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Economy of Kyrgyzstan vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Kyrgyzstan has a GDP of $22.6B compared to $4T for the United Kingdom, ranking 126/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

Kyrgyzstan has $8.15B in government debt (36% of GDP), compared to $4.1T (102.3% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Kyrgyzstan vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Kyrgyzstan
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Kyrgyzstan United Kingdom
2025 $22,623,752,095 $4,002,587,541,846
2024 $18,161,630,699 $3,695,539,513,534
2023 $15,180,842,369 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $12,134,931,018 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $9,249,133,946 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $8,270,468,614 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $9,371,275,264 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $8,271,106,235 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $7,702,938,379 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $6,813,095,379 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $6,678,177,512 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $7,468,102,413 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $7,335,033,801 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $6,605,142,884 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $6,197,765,984 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $4,794,361,863 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $4,690,061,381 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $5,139,958,909 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $3,802,570,553 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $2,834,168,889 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $2,460,246,766 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $2,211,534,585 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $1,919,008,090 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $1,605,643,105 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $1,525,116,370 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $1,369,688,498 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $1,249,061,487 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $1,645,963,750 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $1,767,864,036 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $1,827,570,586 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $1,661,147,035 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $1,681,780,847 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $2,026,019,253 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $2,315,346,943 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $2,542,256,424 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $2,660,202,623 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 - $926,884,816,754
1988 - $910,122,732,124
1987 - $745,162,608,269
1986 - $601,452,653,181
1985 - $489,285,164,271
1984 - $461,487,097,632
1983 - $489,618,008,186
1982 - $515,048,916,841
1981 - $540,765,675,241
1980 - $564,947,710,899
1979 - $438,994,070,309
1978 - $335,883,029,722
1977 - $263,066,457,352
1976 - $232,614,555,256
1975 - $241,756,637,168
1974 - $206,131,369,799
1973 - $192,537,971,583
1972 - $169,965,034,965
1971 - $148,113,896,325
1970 - $130,671,946,244
1969 - $116,464,702,803
1968 - $107,759,910,068
1967 - $113,116,888,211
1966 - $108,572,752,102
1965 - $101,824,755,079
1964 - $94,407,558,351
1963 - $86,561,961,812
1962 - $81,247,564,157
1961 - $77,741,965,703
1960 - $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/kyrgyzstan/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Kyrgyzstan vs United Kingdom by year

Kyrgyzstan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Kyrgyzstan United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $3,081 - $57,602 -
2024 $2,515 $8,012 $53,341 $62,009
2023 $2,138 $7,298 $49,920 $59,911
2022 $1,740 $6,578 $47,035 $59,022
2021 $1,350 $5,736 $47,696 $51,004
2020 $1,230 $5,179 $40,815 $48,230
2019 $1,422 $5,304 $43,161 $50,065
2018 $1,284 $4,778 $43,704 $47,212
2017 $1,221 $4,954 $40,918 $46,113
2016 $1,103 $4,604 $41,259 $44,085
2015 $1,106 $4,153 $45,256 $42,515
2014 $1,265 $4,228 $47,747 $41,267
2013 $1,270 $4,001 $43,608 $39,948
2012 $1,169 $3,589 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $1,117 $3,278 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $877 $3,076 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $870 $3,097 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $966 $3,031 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $722 $2,770 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $543 $2,508 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $477 $2,386 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $433 $2,343 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $381 $2,158 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $322 $1,998 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $308 $1,986 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $279.6 $1,862 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $258 $1,747 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $345 $1,687 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $376 $1,659 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $395 $1,505 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $364 $1,401 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $372 $1,466 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $449 $1,795 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $513 $2,075 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $570 $2,382 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $606 $2,544 $19,095 $16,505
1989 - - $16,239 -
1988 - - $15,987 -
1987 - - $13,119 -
1986 - - $10,611 -
1985 - - $8,652 -
1984 - - $8,179 -
1983 - - $8,692 -
1982 - - $9,146 -
1981 - - $9,599 -
1980 - - $10,032 -
1979 - - $7,805 -
1978 - - $5,977 -
1977 - - $4,681 -
1976 - - $4,138 -
1975 - - $4,300 -
1974 - - $3,666 -
1973 - - $3,426 -
1972 - - $3,030 -
1971 - - $2,650 -
1970 - - $2,348 -
1969 - - $2,101 -
1968 - - $1,952 -
1967 - - $2,059 -
1966 - - $1,987 -
1965 - - $1,874 -
1964 - - $1,748 -
1963 - - $1,613 -
1962 - - $1,526 -
1961 - - $1,472 -
1960 - - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/kyrgyzstan/united-kingdom | CC BY

Kyrgyzstan's GDP per capita is $3,081, ranking 144/197, compared to $57,602 in the United Kingdom, ranking 21/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Kyrgyzstan ranks 141st at $8,012, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Kyrgyzstan United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$22.6B
2025
$4T
2025
GDP rank
126/197
2025
5/197
2025
GDP growth
11.1%
2024-2025
1.39%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$3,081
2025
$57,602
2025
GDP per capita rank
144/197
2025
21/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$8,012
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
141/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$8.15B
2025
$4.1T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
36%
2025
102.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,110
2025
$58,936
2025
Government debt per person rank
141/185
2025
7/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,331
2026
$43,539
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,428,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
56
2026
Income share by richest 10%
22.9%
2024
25%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
4.2%
2024
2.9%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
38.4%
2025
43.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
8.2%
2024-2025
3.88%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
12%
2026
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.5%
2023
4.9%
2025
Population
7505771
70071289

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Kyrgyzstan
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Kyrgyzstan United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 38.4% 36% 43.6% 102.3%
2024 32.5% 36.2% 43.7% 99.9%
2023 32.9% 42% 44.2% 98.9%
2022 35% 46.8% 43.2% 97.5%
2021 32.1% 56.2% 44.9% 103.4%
2020 32.1% 63.6% 49.3% 104.8%
2019 30.8% 48.8% 38.3% 84.9%
2018 33.1% 54.8% 38.5% 85.6%
2017 37% 58.8% 38.8% 86.1%
2016 38.9% 59.1% 39.3% 87.3%
2015 38.1% 67.1% 40.1% 87.3%
2014 38.5% 53.6% 40.8% 86.5%
2013 38.1% 47.1% 41.6% 84.9%
2012 40.6% 50.5% 43.3% 84.1%
2011 37.4% 50.1% 43.3% 81.1%
2010 37.1% 59.7% 44.5% 75.5%
2009 32.5% 58.5% 44.2% 64.5%
2008 27.9% 49% 40.6% 50.6%
2007 29.6% 57.7% 38.4% 43%
2006 29.1% 73.4% 38.2% 41.9%
2005 29.1% 85.7% 38.3% 40.9%
2004 28.5% 92.7% 37.9% 39.7%
2003 28.1% 108.2% 37% 36.6%
2002 29.3% 107.9% 35.8% 35.3%
2001 28.1% 108.2% 34.5% 34.8%
2000 30.2% 123.3% 33.8% 37.5%
1999 35.9% 119.6% 33.7% 40.3%
1998 35.9% 85.1% 34.3% 41.8%
1997 31.2% 64.8% 34.7% 43.9%
1996 28.6% 57.7% 35.6% 43.5%
1995 37.9% 52.4% 37.5% 43.5%
1994 - - 37.4% 40.6%
1993 - - 37.6% 37.8%
1992 - - 37.7% 33.1%
1991 - - 35.7% 28.4%
1990 - - 34.9% 28.4%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/kyrgyzstan/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2025, Kyrgyzstan's government spending was $8.69B, accounting for 38.4% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.75T, or 43.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 36% in Kyrgyzstan and 102.3% in the United Kingdom, ranking 141/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Kyrgyzstan

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Kyrgyzstan United Kingdom
2025 -0.07% -5.38%
2024 1.71% -6.06%
2023 1.59% -6.05%
2022 -0.29% -4.6%
2021 -0.71% -7.54%
2020 -3.06% -12.9%
2019 -0.07% -2.38%
2018 -0.59% -2.23%
2017 -3.73% -2.48%
2016 -5.79% -3.28%
2015 -2.52% -4.53%
2014 -3.07% -5.47%
2013 -3.7% -5.29%
2012 -5.86% -7.96%
2011 -4.7% -7.42%
2010 -5.95% -9.25%
2009 0.38% -9.97%
2008 1.92% -5.05%
2007 1.28% -2.63%
2006 -2.1% -2.74%
2005 -3.79% -3.13%
2004 -4.89% -3.14%
2003 -5.17% -3.19%
2002 -5.9% -1.95%
2001 -6.75% 0.34%
2000 -10.7% 1.4%
1999 -13.5% 0.76%
1998 -12% -0.21%
1997 -9.31% -2%
1996 -9.1% -3.63%
1995 -13.5% -4.97%
1994 - -5.72%
1993 - -6.6%
1992 - -5.39%
1991 - -2.76%
1990 - -1.53%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/kyrgyzstan/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2025, Kyrgyzstan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $15.1M, equivalent to 0.07% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $215B, or 5.38% of GDP.

Over the past 31 years, Kyrgyzstan recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Kyrgyzstan posted an annual deficit equal to 4.19% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.29% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Kyrgyzstan

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Kyrgyzstan United Kingdom
2025 8.2% 3.88%
2024 5% 3.27%
2023 10.8% 6.79%
2022 13.9% 7.92%
2021 11.9% 2.52%
2020 6.3% 0.99%
2019 1.1% 1.74%
2018 1.5% 2.29%
2017 3.2% 2.56%
2016 0.4% 1.01%
2015 6.5% 0.37%
2014 7.5% 1.45%
2013 6.6% 2.29%
2012 2.8% 2.57%
2011 16.6% 3.86%
2010 8% 2.49%
2009 6.8% 1.96%
2008 24.5% 3.52%
2007 10.2% 2.39%
2006 5.6% 2.46%
2005 4.3% 2.09%
2004 4.1% 1.39%
2003 3% 1.38%
2002 2.1% 1.52%
2001 6.9% 1.53%
2000 19.7% 1.18%
1999 35.9% 1.75%
1998 10.5% 1.82%
1997 23.4% 2.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/kyrgyzstan/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Kyrgyzstan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 9.22%, compared with 2.46% in the United Kingdom. In 2025, inflation was 8.2% in Kyrgyzstan and 3.88% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Kyrgyzstan
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $234M
Precious metals & jewellery $233M
Machinery & equipment $608K
Textiles & consumer goods $120K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $32K
Raw materials & minerals $29K
Metals $4K
Animal & marine products $2K
Chemicals & pharma $1K
Wood & paper products $1K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $33.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $10M
Chemicals & pharma $4.81M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.64M
Wood & paper products $1.6M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.27M
Raw materials & minerals $889K
Raw agricultural goods $471K
Metals $330K
Animal & marine products $69K

Balance of trade

Kyrgyzstan United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$4.11B
2024
-$97.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
159/190
2024
189/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-22.6%
2024
-2.43%
2025
Goods imports
$11.7B
2024
$827B
2025
Goods exports
$5.14B
2024
$506B
2025
Service imports
$3.43B
2024
$450B
2025
Service exports
$3.32B
2024
$720B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
65.6%
2025
31.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
26.8%
2025
30.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Kyrgyzstan United Kingdom
Economic freedom 56 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 126/197 35/197
Property rights 22.9 93.6
Government integrity 23.9 83
Judicial effectiveness 8.3 83.1
Tax burden 93.2 61.7
Government spending 65.6 41.1
Fiscal health 97.2 32.4
Business freedom 58.2 83.6
Labor freedom 52.3 61.2
Monetary freedom 68 71.9
Trade freedom 72.6 82.8
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 50 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Kyrgyzstan
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Kyrgyzstan United Kingdom
2026 56 70.4
2025 55.6 69.3
2024 55.2 68.6
2023 55.8 69.9
2022 55.8 72.7
2021 63.7 78.4
2020 62.9 79.3
2019 62.3 78.9
2018 62.8 78
2017 61.1 76.4
2016 59.6 76.4
2015 61.3 75.8
2014 61.1 74.9
2013 59.6 74.8
2012 60.2 74.1
2011 61.1 74.5
2010 61.3 76.5
2009 61.8 79
2008 61.1 79.4
2007 60.2 79.9
2006 61 80.4
2005 56.6 79.2
2004 58 77.7
2003 56.8 77.5
2002 51.7 78.5
2001 53.7 77.6
2000 55.7 77.3
1999 54.8 76.2
1998 51.8 76.5
1997 - 76.4
1996 - 76.4
1995 - 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/kyrgyzstan/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Kyrgyzstan is 56, ranking 126/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Kyrgyzstan United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
51.2%
2025
73.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
26.5%
2025
16.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8%
2025
0.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$20.6B
2025
$3.79T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$9,120
2025
$64,210
2025
Total reserves including gold
$5.09B
2024
$214B
2025
Total reserves ranking
103/177
2024
19/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$238M
2024
$10.3B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$255M
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$17.4M
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.56%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
25.7%
2024
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
28%
2025
19.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.