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Economy of Guinea vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Guinea has a GDP of $28.3B compared to $4T for the United Kingdom, ranking 117/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

Guinea has $13.6B in government debt (48.1% of GDP), compared to $4.1T (102.3% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Guinea vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Guinea
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Guinea United Kingdom
2025 $28,346,024,753 $4,002,587,541,846
2024 $25,008,678,293 $3,695,539,513,534
2023 $22,407,615,556 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $19,910,452,542 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $17,069,115,738 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $14,088,693,743 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $13,442,861,496 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $11,857,030,367 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $10,324,668,271 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $8,595,955,222 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $8,794,201,743 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $8,778,473,373 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $8,376,613,539 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $7,638,044,557 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $6,785,137,203 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $6,853,467,146 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $6,716,905,340 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $6,964,179,983 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $6,281,918,226 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $4,220,019,845 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $4,282,468,637 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $5,300,767,961 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $5,025,167,975 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $4,301,608,753 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $4,125,527,603 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $4,367,458,867 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $5,046,806,783 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $5,232,118,046 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $5,516,916,163 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $5,641,243,100 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $5,385,704,166 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $4,932,800,407 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $4,781,166,117 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $4,789,220,417 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $4,396,178,694 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $3,888,320,666 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $3,546,079,263 $926,884,816,754
1988 $3,476,480,303 $910,122,732,124
1987 $2,976,714,019 $745,162,608,269
1986 $2,909,130,355 $601,452,653,181
1985 $22,787,644,566 $489,285,164,271
1984 $18,421,497,251 $461,487,097,632
1983 $15,129,893,722 $489,618,008,186
1982 $11,926,032,493 $515,048,916,841
1981 $9,646,440,667 $540,765,675,241
1980 $9,746,524,915 $564,947,710,899
1979 $8,877,094,497 $438,994,070,309
1978 $8,087,305,999 $335,883,029,722
1977 $6,914,381,291 $263,066,457,352
1976 $6,762,781,871 $232,614,555,256
1975 $6,102,769,605 $241,756,637,168
1974 $5,691,417,541 $206,131,369,799
1973 $5,152,080,388 $192,537,971,583
1972 $4,203,069,035 $169,965,034,965
1971 $3,594,302,908 $148,113,896,325
1970 $3,220,224,608 $130,671,946,244
1969 - $116,464,702,803
1968 - $107,759,910,068
1967 - $113,116,888,211
1966 - $108,572,752,102
1965 - $101,824,755,079
1964 - $94,407,558,351
1963 - $86,561,961,812
1962 - $81,247,564,157
1961 - $77,741,965,703
1960 - $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Guinea vs United Kingdom by year

Guinea
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Guinea United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $1,877 - $57,602 -
2024 $1,695 $4,565 $53,341 $62,009
2023 $1,555 $4,334 $49,920 $59,911
2022 $1,417 $4,062 $47,035 $59,022
2021 $1,245 $3,739 $47,696 $51,004
2020 $1,054 $3,332 $40,815 $48,230
2019 $1,031 $3,106 $43,161 $50,065
2018 $933 $2,844 $43,704 $47,212
2017 $834 $2,687 $40,918 $46,113
2016 $712 $2,255 $41,259 $44,085
2015 $747 $1,930 $45,256 $42,515
2014 $765 $1,873 $47,747 $41,267
2013 $748 $1,842 $43,608 $39,948
2012 $699 $1,790 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $637 $1,705 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $659 $1,622 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $662 $1,567 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $704 $1,614 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $650 $1,558 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $447 $1,453 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $463 $1,422 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $585 $1,366 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $566 $1,328 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $496 $1,315 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $483 $1,251 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $518 $1,196 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $611 $1,163 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $647 $1,130 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $696 $1,099 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $726 $1,048 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $713 $1,014 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $672 $976 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $671 $947 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $693 $908 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $656 $887 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $604 $871 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $570 - $16,239 -
1988 $574 - $15,987 -
1987 $505 - $13,119 -
1986 $506 - $10,611 -
1985 $4,062 - $8,652 -
1984 $3,362 - $8,179 -
1983 $2,823 - $8,692 -
1982 $2,273 - $9,146 -
1981 $1,876 - $9,599 -
1980 $1,931 - $10,032 -
1979 $1,790 - $7,805 -
1978 $1,658 - $5,977 -
1977 $1,440 - $4,681 -
1976 $1,431 - $4,138 -
1975 $1,311 - $4,300 -
1974 $1,243 - $3,666 -
1973 $1,143 - $3,426 -
1972 $948 - $3,030 -
1971 $825 - $2,650 -
1970 $753 - $2,348 -
1969 - - $2,101 -
1968 - - $1,952 -
1967 - - $2,059 -
1966 - - $1,987 -
1965 - - $1,874 -
1964 - - $1,748 -
1963 - - $1,613 -
1962 - - $1,526 -
1961 - - $1,472 -
1960 - - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

Guinea's GDP per capita is $1,877, ranking 161/197, compared to $57,602 in the United Kingdom, ranking 21/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Guinea ranks 161st at $4,565, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Guinea United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$28.3B
2025
$4T
2025
GDP rank
117/197
2025
5/197
2025
GDP growth
7.45%
2024-2025
1.39%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$1,877
2025
$57,602
2025
GDP per capita rank
161/197
2025
21/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$4,565
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
161/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$13.6B
2025
$4.1T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
48.1%
2025
102.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$902
2025
$58,936
2025
Government debt per person rank
146/185
2025
7/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,966
2026
$43,539
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,428,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
56
2026
Income share by richest 10%
23.1%
2018
25%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2018
2.9%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
43.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.1%
2024-2025
3.88%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.02%
2019
4.9%
2025
Population
15624314
70071289

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Guinea
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Guinea United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 25.2% 48.1% 43.6% 102.3%
2024 20.6% 48.3% 43.7% 99.9%
2023 18.3% 39.8% 44.2% 98.9%
2022 15.7% 37.2% 43.2% 97.5%
2021 15.1% 40.6% 44.9% 103.4%
2020 17.1% 45.3% 49.3% 104.8%
2019 14.9% 37.3% 38.3% 84.9%
2018 15.9% 37.5% 38.5% 85.6%
2017 17.3% 39.9% 38.8% 86.1%
2016 16.1% 40.6% 39.3% 87.3%
2015 21.7% 41.5% 40.1% 87.3%
2014 20.1% 32.1% 40.8% 86.5%
2013 18.6% 30.5% 41.6% 84.9%
2012 19.6% 26.9% 43.3% 84.1%
2011 16% 53.8% 43.3% 81.1%
2010 20.5% 71.1% 44.5% 75.5%
2009 16.2% 61.3% 44.2% 64.5%
2008 10.1% 58.5% 40.6% 50.6%
2007 8.66% 60.8% 38.4% 43%
2006 13.2% 95.2% 38.2% 41.9%
2005 11% 97.9% 38.3% 40.9%
2004 13% 86.9% 37.9% 39.7%
2003 14.7% 81.6% 37% 36.6%
2002 14.4% 82.6% 35.8% 35.3%
2001 14.9% 90.4% 34.5% 34.8%
2000 12.6% 91.5% 33.8% 37.5%
1999 11.6% 92.3% 33.7% 40.3%
1998 10.3% 75.9% 34.3% 41.8%
1997 12.6% 67.9% 34.7% 43.9%
1996 12% 67.7% 35.6% 43.5%
1995 12.7% 66.5% 37.5% 43.5%
1994 12.6% 71.3% 37.4% 40.6%
1993 13.3% 68.9% 37.6% 37.8%
1992 13.8% 62% 37.7% 33.1%
1991 16.3% 70.9% 35.7% 28.4%
1990 18.7% 71.6% 34.9% 28.4%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2025, Guinea's government spending was $7.13B, accounting for 25.2% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.75T, or 43.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 48.1% in Guinea and 102.3% in the United Kingdom, ranking 111/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Guinea

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Guinea United Kingdom
2025 -7% -5.38%
2024 -4.99% -6.06%
2023 -3.86% -6.05%
2022 -1.88% -4.6%
2021 -1.7% -7.54%
2020 -3.08% -12.9%
2019 -0.17% -2.38%
2018 -0.97% -2.23%
2017 -1.98% -2.48%
2016 -0.08% -3.28%
2015 -6.53% -4.53%
2014 -3.01% -5.47%
2013 -3.86% -5.29%
2012 23.7% -7.96%
2011 -0.92% -7.42%
2010 -9.66% -9.25%
2009 -4.87% -9.97%
2008 0.38% -5.05%
2007 1.28% -2.63%
2006 -2.13% -2.74%
2005 -1.06% -3.13%
2004 -3.85% -3.14%
2003 -4.65% -3.19%
2002 -3.37% -1.95%
2001 -3.23% 0.34%
2000 -2.42% 1.4%
1999 -1.3% 0.76%
1998 2.46% -0.21%
1997 0.07% -2%
1996 -2.2% -3.63%
1995 -1.07% -4.97%
1994 -2.59% -5.72%
1993 -2.33% -6.6%
1992 -0.89% -5.39%
1991 -3.25% -2.76%
1990 -3.76% -1.53%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2025, Guinea's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.98B, equivalent to 7% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $215B, or 5.38% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Guinea recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 33 years. On average, Guinea posted an annual deficit equal to 1.8% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.3% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Guinea

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Guinea United Kingdom
2025 3.1% 3.88%
2024 4.5% 3.27%
2023 5.4% 6.79%
2022 10.5% 7.92%
2021 12.6% 2.52%
2020 10.6% 0.99%
2019 9.5% 1.74%
2018 9.8% 2.29%
2017 8.9% 2.56%
2016 8.2% 1.01%
2015 8.2% 0.37%
2014 9.7% 1.45%
2013 11.9% 2.29%
2012 15.2% 2.57%
2011 21.4% 3.86%
2010 15.5% 2.49%
2009 4.7% 1.96%
2008 18.4% 3.52%
2007 22.9% 2.39%
2006 34.7% 2.46%
2005 31.4% 2.09%
2004 17.5% 1.39%
2003 11% 1.38%
2002 3% 1.52%
2001 5.4% 1.53%
2000 6.8% 1.18%
1999 4.6% 1.75%
1998 5.1% 1.82%
1997 1.9% 2.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Guinea has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.5%, compared with 2.46% in the United Kingdom. In 2025, inflation was 3.1% in Guinea and 3.88% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Guinea
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $58K
Machinery & equipment $42K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $39K
Miscellaneous $9K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $40.5M
Chemicals & pharma $5.41M
Raw materials & minerals $4.49M
Metals $3.08M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.6M
Animal & marine products $2.34M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.23M
Miscellaneous $370K
Precious metals & jewellery $246K
Raw agricultural goods $165K

Balance of trade

Guinea United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$392M
2024
-$97.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
101/190
2024
189/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.57%
2024
-2.43%
2025
Goods imports
$7.08B
2024
$827B
2025
Goods exports
$11.6B
2024
$506B
2025
Service imports
$3.15B
2024
$450B
2025
Service exports
$71.2M
2024
$720B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
62.3%
2025
31.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.4%
2025
30.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Guinea United Kingdom
Economic freedom 53.1 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 141/197 35/197
Property rights 21.3 93.6
Government integrity 26.7 83
Judicial effectiveness 26 83.1
Tax burden 70.1 61.7
Government spending 90.1 41.1
Fiscal health 74.8 32.4
Business freedom 44.8 83.6
Labor freedom 56.4 61.2
Monetary freedom 75.3 71.9
Trade freedom 61.8 82.8
Investment freedom 50 70
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Guinea
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Guinea United Kingdom
2026 53.1 70.4
2025 54.6 69.3
2024 53.3 68.6
2023 53.2 69.9
2022 54.2 72.7
2021 56.5 78.4
2020 56.5 79.3
2019 55.7 78.9
2018 52.2 78
2017 47.6 76.4
2016 53.3 76.4
2015 52.1 75.8
2014 53.5 74.9
2013 51.2 74.8
2012 50.8 74.1
2011 51.7 74.5
2010 51.8 76.5
2009 51 79
2008 52.8 79.4
2007 54.5 79.9
2006 52.8 80.4
2005 57.4 79.2
2004 56.1 77.7
2003 54.6 77.5
2002 52.9 78.5
2001 58.4 77.6
2000 58.2 77.3
1999 59.4 76.2
1998 61 76.5
1997 52.9 76.4
1996 58.5 76.4
1995 59.4 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Guinea is 53.1, ranking 141/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Guinea United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
35.7%
2025
73.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25.4%
2025
16.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
31.3%
2025
0.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$26.2B
2025
$3.79T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$4,730
2025
$64,210
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.35B
2024
$214B
2025
Total reserves ranking
137/177
2024
19/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.4B
2024
$10.3B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.4B
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30K
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.94%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
47%
2020
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
37%
2025
19.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2016–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.