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Economy of Guinea vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Guinea has a GDP of $25B compared to $3.69T for the United Kingdom, ranking 118/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Guinea has $12.2B in government debt (48.8% of GDP), compared to $3.73T (101.2% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Guinea vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Guinea
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Guinea United Kingdom
2024 $25,008,678,293 $3,686,033,044,482
2023 $22,407,615,556 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $19,910,452,542 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $17,069,115,738 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $14,088,693,743 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $13,442,861,496 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $11,857,030,367 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $10,324,668,271 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $8,595,955,222 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $8,794,201,743 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $8,778,473,373 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $8,376,613,539 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $7,638,044,557 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $6,785,137,203 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $6,853,467,146 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $6,716,905,340 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $6,964,179,983 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $6,281,918,226 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $4,220,019,845 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $4,282,468,637 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $5,300,767,961 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $5,025,167,975 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $4,301,608,753 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $4,125,527,603 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $4,367,458,867 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $5,046,806,783 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $5,232,118,046 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $5,516,916,163 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $5,641,243,100 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $5,385,704,166 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $4,932,800,407 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $4,781,166,117 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $4,789,220,417 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $4,396,178,694 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $3,888,320,666 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $3,546,079,263 $926,884,816,754
1988 $3,476,480,303 $910,122,732,124
1987 $2,976,714,019 $745,162,608,269
1986 $2,909,130,355 $601,452,653,181
1985 $22,787,644,566 $489,285,164,271
1984 $18,421,497,251 $461,487,097,632
1983 $15,129,893,722 $489,618,008,186
1982 $11,926,032,493 $515,048,916,841
1981 $9,646,440,667 $540,765,675,241
1980 $9,746,524,915 $564,947,710,899
1979 $8,877,094,497 $438,994,070,309
1978 $8,087,305,999 $335,883,029,722
1977 $6,914,381,291 $263,066,457,352
1976 $6,762,781,871 $232,614,555,256
1975 $6,102,769,605 $241,756,637,168
1974 $5,691,417,541 $206,131,369,799
1973 $5,152,080,388 $192,537,971,583
1972 $4,203,069,035 $169,965,034,965
1971 $3,594,302,908 $148,113,896,325
1970 $3,220,224,608 $130,671,946,244
1969 - $116,464,702,803
1968 - $107,759,910,068
1967 - $113,116,888,211
1966 - $108,572,752,102
1965 - $101,824,755,079
1964 - $94,407,558,351
1963 - $86,561,961,812
1962 - $81,247,564,157
1961 - $77,741,965,703
1960 - $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Guinea vs United Kingdom by year

Guinea
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Guinea United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $1,695 $4,565 $53,246 $62,009
2023 $1,555 $4,334 $49,944 $59,911
2022 $1,417 $4,062 $47,057 $59,022
2021 $1,245 $3,739 $47,691 $51,004
2020 $1,054 $3,332 $40,813 $48,230
2019 $1,031 $3,106 $43,159 $50,065
2018 $933 $2,844 $43,703 $47,212
2017 $834 $2,687 $40,917 $46,113
2016 $712 $2,255 $41,258 $44,085
2015 $747 $1,930 $45,255 $42,515
2014 $765 $1,873 $47,746 $41,267
2013 $748 $1,842 $43,607 $39,948
2012 $699 $1,790 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $637 $1,705 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $659 $1,622 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $662 $1,567 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $704 $1,614 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $650 $1,558 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $447 $1,453 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $463 $1,422 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $585 $1,366 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $566 $1,328 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $496 $1,315 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $483 $1,251 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $518 $1,196 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $611 $1,163 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $647 $1,130 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $696 $1,099 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $726 $1,048 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $713 $1,014 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $672 $976 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $671 $947 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $693 $908 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $656 $887 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $604 $871 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $570 - $16,239 -
1988 $574 - $15,987 -
1987 $505 - $13,119 -
1986 $506 - $10,611 -
1985 $4,062 - $8,652 -
1984 $3,362 - $8,179 -
1983 $2,823 - $8,692 -
1982 $2,273 - $9,146 -
1981 $1,876 - $9,599 -
1980 $1,931 - $10,032 -
1979 $1,790 - $7,805 -
1978 $1,658 - $5,977 -
1977 $1,440 - $4,681 -
1976 $1,431 - $4,138 -
1975 $1,311 - $4,300 -
1974 $1,243 - $3,666 -
1973 $1,143 - $3,426 -
1972 $948 - $3,030 -
1971 $825 - $2,650 -
1970 $753 - $2,348 -
1969 - - $2,101 -
1968 - - $1,952 -
1967 - - $2,059 -
1966 - - $1,987 -
1965 - - $1,874 -
1964 - - $1,748 -
1963 - - $1,613 -
1962 - - $1,526 -
1961 - - $1,472 -
1960 - - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

Guinea's GDP per capita is $1,695, ranking 160/197, compared to $53,246 in the United Kingdom, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Guinea ranks 161st at $4,565, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Guinea United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$25B
2024
$3.69T
2024
GDP rank
118/197
2024
6/197
2024
GDP growth
5.35%
2023-2024
1.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$1,695
2024
$53,246
2024
GDP per capita rank
160/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$4,565
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
161/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$12.2B
2024
$3.73T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
48.8%
2024
101.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$828
2024
$53,900
2024
Government debt per person rank
147/185
2024
7/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$20,020
2026
$39,230
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,624,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
55
2025
Income share by richest 10%
23.1%
2018
24.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2018
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
20.6%
2024
44%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.7%
2023-2024
3.27%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.02%
2019
4.36%
2024
Population
15546235
70154914

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Guinea
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Guinea United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 20.6% 48.8% 44% 101.2%
2023 18.3% 40.4% 44.8% 100.4%
2022 15.7% 37.9% 44.1% 99.6%
2021 15.1% 40.6% 45.8% 105.1%
2020 17.1% 45.3% 50% 105.8%
2019 14.9% 37.3% 38.8% 85.7%
2018 15.9% 37.5% 38.9% 86.3%
2017 17.3% 39.9% 39.2% 86.7%
2016 16.1% 40.6% 39.6% 87.8%
2015 21.7% 41.5% 40.4% 87.9%
2014 20.1% 32.1% 41.2% 87.1%
2013 18.6% 30.5% 41.8% 85.3%
2012 19.6% 26.9% 43.6% 84.5%
2011 16% 53.8% 43.5% 81.4%
2010 20.5% 71.1% 44.7% 75.9%
2009 16.2% 61.3% 44.6% 64.9%
2008 10.1% 58.5% 41% 50.8%
2007 8.66% 60.8% 38.7% 43.2%
2006 13.2% 95.2% 38.4% 42.1%
2005 11% 97.9% 38.4% 41%
2004 13% 86.9% 38% 39.8%
2003 14.7% 81.6% 37.2% 36.8%
2002 14.4% 82.6% 35.9% 35.4%
2001 14.9% 90.4% 34.7% 35%
2000 12.6% 91.5% 33.9% 37.7%
1999 11.6% 92.3% 33.9% 40.4%
1998 10.3% 75.9% 34.5% 42%
1997 12.6% 67.9% 34.9% 44.1%
1996 12% 67.7% 35.7% 43.7%
1995 12.7% 66.5% 37.6% 43.7%
1994 12.6% 71.3% 37.5% 40.7%
1993 13.3% 68.9% 37.8% 38%
1992 13.8% 62% 37.8% 33.2%
1991 16.3% 70.9% 35.9% 28.5%
1990 18.7% 71.6% 35% 28.5%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Guinea's government spending was $5.14B, accounting for 20.6% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.62T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 48.8% in Guinea and 101.2% in the United Kingdom, ranking 111/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Guinea

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Guinea United Kingdom
2024 -4.99% -5.75%
2023 -3.86% -6.05%
2022 -1.88% -4.56%
2021 -1.7% -7.72%
2020 -3.08% -13.2%
2019 -0.17% -2.47%
2018 -0.97% -2.27%
2017 -1.98% -2.49%
2016 -0.08% -3.31%
2015 -6.53% -4.59%
2014 -3.01% -5.53%
2013 -3.86% -5.34%
2012 23.7% -7.45%
2011 -0.92% -7.38%
2010 -9.66% -9.22%
2009 -4.87% -10.1%
2008 0.38% -5.09%
2007 1.28% -2.65%
2006 -2.13% -2.76%
2005 -1.06% -3.15%
2004 -3.85% -3.16%
2003 -4.65% -3.22%
2002 -3.37% -1.96%
2001 -3.23% 0.34%
2000 -2.42% 1.4%
1999 -1.3% 0.76%
1998 2.46% -0.21%
1997 0.07% -2.01%
1996 -2.2% -3.65%
1995 -1.07% -4.99%
1994 -2.59% -5.74%
1993 -2.33% -6.62%
1992 -0.89% -5.41%
1991 -3.25% -2.77%
1990 -3.76% -1.54%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Guinea's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.25B, equivalent to 4.99% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $212B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Guinea recorded a fiscal deficit in 30 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Guinea posted an annual deficit equal to 1.65% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.28% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Guinea

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Guinea United Kingdom
2024 4.7% 3.27%
2023 5.4% 6.79%
2022 10.5% 7.92%
2021 12.6% 2.52%
2020 10.6% 0.99%
2019 9.5% 1.74%
2018 9.8% 2.29%
2017 8.9% 2.56%
2016 8.2% 1.01%
2015 8.2% 0.37%
2014 9.7% 1.45%
2013 11.9% 2.29%
2012 15.2% 2.57%
2011 21.4% 3.86%
2010 15.5% 2.49%
2009 4.7% 1.96%
2008 18.4% 3.52%
2007 22.9% 2.39%
2006 34.7% 2.46%
2005 31.4% 2.09%
2004 17.5% 1.39%
2003 11% 1.38%
2002 3% 1.52%
2001 5.4% 1.53%
2000 6.8% 1.18%
1999 4.6% 1.75%
1998 5.1% 1.82%
1997 1.9% 2.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Guinea has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.8%, compared with 2.4% in the United Kingdom. In 2024, inflation was 4.7% in Guinea and 3.27% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Guinea
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $58K
Machinery & equipment $42K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $39K
Miscellaneous $9K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $28M
Raw materials & minerals $5.8M
Chemicals & pharma $4.55M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.5M
Metals $2.39M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.85M
Animal & marine products $1.72M
Wood & paper products $245K
Miscellaneous $194K
Raw agricultural goods $165K

Balance of trade

Guinea United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$392M
2024
-$80.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
104/190
2024
189/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.57%
2024
-2.19%
2024
Goods imports
$7.08B
2024
$763B
2024
Goods exports
$11.6B
2024
$494B
2024
Service imports
$3.15B
2024
$411B
2024
Service exports
$71.2M
2024
$648B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
56.4%
2024
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.4%
2024
31%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Guinea United Kingdom
Economic freedom 53.1 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 141/197 35/197
Property rights 21.3 93.6
Government integrity 26.7 83
Judicial effectiveness 26 83.1
Tax burden 70.1 61.7
Government spending 90.1 41.1
Fiscal health 74.8 32.4
Business freedom 44.8 83.6
Labor freedom 56.4 61.2
Monetary freedom 75.3 71.9
Trade freedom 61.8 82.8
Investment freedom 50 70
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Guinea
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Guinea United Kingdom
2026 53.1 70.4
2025 54.6 69.3
2024 53.3 68.6
2023 53.2 69.9
2022 54.2 72.7
2021 56.5 78.4
2020 56.5 79.3
2019 55.7 78.9
2018 52.2 78
2017 47.6 76.4
2016 53.3 76.4
2015 52.1 75.8
2014 53.5 74.9
2013 51.2 74.8
2012 50.8 74.1
2011 51.7 74.5
2010 51.8 76.5
2009 51 79
2008 52.8 79.4
2007 54.5 79.9
2006 52.8 80.4
2005 57.4 79.2
2004 56.1 77.7
2003 54.6 77.5
2002 52.9 78.5
2001 58.4 77.6
2000 58.2 77.3
1999 59.4 76.2
1998 61 76.5
1997 52.9 76.4
1996 58.5 76.4
1995 59.4 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Guinea is 53.1, ranking 141/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Guinea United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
36.3%
2024
72.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.1%
2024
17.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
31%
2024
0.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$21.3B
2024
$3.42T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$4,130
2024
$61,460
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.89B
2023
$175B
2024
Total reserves ranking
128/177
2023
19/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.4B
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.4B
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30K
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.94%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
47%
2020
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.1%
2024
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2016–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.