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Economy of Equatorial Guinea vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Equatorial Guinea has a GDP of $12.8B compared to $3.69T for the United Kingdom, ranking 148/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Equatorial Guinea has $4.65B in government debt (36.4% of GDP), compared to $3.73T (101.2% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Equatorial Guinea vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Equatorial Guinea
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Equatorial Guinea United Kingdom
2024 $12,765,777,677 $3,686,033,044,482
2023 $12,337,550,584 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $13,687,643,436 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $12,215,878,033 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $9,893,816,008 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $11,364,133,550 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $13,097,012,134 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $12,200,913,879 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $11,240,808,848 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $13,185,496,881 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $21,765,453,082 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $21,948,834,284 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $22,388,344,144 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $21,357,343,669 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $16,314,443,436 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $15,027,795,173 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $19,749,893,536 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $13,071,718,759 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $10,086,528,699 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $8,217,369,093 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $4,410,764,339 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $2,484,745,935 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $1,806,742,742 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $1,461,139,022 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $1,045,998,496 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $621,117,886 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $370,687,634 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $442,337,871 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $232,463,023 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $141,853,361 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $100,807,003 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $136,047,906 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $134,707,184 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $110,906,029 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $112,119,411 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $88,265,975 $926,884,816,754
1988 $100,534,657 $910,122,732,124
1987 $93,345,860 $745,162,608,269
1986 $76,407,396 $601,452,653,181
1985 $62,118,570 $489,285,164,271
1984 $50,320,914 $461,487,097,632
1983 $44,442,457 $489,618,008,186
1982 $44,294,648 $515,048,916,841
1981 $36,731,423 $540,765,675,241
1980 $50,642,881 $564,947,710,899
1979 - $438,994,070,309
1978 - $335,883,029,722
1977 $103,987,520 $263,066,457,352
1976 $103,653,050 $232,614,555,256
1975 $104,295,643 $241,756,637,168
1974 $94,159,863 $206,131,369,799
1973 $81,203,227 $192,537,971,583
1972 $65,429,198 $169,965,034,965
1971 $64,946,955 $148,113,896,325
1970 $66,331,429 $130,671,946,244
1969 $67,225,714 $116,464,702,803
1968 $67,514,286 $107,759,910,068
1967 $72,317,447 $113,116,888,211
1966 $69,110,000 $108,572,752,102
1965 $64,748,333 $101,824,755,079
1964 $51,915,000 $94,407,558,351
1963 $44,266,667 $86,561,961,812
1962 $37,253,333 $81,247,564,157
1961 - $77,741,965,703
1960 - $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Equatorial Guinea vs United Kingdom by year

Equatorial Guinea
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Equatorial Guinea United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $6,745 $17,567 $53,246 $62,009
2023 $6,678 $17,412 $49,944 $59,911
2022 $7,589 $18,140 $47,057 $59,022
2021 $6,946 $16,821 $47,691 $51,004
2020 $5,764 $13,677 $40,813 $48,230
2019 $6,804 $16,451 $43,159 $50,065
2018 $8,102 $18,413 $43,703 $47,212
2017 $7,809 $18,435 $40,917 $46,113
2016 $7,453 $16,649 $41,258 $44,085
2015 $9,069 $19,479 $45,255 $42,515
2014 $15,549 $27,177 $47,746 $41,267
2013 $16,304 $27,910 $43,607 $39,948
2012 $17,309 $30,012 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $17,198 $27,242 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $13,720 $26,168 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $13,233 $29,722 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $18,211 $30,523 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $12,617 $26,611 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $10,185 $23,511 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $8,674 $22,137 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $4,901 $19,354 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $2,931 $14,496 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $2,264 $13,255 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $1,949 $11,627 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $1,487 $7,420 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $931 $6,470 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $578 $5,280 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $717 $4,387 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $392 $1,793 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $248.3 $1,098 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $183.2 $951 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $256.7 $828 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $263.7 $756 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $225.3 $569 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $236.4 $577 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $193.2 - $16,239 -
1988 $228.7 - $15,987 -
1987 $220.9 - $13,119 -
1986 $188.8 - $10,611 -
1985 $161.1 - $8,652 -
1984 $137.9 - $8,179 -
1983 $129.4 - $8,692 -
1982 $137.5 - $9,146 -
1981 $121.1 - $9,599 -
1980 $175.5 - $10,032 -
1979 - - $7,805 -
1978 - - $5,977 -
1977 $376 - $4,681 -
1976 $369 - $4,138 -
1975 $362 - $4,300 -
1974 $319 - $3,666 -
1973 $268.6 - $3,426 -
1972 $211.4 - $3,030 -
1971 $205.6 - $2,650 -
1970 $206.8 - $2,348 -
1969 $208.4 - $2,101 -
1968 $211.7 - $1,952 -
1967 $231.9 - $2,059 -
1966 $226.7 - $1,987 -
1965 $217.1 - $1,874 -
1964 $177.8 - $1,748 -
1963 $154.8 - $1,613 -
1962 $132.9 - $1,526 -
1961 - - $1,472 -
1960 - - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

Equatorial Guinea's GDP per capita is $6,745, ranking 106/197, compared to $53,246 in the United Kingdom, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Equatorial Guinea ranks 106th at $17,567, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Equatorial Guinea United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$12.8B
2024
$3.69T
2024
GDP rank
148/197
2024
6/197
2024
GDP growth
0.91%
2023-2024
1.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$6,745
2024
$53,246
2024
GDP per capita rank
106/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$17,567
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
106/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$4.65B
2024
$3.73T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
36.4%
2024
101.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,458
2024
$53,900
2024
Government debt per person rank
110/185
2024
7/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,042
2026
$39,230
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,624,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
55
2025
Income share by richest 10%
29.1%
2022
24.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
2.6%
2022
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
18.5%
2024
44%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.4%
2023-2024
3.27%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
8.6%
2014
4.36%
2024
Population
1998075
70154914

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Equatorial Guinea
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Equatorial Guinea United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 18.5% 36.4% 44% 101.2%
2023 19.2% 39.1% 44.8% 100.4%
2022 14.8% 29.8% 44.1% 99.6%
2021 12.7% 42.3% 45.8% 105.1%
2020 16.2% 49.4% 50% 105.8%
2019 16.8% 43.2% 38.8% 85.7%
2018 19.1% 40.6% 38.9% 86.3%
2017 20.1% 36.2% 39.2% 86.7%
2016 27.8% 41.1% 39.6% 87.8%
2015 41.6% 31.7% 40.4% 87.9%
2014 31.6% 12.6% 41.2% 87.1%
2013 29.3% 6.27% 41.8% 85.3%
2012 35.2% 7.1% 43.6% 84.5%
2011 27.5% 7.17% 43.5% 81.4%
2010 31.2% 7.89% 44.7% 75.9%
2009 39.8% 4.34% 44.6% 64.9%
2008 19.9% 0.49% 41% 50.8%
2007 19.7% 0.75% 38.7% 43.2%
2006 18.1% 1.22% 38.4% 42.1%
2005 14.1% 2.85% 38.4% 41%
2004 15.5% 4.54% 38% 39.8%
2003 11.8% 6.77% 37.2% 36.8%
2002 11.3% 19.4% 35.9% 35.4%
2001 13.5% 25.5% 34.7% 35%
2000 22.6% 36.6% 33.9% 37.7%
1999 18.7% 60.5% 33.9% 40.4%
1998 35.1% 59.2% 34.5% 42%
1997 14.8% 46.3% 34.9% 44.1%
1996 22.9% 91.2% 35.7% 43.7%
1995 141.5% 136.9% 37.6% 43.7%
1994 510% 216% 37.5% 40.7%
1993 256.3% 152.6% 37.8% 38%
1992 595% 136.9% 37.8% 33.2%
1991 284.5% 169.5% 35.9% 28.5%
1990 212.9% 157% 35% 28.5%
1989 116.8% 187% 39.7% 31.4%
1988 227.9% 154.5% 40.3% 36.6%
1987 183% 141.3% 42.7% 41.8%
1986 119% 152.5% 44.6% 42.9%
1985 115.4% 183.8% 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Equatorial Guinea's government spending was $2.36B, accounting for 18.5% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.62T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 36.4% in Equatorial Guinea and 101.2% in the United Kingdom, ranking 143/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Equatorial Guinea

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Equatorial Guinea United Kingdom
2024 -0.55% -5.75%
2023 2.39% -6.05%
2022 11.7% -4.56%
2021 2.65% -7.72%
2020 -1.77% -13.2%
2019 1.82% -2.47%
2018 0.52% -2.27%
2017 -2.59% -2.49%
2016 -10.9% -3.31%
2015 -15.1% -4.59%
2014 -7.54% -5.53%
2013 -4.4% -5.34%
2012 -7.24% -7.45%
2011 0.83% -7.38%
2010 -4.53% -9.22%
2009 -6.47% -10.1%
2008 14.6% -5.09%
2007 17.2% -2.65%
2006 21.8% -2.76%
2005 18.5% -3.15%
2004 9.22% -3.16%
2003 9.99% -3.22%
2002 17.6% -1.96%
2001 14.9% 0.34%
2000 -2.67% 1.4%
1999 -0.19% 0.76%
1998 -7.65% -0.21%
1997 3.21% -2.01%
1996 -6.36% -3.65%
1995 -123.4% -4.99%
1994 -487% -5.74%
1993 -217.9% -6.62%
1992 -557% -5.41%
1991 -236% -2.77%
1990 -160.2% -1.54%
1989 -76.2% 0.77%
1988 -208.5% 0.46%
1987 -158% -1.79%
1986 -97.3% -2.56%
1985 -89.3% -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Equatorial Guinea's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $70.8M, equivalent to 0.55% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $212B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 40 years, Equatorial Guinea recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, Equatorial Guinea posted an annual deficit equal to 58.6% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.96% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Equatorial Guinea

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Equatorial Guinea United Kingdom
2024 3.4% 3.27%
2023 2.4% 6.79%
2022 4.9% 7.92%
2021 -0.1% 2.52%
2020 4.8% 0.99%
2019 1.2% 1.74%
2018 1.3% 2.29%
2017 0.7% 2.56%
2016 1.4% 1.01%
2015 1.7% 0.37%
2014 4.3% 1.45%
2013 3.2% 2.29%
2012 3.4% 2.57%
2011 4.8% 3.86%
2010 5.3% 2.49%
2009 5.7% 1.96%
2008 4.7% 3.52%
2007 2.8% 2.39%
2006 4.5% 2.46%
2005 5.6% 2.09%
2004 4.2% 1.39%
2003 7.3% 1.38%
2002 7.6% 1.52%
2001 8.7% 1.53%
2000 4.8% 1.18%
1999 0.4% 1.75%
1998 7.9% 1.82%
1997 3% 2.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Equatorial Guinea has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.93%, compared with 2.4% in the United Kingdom. In 2024, inflation was 3.4% in Equatorial Guinea and 3.27% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Equatorial Guinea
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $129M
Machinery & equipment $23K
Metals $5K
Chemicals & pharma $3K
Textiles & consumer goods $3K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $34.4M
Animal & marine products $6.48M
Metals $5.87M
Chemicals & pharma $4.99M
Raw materials & minerals $3.36M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.34M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $555K
Wood & paper products $103K
Raw agricultural goods $96K
Miscellaneous $48K

Balance of trade

Equatorial Guinea United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$344M
1996
-$80.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
101/190
1996
189/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-148%
1996
-2.19%
2024
Goods imports
$292M
1996
$763B
2024
Goods exports
$175M
1996
$494B
2024
Service imports
$185M
1996
$411B
2024
Service exports
$4.88M
1996
$648B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.4%
2024
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
35.2%
2024
31%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Equatorial Guinea United Kingdom
Economic freedom 47.4 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 175/197 35/197
Property rights 16.9 93.6
Government integrity 6.9 83
Judicial effectiveness 7.2 83.1
Tax burden 81 61.7
Government spending 90.8 41.1
Fiscal health 97.3 32.4
Business freedom 35.9 83.6
Labor freedom 45.2 61.2
Monetary freedom 73.5 71.9
Trade freedom 43.6 82.8
Investment freedom 40 70
Financial freedom 30 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Equatorial Guinea
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Equatorial Guinea United Kingdom
2026 47.4 70.4
2025 47.7 69.3
2024 47.7 68.6
2023 48.3 69.9
2022 47.2 72.7
2021 49.2 78.4
2020 48.3 79.3
2019 41 78.9
2018 42 78
2017 45 76.4
2016 43.7 76.4
2015 40.4 75.8
2014 44.4 74.9
2013 42.3 74.8
2012 42.8 74.1
2011 47.5 74.5
2010 48.6 76.5
2009 51.3 79
2008 51.6 79.4
2007 53.2 79.9
2006 51.5 80.4
2005 53.3 79.2
2004 53.3 77.7
2003 53.1 77.5
2002 46.4 78.5
2001 47.9 77.6
2000 45.6 77.3
1999 45.1 76.2
1998 - 76.5
1997 - 76.4
1996 - 76.4
1995 - 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Equatorial Guinea is 47.4, ranking 175/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Equatorial Guinea United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
51.1%
2024
72.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
45.8%
2024
17.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.15%
2024
0.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$8.96B
2024
$3.42T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$12,330
2024
$61,460
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.54B
2023
$175B
2024
Total reserves ranking
134/177
2023
19/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$376M
1996
$42.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$188M
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$154M
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
50.7%
2022
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
8.96%
2024
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/equatorial-guinea/united-kingdom | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2014, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.