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Economy of Barbados vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Barbados has a GDP of $7.5B compared to $3.69T for the United Kingdom, ranking 157/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Barbados has $7.97B in government debt (106.3% of GDP), compared to $3.73T (101.2% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Barbados vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Barbados
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Barbados United Kingdom
2024 $7,498,050,000 $3,686,033,044,482
2023 $7,223,250,000 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $6,884,900,000 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $5,947,550,000 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $5,407,050,000 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $6,161,850,000 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $6,001,950,000 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $5,683,150,000 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $5,674,600,000 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $5,698,150,000 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $5,620,600,000 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $5,667,200,000 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $5,761,450,000 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $5,663,100,000 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $5,672,900,000 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $4,466,809,600 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $4,790,410,400 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $4,675,767,950 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $4,217,323,400 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $3,819,500,000 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $3,444,500,000 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $3,209,500,000 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $3,106,500,000 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $3,054,500,000 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $3,059,500,000 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $2,951,822,205 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $2,817,083,478 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $2,498,384,130 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $2,363,645,403 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $2,216,974,096 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $2,151,344,901 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $2,063,342,117 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $1,957,000,000 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $2,020,583,702 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $2,012,131,457 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $2,006,165,167 $926,884,816,754
1988 $1,812,757,918 $910,122,732,124
1987 $1,704,370,308 $745,162,608,269
1986 $1,547,755,183 $601,452,653,181
1985 $1,409,536,121 $489,285,164,271
1984 $1,346,890,071 $461,487,097,632
1983 $1,236,016,507 $489,618,008,186
1982 $1,163,923,830 $515,048,916,841
1981 $1,114,204,743 $540,765,675,241
1980 $1,012,280,615 $564,947,710,899
1979 $670,362,452 $438,994,070,309
1978 $552,883,707 $335,883,029,722
1977 $495,097,668 $263,066,457,352
1976 $435,911,269 $232,614,555,256
1975 $402,178,605 $241,756,637,168
1974 $311,804,630 $206,131,369,799
1973 $260,767,828 $192,537,971,583
1972 $213,725,217 $169,965,034,965
1971 $186,826,503 $148,113,896,325
1970 $166,210,203 $130,671,946,244
1969 $141,393,142 $116,464,702,803
1968 $125,733,669 $107,759,910,068
1967 $125,554,009 $113,116,888,211
1966 $113,195,123 $108,572,752,102
1965 $105,021,997 $101,824,755,079
1964 $99,252,731 $94,407,558,351
1963 $99,893,761 $86,561,961,812
1962 $88,782,583 $81,247,564,157
1961 $85,363,759 $77,741,965,703
1960 $80,021,847 $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Barbados vs United Kingdom by year

Barbados
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Barbados United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $26,545 $24,823 $53,246 $62,009
2023 $25,584 $23,660 $49,944 $59,911
2022 $24,387 $22,193 $47,057 $59,022
2021 $21,080 $17,683 $47,691 $51,004
2020 $19,194 $16,555 $40,813 $48,230
2019 $21,912 $19,971 $43,159 $50,065
2018 $21,381 $19,777 $43,703 $47,212
2017 $20,285 $18,437 $40,917 $46,113
2016 $20,296 $19,176 $41,258 $44,085
2015 $20,424 $19,186 $45,255 $42,515
2014 $20,193 $18,595 $47,746 $41,267
2013 $20,410 $19,032 $43,607 $39,948
2012 $20,804 $19,605 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $20,508 $20,316 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $20,611 $20,033 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $16,295 $20,324 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $17,566 $21,376 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $17,235 $20,949 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $15,620 $20,076 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $14,214 $18,450 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $12,886 $17,299 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $12,076 $16,707 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $11,760 $16,133 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $11,640 $15,866 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $11,675 $15,914 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $11,244 $14,873 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $10,734 $14,621 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $9,522 $13,941 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $9,012 $13,090 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $8,460 $12,375 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $8,223 $11,900 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $7,905 $11,448 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $7,519 $11,127 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $7,790 $11,576 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $7,781 $11,687 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $7,773 - $16,239 -
1988 $7,033 - $15,987 -
1987 $6,625 - $13,119 -
1986 $6,031 - $10,611 -
1985 $5,510 - $8,652 -
1984 $5,284 - $8,179 -
1983 $4,866 - $8,692 -
1982 $4,599 - $9,146 -
1981 $4,417 - $9,599 -
1980 $4,025 - $10,032 -
1979 $2,668 - $7,805 -
1978 $2,198 - $5,977 -
1977 $1,968 - $4,681 -
1976 $1,734 - $4,138 -
1975 $1,601 - $4,300 -
1974 $1,243 - $3,666 -
1973 $1,042 - $3,426 -
1972 $856 - $3,030 -
1971 $750 - $2,650 -
1970 $666 - $2,348 -
1969 $567 - $2,101 -
1968 $506 - $1,952 -
1967 $508 - $2,059 -
1966 $462 - $1,987 -
1965 $433 - $1,874 -
1964 $414 - $1,748 -
1963 $421 - $1,613 -
1962 $377 - $1,526 -
1961 $366 - $1,472 -
1960 $347 - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/united-kingdom | CC BY

Barbados' GDP per capita is $26,545, ranking 46/197, compared to $53,246 in the United Kingdom, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Barbados ranks 84th at $24,823, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Barbados United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$7.5B
2024
$3.69T
2024
GDP rank
157/197
2024
6/197
2024
GDP growth
2.48%
2023-2024
1.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$26,545
2024
$53,246
2024
GDP per capita rank
46/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$24,823
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
84/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$7.97B
2024
$3.73T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
106.3%
2024
101.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$28,218
2024
$53,900
2024
Government debt per person rank
26/185
2024
7/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$18,869
2026
$39,230
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.78B
2020
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,624,000
2025
Number of billionaires
1
2025
55
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25.8%
2016
24.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
2.5%
2016
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
30.2%
2024
44%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
-0.44%
2023-2024
3.27%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2%
2020
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.54%
2023
4.36%
2024
Population
282798
70154914

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Barbados
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Barbados United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 30.2% 106.3% 44% 101.2%
2023 28.8% 113.4% 44.8% 100.4%
2022 30.3% 116.9% 44.1% 99.6%
2021 32.5% 130.2% 45.8% 105.1%
2020 30.3% 128.4% 50% 105.8%
2019 23.9% 109.5% 38.8% 85.7%
2018 26.9% 115% 38.9% 86.3%
2017 29.8% 143.6% 39.2% 86.7%
2016 30.7% 136.5% 39.6% 87.8%
2015 31.4% 131.9% 40.4% 87.9%
2014 29% 122% 41.2% 87.1%
2013 30.8% 118.6% 41.8% 85.3%
2012 30.6% 109.4% 43.6% 84.5%
2011 27.7% 98.7% 43.5% 81.4%
2010 29.7% 96% 44.7% 75.9%
2009 29.5% 88.5% 44.6% 64.9%
2008 28.1% 72.6% 41% 50.8%
2007 27.8% 69% 38.7% 43.2%
2006 27.2% 69.8% 38.4% 42.1%
2005 28.7% 68.2% 38.4% 41%
2004 28.5% 66.5% 38% 39.8%
2003 29.8% 66.6% 37.2% 36.8%
2002 31% 66.1% 35.9% 35.4%
2001 22% 62.6% 34.7% 35%
2000 20.8% 56.6% 33.9% 37.7%
1999 19.7% 50.1% 33.9% 40.4%
1998 19% 50.5% 34.5% 42%
1997 21.5% 56.9% 34.9% 44.1%
1996 20.5% 56.1% 35.7% 43.7%
1995 18.6% 55.9% 37.6% 43.7%
1994 17% 55% 37.5% 40.7%
1993 - - 37.8% 38%
1992 - - 37.8% 33.2%
1991 - - 35.9% 28.5%
1990 - - 35% 28.5%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Barbados' government spending was $2.26B, accounting for 30.2% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.62T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 106.3% in Barbados and 101.2% in the United Kingdom, ranking 18/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Barbados

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Barbados United Kingdom
2024 -0.89% -5.75%
2023 -1.71% -6.05%
2022 -1.96% -4.56%
2021 -4.65% -7.72%
2020 -4.16% -13.2%
2019 3.08% -2.47%
2018 -0.34% -2.27%
2017 -3.89% -2.49%
2016 -4.88% -3.31%
2015 -8.16% -4.59%
2014 -6.57% -5.53%
2013 -8.98% -5.34%
2012 -7.07% -7.45%
2011 -3.63% -7.38%
2010 -7.55% -9.22%
2009 -6.56% -10.1%
2008 -4.1% -5.09%
2007 -4.34% -2.65%
2006 -3.41% -2.76%
2005 -3.03% -3.15%
2004 -2.97% -3.16%
2003 -3.08% -3.22%
2002 -5.28% -1.96%
2001 4.07% 0.34%
2000 4.94% 1.4%
1999 5.39% 0.76%
1998 6.03% -0.21%
1997 5.64% -2.01%
1996 3.76% -3.65%
1995 6.22% -4.99%
1994 6.72% -5.74%
1993 - -6.62%
1992 - -5.41%
1991 - -2.77%
1990 - -1.54%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Barbados' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $66.8M, equivalent to 0.89% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $212B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 31 years, Barbados recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Barbados posted an annual deficit equal to 1.66% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.31% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Barbados

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Barbados United Kingdom
2024 -0.44% 3.27%
2023 9.79% 6.79%
2022 - 7.92%
2021 - 2.52%
2020 - 0.99%
2019 4.1% 1.74%
2018 3.67% 2.29%
2017 4.66% 2.56%
2016 1.28% 1.01%
2015 -1.11% 0.37%
2014 1.77% 1.45%
2013 1.81% 2.29%
2012 4.53% 2.57%
2011 9.43% 3.86%
2010 5.82% 2.49%
2009 3.64% 1.96%
2008 8.11% 3.52%
2007 4.03% 2.39%
2006 7.31% 2.46%
2005 6.08% 2.09%
2004 1.39% 1.39%
2003 1.62% 1.38%
2002 0.13% 1.52%
2001 2.58% 1.53%
2000 2.44% 1.18%
1999 1.56% 1.75%
1998 -1.27% 1.82%
1997 7.71% 2.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Barbados has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.63%, compared with 2.4% in the United Kingdom. In 2024, inflation was -0.44% in Barbados and 3.27% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Barbados
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.88M
Machinery & equipment $3.5M
Metals $204K
Textiles & consumer goods $201K
Precious metals & jewellery $176K
Miscellaneous $160K
Animal & marine products $71K
Raw agricultural goods $60K
Chemicals & pharma $41K
Wood & paper products $16K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $32.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $11.7M
Chemicals & pharma $11M
Animal & marine products $9.53M
Textiles & consumer goods $6.81M
Metals $5.98M
Wood & paper products $4.04M
Raw materials & minerals $1.49M
Precious metals & jewellery $958K
Miscellaneous $906K

Balance of trade

Barbados United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$296M
2017
-$80.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
100/190
2017
189/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-5.22%
2017
-2.19%
2024
Goods imports
$1.53B
2017
$763B
2024
Goods exports
$705M
2017
$494B
2024
Service imports
$687M
2017
$411B
2024
Service exports
$1.52B
2017
$648B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP n/a
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
14.5%
2025
31%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Barbados United Kingdom
Economic freedom 70.4 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 34/197 35/197
Property rights 76.4 93.6
Government integrity 71.3 83
Judicial effectiveness 87.3 83.1
Tax burden 83.2 61.7
Government spending 74.5 41.1
Fiscal health 76.5 32.4
Business freedom 72.3 83.6
Labor freedom 54.3 61.2
Monetary freedom 80.8 71.9
Trade freedom 48.2 82.8
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Barbados
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Barbados United Kingdom
2026 70.4 70.4
2025 68.9 69.3
2024 66.8 68.6
2023 69.8 69.9
2022 71.3 72.7
2021 65 78.4
2020 61.4 79.3
2019 64.7 78.9
2018 57 78
2017 54.5 76.4
2016 68.3 76.4
2015 67.9 75.8
2014 68.3 74.9
2013 69.3 74.8
2012 69 74.1
2011 68.5 74.5
2010 68.3 76.5
2009 71.5 79
2008 71.3 79.4
2007 70 79.9
2006 71.9 80.4
2005 70.1 79.2
2004 69.4 77.7
2003 71.3 77.5
2002 73.6 78.5
2001 71.5 77.6
2000 69.5 77.3
1999 66.7 76.2
1998 67.9 76.5
1997 64.5 76.4
1996 62.3 76.4
1995 - 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Barbados is 70.4, ranking 34/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Barbados United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
75.5%
2024
72.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
12.4%
2024
17.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.58%
2024
0.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$7.1B
2024
$3.42T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$23,850
2024
$61,460
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.65B
2024
$175B
2024
Total reserves ranking
131/177
2024
19/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$208M
2017
$42.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$303M
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$18.6M
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
25.7%
2016
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP n/a
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/barbados/united-kingdom | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.