 $540,765,675,241
1980 $156,783,830 $564,947,710,899
1979 $127,261,099 $438,994,070,309
1978 $85,552,366 $335,883,029,722
1977 $64,526,401 $263,066,457,352
1976 $49,278,982 $232,614,555,256
1975 $47,803,146 $241,756,637,168
1974 $43,134,496 $206,131,369,799
1973 $36,896,280 $192,537,971,583
1972 $30,645,123 $169,965,034,965
1971 $21,965,951 $148,113,896,325
1970 $18,432,032 $130,671,946,244
1969 $16,452,028 $116,464,702,803
1968 $16,074,028 $107,759,910,068
1967 $16,632,032 $113,116,888,211
1966 $16,443,034 $108,572,752,102
1965 $15,603,032 $101,824,755,079
1964 $15,393,032 $94,407,558,351
1963 $13,923,029 $86,561,961,812
1962 $12,642,026 $81,247,564,157
1961 $11,592,024 $77,741,965,703
1960 $12,012,025 $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Seychelles vs United Kingdom by year

Seychelles
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Seychelles United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $17,859 $33,239 $53,246 $62,009
2023 $18,263 $31,781 $49,944 $59,911
2022 $16,837 $29,973 $47,057 $59,022
2021 $14,983 $29,980 $47,691 $51,004
2020 $14,041 $31,056 $40,813 $48,230
2019 $19,142 $34,219 $43,159 $50,065
2018 $18,440 $32,091 $43,703 $47,212
2017 $17,480 $30,675 $40,917 $46,113
2016 $16,567 $28,811 $41,258 $44,085
2015 $15,333 $25,435 $45,255 $42,515
2014 $15,188 $24,985 $47,746 $41,267
2013 $14,821 $22,487 $43,607 $39,948
2012 $12,337 $22,264 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $12,110 $21,781 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $10,935 $18,982 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $9,747 $18,453 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $11,265 $18,881 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $12,669 $19,473 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $12,783 $17,503 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $11,802 $15,846 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $10,828 $14,160 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $9,070 $14,142 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $8,864 $14,570 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $8,153 $14,615 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $8,064 $14,638 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $8,243 $13,853 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $8,210 $13,675 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $7,747 $13,458 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $7,004 $11,931 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $7,181 $10,809 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $6,975 $10,692 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $6,979 $11,020 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $6,520 $10,243 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $5,655 $9,387 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $5,642 $8,955 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $4,689 - $16,239 -
1988 $4,392 - $15,987 -
1987 $3,872 - $13,119 -
1986 $3,368 - $10,611 -
1985 $2,754 - $8,652 -
1984 $2,488 - $8,179 -
1983 $2,426 - $8,692 -
1982 $2,441 - $9,146 -
1981 $2,557 - $9,599 -
1980 $2,478 - $10,032 -
1979 $2,030 - $7,805 -
1978 $1,377 - $5,977 -
1977 $1,044 - $4,681 -
1976 $814 - $4,138 -
1975 $806 - $4,300 -
1974 $745 - $3,666 -
1973 $649 - $3,426 -
1972 $547 - $3,030 -
1971 $402 - $2,650 -
1970 $344 - $2,348 -
1969 $314 - $2,101 -
1968 $314 - $1,952 -
1967 $333 - $2,059 -
1966 $338 - $1,987 -
1965 $328 - $1,874 -
1964 $332 - $1,748 -
1963 $308 - $1,613 -
1962 $287 - $1,526 -
1961 $270.3 - $1,472 -
1960 $288.1 - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Seychelles' GDP per capita is $17,859, ranking 63/197, compared to $53,246 in the United Kingdom, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Seychelles ranks 67th at $33,239, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Seychelles United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$2.17B
2024
$3.69T
2024
GDP rank
178/197
2024
6/197
2024
GDP growth
3.47%
2023-2024
1.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$17,859
2024
$53,246
2024
GDP per capita rank
63/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$33,239
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
67/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$1.25B
2024
$3.73T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
57.6%
2024
101.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$10,288
2024
$53,900
2024
Government debt per person rank
57/185
2024
7/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$10,944
2026
$39,230
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$811M
2024
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,624,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
55
2025
Income share by richest 10%
23.9%
2018
24.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
2.6%
2018
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
33.8%
2024
44%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
0.31%
2023-2024
3.27%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
1.75%
2024
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.59%
2024
4.36%
2024
Population
126311
70154914

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Seychelles
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Seychelles United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 33.8% 57.6% 44% 101.2%
2023 32.9% 55.3% 44.8% 100.4%
2022 31.3% 60% 44.1% 99.6%
2021 38.8% 71% 45.8% 105.1%
2020 46.7% 77.4% 50% 105.8%
2019 31.7% 48.9% 38.8% 85.7%
2018 33% 51.3% 38.9% 86.3%
2017 34.3% 56.7% 39.2% 86.7%
2016 34.5% 62.8% 39.6% 87.8%
2015 31.5% 64.7% 40.4% 87.9%
2014 33.4% 70.4% 41.2% 87.1%
2013 37.8% 68.2% 41.8% 85.3%
2012 38.6% 80.1% 43.6% 84.5%
2011 36.4% 82.5% 43.5% 81.4%
2010 34.6% 82.2% 44.7% 75.9%
2009 32.1% 106.1% 44.6% 64.9%
2008 27% 192.1% 41% 50.8%
2007 41.9% 144% 38.7% 43.2%
2006 43.6% 135.1% 38.4% 42.1%
2005 39% 144.1% 38.4% 41%
2004 39.9% 163.2% 38% 39.8%
2003 44.6% 177% 37.2% 36.8%
2002 56.3% 195.9% 35.9% 35.4%
2001 46.8% 199.8% 34.7% 35%
2000 55.4% 177.8% 33.9% 37.7%
1999 56.1% 159.8% 33.9% 40.4%
1998 60.7% 161.2% 34.5% 42%
1997 54.7% 143% 34.9% 44.1%
1996 59.1% 146.7% 35.7% 43.7%
1995 53.1% 133.5% 37.6% 43.7%
1994 63.6% 123.5% 37.5% 40.7%
1993 60.4% 82.2% 37.8% 38%
1992 50.7% 79.9% 37.8% 33.2%
1991 52.1% 89.2% 35.9% 28.5%
1990 46.1% 80.4% 35% 28.5%
1989 51.7% 39.9% 39.7% 31.4%
1988 46.7% 41.3% 40.3% 36.6%
1987 49.7% 37% 42.7% 41.8%
1986 58% 31.5% 44.6% 42.9%
1985 53% 26.5% 48.7% 42.9%
1984 50.5% 15.3% 50.3% 44.1%
1983 47.9% 12.4% 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, the Seychelles' government spending was $732M, accounting for 33.8% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.62T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 57.6% in the Seychelles and 101.2% in the United Kingdom, ranking 85/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Seychelles

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Seychelles United Kingdom
2024 -0.69% -5.75%
2023 -1.14% -6.05%
2022 -0.76% -4.56%
2021 -5.76% -7.72%
2020 -15.7% -13.2%
2019 0.42% -2.47%
2018 -0.8% -2.27%
2017 -1.67% -2.49%
2016 0.02% -3.31%
2015 1.39% -4.59%
2014 2.87% -5.53%
2013 0.33% -5.34%
2012 2.93% -7.45%
2011 3.36% -7.38%
2010 0.52% -9.22%
2009 4.84% -10.1%
2008 7.88% -5.09%
2007 -9.93% -2.65%
2006 -2.54% -2.76%
2005 0.42% -3.15%
2004 0.44% -3.16%
2003 3.4% -3.22%
2002 -16.3% -1.96%
2001 -8.93% 0.34%
2000 -14.7% 1.4%
1999 -10.3% 0.76%
1998 -16.7% -0.21%
1997 -5.91% -2.01%
1996 -9.69% -3.65%
1995 -2.58% -4.99%
1994 -6.95% -5.74%
1993 -3.62% -6.62%
1992 6.44% -5.41%
1991 3.15% -2.77%
1990 11.9% -1.54%
1989 8.26% 0.77%
1988 11.8% 0.46%
1987 2.77% -1.79%
1986 -10.1% -2.56%
1985 -4.86% -5.57%
1984 -6.09% -6.39%
1983 -3.13% -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, the Seychelles' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $15M, equivalent to 0.69% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $212B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 42 years, the Seychelles recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 37 years. On average, the Seychelles posted an annual deficit equal to 2.04% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.07% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Seychelles

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Seychelles United Kingdom
2024 0.31% 3.27%
2023 -1.04% 6.79%
2022 2.63% 7.92%
2021 9.77% 2.52%
2020 1.2% 0.99%
2019 1.81% 1.74%
2018 3.7% 2.29%
2017 2.86% 2.56%
2016 -1.02% 1.01%
2015 4.04% 0.37%
2014 1.39% 1.45%
2013 4.34% 2.29%
2012 7.11% 2.57%
2011 2.56% 3.86%
2010 -2.4% 2.49%
2009 31.8% 1.96%
2008 37% 3.52%
2007 5.32% 2.39%
2006 -0.35% 2.46%
2005 0.91% 2.09%
2004 3.86% 1.39%
2003 3.3% 1.38%
2002 0.18% 1.52%
2001 5.97% 1.53%
2000 6.27% 1.18%
1999 6.35% 1.75%
1998 2.58% 1.82%
1997 0.62% 2.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Seychelles has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 5.03%, compared with 2.4% in the United Kingdom. In 2024, inflation was 0.31% in the Seychelles and 3.27% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Seychelles
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $76.9M
Animal & marine products $1.65M
Machinery & equipment $708K
Metals $69K
Textiles & consumer goods $59K
Raw agricultural goods $17K
Wood & paper products $12K
Raw materials & minerals $2K
Chemicals & pharma $1K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $16.2M
Chemicals & pharma $5.95M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.25M
Metals $3.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.36M
Wood & paper products $1.5M
Miscellaneous $590K
Raw materials & minerals $322K
Animal & marine products $177K
Raw agricultural goods $79K

Balance of trade

Seychelles United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$176M
2024
-$80.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
97/190
2024
189/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-8.11%
2024
-2.19%
2024
Goods imports
$1.39B
2024
$763B
2024
Goods exports
$595M
2024
$494B
2024
Service imports
$1B
2024
$411B
2024
Service exports
$1.71B
2024
$648B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
103.2%
2024
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
85.2%
2024
31%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Seychelles United Kingdom
Economic freedom 66.5 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 60/197 35/197
Property rights 82.6 93.6
Government integrity 71.7 83
Judicial effectiveness 61.7 83.1
Tax burden 77.3 61.7
Government spending 68 41.1
Fiscal health 92.2 32.4
Business freedom 71.3 83.6
Labor freedom 52 61.2
Monetary freedom 79.8 71.9
Trade freedom 81.2 82.8
Investment freedom 30 70
Financial freedom 30 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Seychelles
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Seychelles United Kingdom
2026 66.5 70.4
2025 66.4 69.3
2024 60.4 68.6
2023 59.5 69.9
2022 61.1 72.7
2021 66.3 78.4
2020 64.3 79.3
2019 61.4 78.9
2018 61.6 78
2017 61.8 76.4
2016 62.2 76.4
2015 57.5 75.8
2014 56.2 74.9
2013 54.9 74.8
2012 53 74.1
2011 51.2 74.5
2010 47.9 76.5
2009 47.8 79
2008 - 79.4
2007 - 79.9
2006 - 80.4
2005 - 79.2
2004 - 77.7
2003 - 77.5
2002 - 78.5
2001 - 77.6
2000 - 77.3
1999 - 76.2
1998 - 76.5
1997 - 76.4
1996 - 76.4
1995 - 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Seychelles is 66.5, ranking 60/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Seychelles United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
65.8%
2024
72.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
12.3%
2024
17.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.45%
2024
0.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.12B
2024
$3.42T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$32,180
2024
$61,460
2024
Total reserves including gold
$774M
2024
$175B
2024
Total reserves ranking
145/177
2024
19/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$262M
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$226M
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$35.4M
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
25.3%
2018
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/seychelles/united-kingdom | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.