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Economy of United Kingdom vs Yemen compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The United Kingdom has a GDP of $3.69T compared to $21.6B for Yemen, ranking 6/197 and 125/197 by economy size, respectively.

The United Kingdom has $3.73T in government debt (101.2% of GDP), compared to $18.8B (70.9% of GDP) in Yemen.

United Kingdom vs Yemen GDP by year

United Kingdom
Yemen
1x
Year GDP, current $
United Kingdom Yemen
2024 $3,686,033,044,482 -
2023 $3,420,796,653,789 -
2022 $3,181,244,350,465 -
2021 $3,194,559,188,926 -
2020 $2,724,001,478,305 -
2019 $2,875,710,080,015 -
2018 $2,897,028,009,916 $21,606,160,663
2017 $2,699,118,387,873 $26,842,229,045
2016 $2,706,807,606,539 $31,317,825,274
2015 $2,945,579,890,258 $42,444,490,074
2014 $3,085,362,169,410 $43,228,585,321
2013 $2,796,908,333,283 $40,415,233,436
2012 $2,719,715,961,540 $35,401,331,610
2011 $2,675,590,034,129 $32,726,417,878
2010 $2,496,740,681,057 $30,906,749,533
2009 $2,429,358,155,476 $25,130,278,213
2008 $2,945,251,838,235 $26,910,855,807
2007 $3,104,699,879,952 $21,650,528,674
2006 $2,719,558,417,663 $19,063,143,370
2005 $2,551,361,818,182 $16,731,566,717
2004 $2,429,774,807,763 $13,867,634,371
2003 $2,061,227,755,102 $11,777,532,662
2002 $1,790,536,570,743 $10,693,430,511
2001 $1,656,171,009,069 $9,852,990,693
2000 $1,671,597,821,153 $9,679,316,770
1999 $1,693,458,987,219 $7,639,325,296
1998 $1,660,821,464,061 $6,322,175,566
1997 $1,569,317,288,802 $6,838,298,531
1996 $1,425,287,051,482 $6,496,163,616
1995 $1,349,094,208,616 $12,796,345,679
1994 $1,140,489,745,944 $28,019,483,764
1993 $1,061,388,722,256 $21,736,802,664
1992 $1,179,659,529,660 $17,959,367,194
1991 $1,142,797,178,131 $14,665,445,462
1990 $1,093,169,389,205 $12,643,821,569
1989 $926,884,816,754 -
1988 $910,122,732,124 -
1987 $745,162,608,269 -
1986 $601,452,653,181 -
1985 $489,285,164,271 -
1984 $461,487,097,632 -
1983 $489,618,008,186 -
1982 $515,048,916,841 -
1981 $540,765,675,241 -
1980 $564,947,710,899 -
1979 $438,994,070,309 -
1978 $335,883,029,722 -
1977 $263,066,457,352 -
1976 $232,614,555,256 -
1975 $241,756,637,168 -
1974 $206,131,369,799 -
1973 $192,537,971,583 -
1972 $169,965,034,965 -
1971 $148,113,896,325 -
1970 $130,671,946,244 -
1969 $116,464,702,803 -
1968 $107,759,910,068 -
1967 $113,116,888,211 -
1966 $108,572,752,102 -
1965 $101,824,755,079 -
1964 $94,407,558,351 -
1963 $86,561,961,812 -
1962 $81,247,564,157 -
1961 $77,741,965,703 -
1960 $73,233,967,692 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom/yemen | CC BY

GDP per capita in United Kingdom vs Yemen by year

United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Yemen
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
United Kingdom Yemen
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $53,246 $62,009 - -
2023 $49,944 $59,911 - -
2022 $47,057 $59,022 - -
2021 $47,691 $51,004 - -
2020 $40,813 $48,230 - -
2019 $43,159 $50,065 - -
2018 $43,703 $47,212 $634 -
2017 $40,917 $46,113 $811 -
2016 $41,258 $44,085 $975 -
2015 $45,255 $42,515 $1,362 -
2014 $47,746 $41,267 $1,430 -
2013 $43,607 $39,948 $1,379 $3,164
2012 $42,688 $38,337 $1,245 $3,005
2011 $42,296 $37,224 $1,186 $3,113
2010 $39,778 $36,484 $1,155 $3,603
2009 $39,009 $35,042 $969 $3,411
2008 $47,652 $36,745 $1,072 $3,370
2007 $50,629 $35,522 $890 $3,294
2006 $44,695 $34,727 $810 $3,205
2005 $42,240 $32,726 $734 $3,113
2004 $40,504 $32,051 $628 $2,949
2003 $34,557 $30,314 $549 $2,844
2002 $30,159 $29,089 $513 $2,768
2001 $28,014 $27,913 $487 $2,702
2000 $28,384 $26,536 $493 $2,624
1999 $28,858 $24,494 $401 $2,492
1998 $28,396 $23,689 $343 $2,442
1997 $26,910 $23,071 $383 $2,351
1996 $24,503 $21,947 $375 $2,268
1995 $23,253 $20,595 $764 $2,201
1994 $19,709 $19,605 $1,735 $2,115
1993 $18,389 $18,336 $1,397 $2,013
1992 $20,487 $17,349 $1,198 $1,963
1991 $19,901 $16,791 $1,016 $1,843
1990 $19,095 $16,505 $910 $1,742
1989 $16,239 - - -
1988 $15,987 - - -
1987 $13,119 - - -
1986 $10,611 - - -
1985 $8,652 - - -
1984 $8,179 - - -
1983 $8,692 - - -
1982 $9,146 - - -
1981 $9,599 - - -
1980 $10,032 - - -
1979 $7,805 - - -
1978 $5,977 - - -
1977 $4,681 - - -
1976 $4,138 - - -
1975 $4,300 - - -
1974 $3,666 - - -
1973 $3,426 - - -
1972 $3,030 - - -
1971 $2,650 - - -
1970 $2,348 - - -
1969 $2,101 - - -
1968 $1,952 - - -
1967 $2,059 - - -
1966 $1,987 - - -
1965 $1,874 - - -
1964 $1,748 - - -
1963 $1,613 - - -
1962 $1,526 - - -
1961 $1,472 - - -
1960 $1,398 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom/yemen | CC BY

The United Kingdom's GDP per capita is $53,246, ranking 22/197, compared to $634 in Yemen, ranking 191/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009, while Yemen ranks 178th at $3,164.

Economic indicators

United Kingdom Yemen
Gross domestic product
$3.69T
2024
$21.6B
2018
GDP rank
6/197
2024
125/197
2018
GDP growth
1.13%
2023-2024
0.75%
2017-2018
GDP per capita
$53,246
2024
$634
2018
GDP per capita rank
22/197
2024
191/197
2018
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,009
2024
$3,164
2013
GDP per capita PPP rank
32/197
2024
178/197
2013
Government debt
$3.73T
2024
$18.8B
2018
Debt-to-GDP ratio
101.2%
2024
70.9%
2024
Government debt per person
$53,900
2024
$551
2018
Government debt per person rank
7/185
2024
165/185
2018
Average annual personal income after taxes
$39,230
2026
$1,127
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.1T
2022
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,624,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
55
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.6%
2021
29.4%
2014
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2021
3%
2014
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44%
2024
8.91%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.27%
2023-2024
33.9%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
4.36%
2024
13.5%
2014
Population
70154914
43325643

Spending and national debt comparison by year

United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
Yemen
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
United Kingdom Yemen
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44% 101.2% 8.91% 70.9%
2023 44.8% 100.4% 11.8% 77.9%
2022 44.1% 99.6% 12.2% 65.3%
2021 45.8% 105.1% 8.22% 75.9%
2020 50% 105.8% 10.6% 87%
2019 38.8% 85.7% 13.2% 91.5%
2018 38.9% 86.3% 14.3% 86.9%
2017 39.2% 86.7% 8.39% 83.8%
2016 39.6% 87.8% 16.1% 76.5%
2015 40.4% 87.9% 19.4% 57.7%
2014 41.2% 87.1% 27.8% 48.9%
2013 41.8% 85.3% 30.8% 48.4%
2012 43.6% 84.5% 36.2% 47.6%
2011 43.5% 81.4% 29.8% 45.7%
2010 44.7% 75.9% 30.2% 42.4%
2009 44.6% 64.9% 35.2% 49.8%
2008 41% 50.8% 41.2% 36.4%
2007 38.7% 43.2% 40.3% 40.4%
2006 38.4% 42.1% 37.4% 40.8%
2005 38.4% 41% 36.8% 43.8%
2004 38% 39.8% 34.2% 52.1%
2003 37.2% 36.8% 35.3% 56.8%
2002 35.9% 35.4% 30.8% 57.8%
2001 34.7% 35% 30.5% 60.6%
2000 33.9% 37.7% 31.7% 60.8%
1999 33.9% 40.4% 28.2% 96.1%
1998 34.5% 42% 34.3% 110.6%
1997 34.9% 44.1% 34.2% 74.2%
1996 35.7% 43.7% 30.7% 114.9%
1995 37.6% 43.7% 24.1% 84.1%
1994 37.5% 40.7% 25.2% 73.3%
1993 37.8% 38% 25.8% 76.7%
1992 37.8% 33.2% 24.6% 78%
1991 35.9% 28.5% 24.7% 82.7%
1990 35% 28.5% 26.6% 91.6%
1989 39.7% 31.4% - -
1988 40.3% 36.6% - -
1987 42.7% 41.8% - -
1986 44.6% 42.9% - -
1985 48.7% 42.9% - -
1984 50.3% 44.1% - -
1983 50.4% 44.2% - -
1982 50.8% 44.7% - -
1981 51.2% 41.1% - -
1980 47.6% 43.7% - -
1979 45.1% 44.5% - -
1978 46.2% 47.3% - -
1977 46.8% 53.7% - -
1976 49.2% 47.7% - -
1975 49.1% 49.6% - -
1974 47.8% 56.2% - -
1973 43.5% 58.5% - -
1972 42.3% 65% - -
1971 41.2% 67.9% - -
1970 42% 73.4% - -
1969 39.2% 82.8% - -
1968 40.3% 88.5% - -
1967 40.1% 89.1% - -
1966 35.7% 91.9% - -
1965 34.6% 94.6% - -
1964 32.8% 101.1% - -
1963 37.4% 108.6% - -
1962 33.8% 110.5% - -
1961 31.5% 113.8% - -
1960 33.1% 117.9% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom/yemen | CC BY

In 2024, the United Kingdom's government spending was $1.62T, accounting for 44% of its GDP, while Yemen spent $3.08B, or 8.91% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 101.2% in the United Kingdom and 70.9% in Yemen, ranking 22/185 and 55/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
United Kingdom

Yemen
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
United Kingdom Yemen
2024 -5.75% -2.48%
2023 -6.05% -5.63%
2022 -4.56% -2.15%
2021 -7.72% -0.89%
2020 -13.2% -4.3%
2019 -2.47% -5.89%
2018 -2.27% -7.85%
2017 -2.49% -4.9%
2016 -3.31% -8.51%
2015 -4.59% -8.75%
2014 -5.53% -4.14%
2013 -5.34% -6.9%
2012 -7.45% -6.32%
2011 -7.38% -4.51%
2010 -9.22% -4.06%
2009 -10.1% -10.2%
2008 -5.09% -4.53%
2007 -2.65% -7.18%
2006 -2.76% 1.19%
2005 -3.15% -1.82%
2004 -3.16% -2.15%
2003 -3.22% -4.2%
2002 -1.96% -0.56%
2001 0.34% 2.79%
2000 1.4% 6.09%
1999 0.76% 0.06%
1998 -0.21% -7.77%
1997 -2.01% -1.5%
1996 -3.65% -0.92%
1995 -4.99% -5.74%
1994 -5.74% -14%
1993 -6.62% -12.8%
1992 -5.41% -10.9%
1991 -2.77% -5.76%
1990 -1.54% -10.3%
1989 0.77% -
1988 0.46% -
1987 -1.79% -
1986 -2.56% -
1985 -5.57% -
1984 -6.39% -
1983 -6.26% -
1982 -5.66% -
1981 -7.03% -
1980 -5.65% -
1979 -5.79% -
1978 -6.63% -
1977 -4.41% -
1976 -5.61% -
1975 -5.08% -
1974 -4.06% -
1973 -4.29% -
1972 -1.66% -
1971 1.48% -
1970 2.61% -
1969 1.03% -
1968 -2.3% -
1967 -4.57% -
1966 -1.59% -
1965 -2.06% -
1964 -1.76% -
1963 -5.47% -
1962 -0.49% -
1961 0.56% -
1960 -2.75% -
1959 -0.58% -
1958 -1.73% -
1957 -1.04% -
1956 0.55% -
1955 -0.39% -
1954 -1.65% -
1953 -2.84% -
1952 -1.26% -
1951 2.03% -
1950 0.34% -
1949 3.01% -
1948 -0.39% -
1947 -15.8% -
1946 -22.5% -
1945 -30.9% -
1944 -29.7% -
1943 -33.3% -
1942 -31.6% -
1941 -32% -
1940 -12.1% -
1939 -2.99% -
1938 0% -
1937 0.82% -
1936 0.17% -
1935 0.37% -
1934 0.48% -
1933 0.99% -
1932 -0.15% -
1931 0.8% -
1930 1.01% -
1929 0.75% -
1928 1.75% -
1927 1.62% -
1926 0.6% -
1925 0.84% -
1924 1.19% -
1923 2.23% -
1922 2.45% -
1921 1.15% -
1920 4.2% -
1919 -6.28% -
1918 -34.4% -
1917 -48.8% -
1916 -50.6% -
1915 -30% -
1914 -14.6% -
1913 0.25% -
1912 0.22% -
1911 0.51% -
1910 1.75% -
1909 -1.25% -
1908 0.34% -
1907 0.66% -
1906 0.58% -
1905 0.36% -
1904 0.2% -
1903 -0.22% -
1902 -1.77% -
1901 -2.74% -
1900 -2.96% -
1899 -0.79% -
1898 0.01% -
1897 0.25% -
1896 0.17% -
1895 0.3% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 -0.007% -
1892 0.14% -
1891 0.19% -
1890 0.23% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 0.27% -
1887 0.25% -
1886 0.07% -
1885 -0.21% -
1884 -0.04% -
1883 0.06% -
1882 0.02% -
1881 0.06% -
1880 0.1% -
1879 -0.86% -
1878 -0.18% -
1877 -0.18% -
1876 0.09% -
1875 0% -
1874 0.09% -
1873 0% -
1872 0.55% -
1871 0.29% -
1870 0% -
1869 0.77% -
1868 -0.45% -
1867 -0.45% -
1866 0.11% -
1865 0% -
1864 0.24% -
1863 0% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.4% -
1860 -0.43% -
1859 0% -
1858 -0.15% -
1857 -0.15% -
1856 -0.6% -
1855 -3.57% -
1854 -3.39% -
1853 0.5% -
1852 0.35% -
1851 0.35% -
1850 0.37% -
1849 0.34% -
1848 -0.17% -
1847 -6.13% -
1846 0.52% -
1845 0.56% -
1844 0.59% -
1843 0.44% -
1842 -0.87% -
1841 -0.42% -
1840 -0.2% -
1839 -0.18% -
1838 -0.19% -
1837 -0.21% -
1836 0.59% -
1835 0.42% -
1834 0.23% -
1833 0.24% -
1832 0% -
1831 0% -
1830 0.45% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom/yemen | CC BY

In 2018, the United Kingdom's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $65.8B, equivalent to 2.27% of GDP. This compares to Yemen's deficit of $1.7B, or 7.85% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, the United Kingdom recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Yemen ran a deficit in 25 years. On average, the United Kingdom posted an annual deficit equal to 3.8% of GDP, compared to deficit of 5.04% of GDP for Yemen.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
United Kingdom

Yemen
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
United Kingdom Yemen
2024 3.27% 33.9%
2023 6.79% 0.9%
2022 7.92% 29.5%
2021 2.52% 31.5%
2020 0.99% 21.7%
2019 1.74% 15.7%
2018 2.29% 33.6%
2017 2.56% 30.4%
2016 1.01% 21.3%
2015 0.37% 22%
2014 1.45% 8.2%
2013 2.29% 11%
2012 2.57% 9.9%
2011 3.86% 19.5%
2010 2.49% 11.2%
2009 1.96% 3.7%
2008 3.52% 19%
2007 2.39% 7.9%
2006 2.46% 10.8%
2005 2.09% 9.9%
2004 1.39% 12.5%
2003 1.38% 10.8%
2002 1.52% 12.2%
2001 1.53% 11.9%
2000 1.18% 11%
1999 1.75% 7.9%
1998 1.82% 11.5%
1997 2.2% 4.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom/yemen | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the United Kingdom has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.4%, compared with 15.5% in Yemen. In 2024, inflation was 3.27% in the United Kingdom and 33.9% in Yemen.

Top exports between countries

United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $8.49M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.57M
Chemicals & pharma $3.35M
Animal & marine products $1.52M
Wood & paper products $505K
Textiles & consumer goods $407K
Raw materials & minerals $314K
Metals $297K
Raw agricultural goods $144K
Miscellaneous $17K
Yemen
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $8.37M
Metals $296K
Animal & marine products $191K
Textiles & consumer goods $83K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $42K

Balance of trade

United Kingdom Yemen
Current account balance
-$80.6B
2024
-$2.42B
2016
Current account balance ranking
189/190
2024
148/190
2016
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.19%
2024
-7.72%
2016
Goods imports
$763B
2024
$6.8B
2016
Goods exports
$494B
2024
$473M
2016
Service imports
$411B
2024
$1.46B
2016
Service exports
$648B
2024
$466M
2016
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.9%
2024
47.3%
2018
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31%
2024
8.76%
2018

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

United Kingdom Yemen
Economic freedom 70.4 53.7
Economic freedom ranking 35/197 138/197
Property rights 93.6 3.5
Government integrity 83 6.2
Judicial effectiveness 83.1 9.9
Tax burden 61.7 93.7
Government spending 41.1 0
Fiscal health 32.4 71.2
Business freedom 83.6 31.3
Labor freedom 61.2 31.2
Monetary freedom 71.9 48.1
Trade freedom 82.8 67.4
Investment freedom 70 50
Financial freedom 80 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

United Kingdom
Yemen
1x
Year Economic freedom index
United Kingdom Yemen
2026 70.4 -
2025 69.3 -
2024 68.6 -
2023 69.9 -
2022 72.7 -
2021 78.4 -
2020 79.3 -
2019 78.9 -
2018 78 -
2017 76.4 -
2016 76.4 -
2015 75.8 53.7
2014 74.9 55.5
2013 74.8 55.9
2012 74.1 55.3
2011 74.5 54.2
2010 76.5 54.4
2009 79 56.9
2008 79.4 53.8
2007 79.9 54.1
2006 80.4 52.6
2005 79.2 53.8
2004 77.7 50.5
2003 77.5 50.3
2002 78.5 48.6
2001 77.6 44.3
2000 77.3 44.5
1999 76.2 43.3
1998 76.5 46.1
1997 76.4 48.4
1996 76.4 49.6
1995 77.9 49.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom/yemen | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the United Kingdom is 70.4, ranking 35/197, compared to 53.7 for Yemen, ranking 138/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

United Kingdom Yemen
Services, % of GDP
72.4%
2024
41.8%
2018
Industry, % of GDP
17.1%
2024
25.4%
2018
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.64%
2024
28.7%
2018
GNI, Atlas method
$3.42T
2024
$25.3B
2018
GNI per capita, PPP
$61,460
2024
$3,020
2013
Total reserves including gold
$175B
2024
$1.25B
2022
Total reserves ranking
19/177
2024
139/177
2022
Net foreign direct investment
$42.8B
2024
$15.4M
2015
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$13B
2024
-$371M
2019
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$72.5B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
0.53%
2018
Poverty at national poverty lines
18.6%
2017
48.6%
2014
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.1%
2024
6.18%
2018

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1998, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2015–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.