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Economy of Algeria vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Algeria has a GDP of $269B compared to $3.69T for the United Kingdom, ranking 51/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Algeria has $129B in government debt (48.1% of GDP), compared to $3.73T (101.2% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Algeria vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Algeria
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Algeria United Kingdom
2024 $269,322,281,665 $3,686,033,044,482
2023 $247,923,887,215 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $225,581,644,703 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $186,231,205,262 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $164,873,415,325 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $193,459,662,091 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $194,554,483,656 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $189,880,896,903 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $180,763,839,522 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $187,493,855,609 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $238,942,664,193 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $229,701,430,292 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $227,143,746,076 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $218,331,946,925 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $177,785,053,940 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $150,317,292,079 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $180,383,848,331 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $142,482,739,810 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $123,084,258,693 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $107,046,618,670 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $91,913,680,985 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $73,482,264,191 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $61,516,103,406 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $59,413,400,924 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $54,790,398,570 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $48,640,671,735 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $48,187,781,984 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $48,177,612,042 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $46,941,554,225 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $41,764,291,672 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $42,543,176,829 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $49,945,584,453 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $48,003,133,347 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $45,715,676,428 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $62,048,507,531 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $55,634,721,573 $926,884,816,754
1988 $59,089,396,860 $910,122,732,124
1987 $66,745,818,375 $745,162,608,269
1986 $63,692,007,897 $601,452,653,181
1985 $57,937,868,670 $489,285,164,271
1984 $53,698,548,293 $461,487,097,632
1983 $48,801,369,800 $489,618,008,186
1982 $45,207,167,470 $515,048,916,841
1981 $44,348,590,461 $540,765,675,241
1980 $42,345,829,079 $564,947,710,899
1979 $33,243,706,860 $438,994,070,309
1978 $26,364,491,313 $335,883,029,722
1977 $20,972,113,685 $263,066,457,352
1976 $17,728,240,932 $232,614,555,256
1975 $15,557,902,754 $241,756,637,168
1974 $13,209,871,626 $206,131,369,799
1973 $8,707,858,912 $192,537,971,583
1972 $6,766,743,957 $169,965,034,965
1971 $5,077,183,094 $148,113,896,325
1970 $4,863,526,897 $130,671,946,244
1969 $4,257,253,264 $116,464,702,803
1968 $3,852,147,027 $107,759,910,068
1967 $3,370,870,376 $113,116,888,211
1966 $3,039,859,187 $108,572,752,102
1965 $3,136,284,307 $101,824,755,079
1964 $2,909,316,435 $94,407,558,351
1963 $2,702,982,018 $86,561,961,812
1962 $2,001,444,544 $81,247,564,157
1961 $2,434,747,056 $77,741,965,703
1960 $2,723,615,451 $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Algeria vs United Kingdom by year

Algeria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Algeria United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $5,753 $17,621 $53,246 $62,009
2023 $5,370 $16,824 $49,944 $59,911
2022 $4,960 $15,836 $47,057 $59,022
2021 $4,161 $14,497 $47,691 $51,004
2020 $3,744 $12,677 $40,813 $48,230
2019 $4,468 $13,893 $43,159 $50,065
2018 $4,577 $13,727 $43,703 $47,212
2017 $4,555 $13,494 $40,917 $46,113
2016 $4,425 $13,438 $41,258 $44,085
2015 $4,685 $13,807 $45,255 $42,515
2014 $6,095 $14,694 $47,746 $41,267
2013 $5,980 $14,371 $43,607 $39,948
2012 $6,034 $14,441 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $5,916 $14,640 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $4,913 $14,201 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $4,235 $13,651 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $5,181 $13,666 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $4,167 $13,321 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $3,661 $12,791 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $3,233 $12,246 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $2,817 $11,432 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $2,284 $10,803 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $1,937 $10,080 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $1,896 $9,544 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $1,773 $9,187 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $1,596 $8,776 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $1,603 $8,503 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $1,629 $8,129 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $1,617 $8,053 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $1,467 $7,747 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $1,526 $7,463 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $1,831 $7,538 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $1,803 $7,705 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $1,759 $7,582 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $2,445 $7,602 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $2,247 - $16,239 -
1988 $2,451 - $15,987 -
1987 $2,847 - $13,119 -
1986 $2,800 - $10,611 -
1985 $2,633 - $8,652 -
1984 $2,524 - $8,179 -
1983 $2,374 - $8,692 -
1982 $2,275 - $9,146 -
1981 $2,307 - $9,599 -
1980 $2,276 - $10,032 -
1979 $1,843 - $7,805 -
1978 $1,506 - $5,977 -
1977 $1,232 - $4,681 -
1976 $1,080 - $4,138 -
1975 $992 - $4,300 -
1974 $873 - $3,666 -
1973 $590 - $3,426 -
1972 $469 - $3,030 -
1971 $360 - $2,650 -
1970 $353 - $2,348 -
1969 $316 - $2,101 -
1968 $292.4 - $1,952 -
1967 $261.8 - $2,059 -
1966 $241.4 - $1,987 -
1965 $253.6 - $1,874 -
1964 $238.9 - $1,748 -
1963 $225.6 - $1,613 -
1962 $169.6 - $1,526 -
1961 $209.4 - $1,472 -
1960 $238.4 - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/united-kingdom | CC BY

Algeria's GDP per capita is $5,753, ranking 114/197, compared to $53,246 in the United Kingdom, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Algeria ranks 105th at $17,621, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Algeria United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$269B
2024
$3.69T
2024
GDP rank
51/197
2024
6/197
2024
GDP growth
3.7%
2023-2024
1.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$5,753
2024
$53,246
2024
GDP per capita rank
114/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$17,621
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
105/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$129B
2024
$3.73T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
48.1%
2024
101.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,765
2024
$53,900
2024
Government debt per person rank
106/185
2024
7/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$3,787
2026
$39,230
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$371M
2018
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,624,000
2025
Number of billionaires
1
2025
55
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.9%
2011
24.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
4%
2011
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
36.8%
2024
44%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.05%
2023-2024
3.27%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3%
2020
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
12%
2017
4.36%
2024
Population
48222325
70154914

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Algeria
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Algeria United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 36.8% 48.1% 44% 101.2%
2023 37.4% 47.7% 44.8% 100.4%
2022 32.7% 48.1% 44.1% 99.6%
2021 32.5% 55.1% 45.8% 105.1%
2020 37.5% 46% 50% 105.8%
2019 37.1% 40.9% 38.8% 85.7%
2018 36.2% 34.5% 38.9% 86.3%
2017 36.2% 24% 39.2% 86.7%
2016 37.2% 18.1% 39.6% 87.8%
2015 40.9% 7.73% 40.4% 87.9%
2014 36.9% 6.85% 41.2% 87.1%
2013 33.5% 6.48% 41.8% 85.3%
2012 40% 8.58% 43.6% 84.5%
2011 37.7% 8.48% 43.5% 81.4%
2010 35.1% 9.51% 44.7% 75.9%
2009 40.1% 8.92% 44.6% 64.9%
2008 37.3% 7.64% 41% 50.8%
2007 33.1% 12.8% 38.7% 43.2%
2006 27.8% 22.5% 38.4% 42.1%
2005 27.8% 25.4% 38.4% 41%
2004 27.1% 32.7% 38% 39.8%
2003 27% 38.2% 37.2% 36.8%
2002 32.5% 47.3% 35.9% 35.4%
2001 29.1% 50% 34.7% 35%
2000 26.4% 53.4% 33.9% 37.7%
1999 29.4% 69.7% 33.9% 40.4%
1998 28.7% 79.9% 34.5% 42%
1997 28.5% 79.6% 34.9% 44.1%
1996 26.9% 90.7% 35.7% 43.7%
1995 28.9% 95.9% 37.6% 43.7%
1994 30.9% 106.3% 37.5% 40.7%
1993 32.6% 76.8% 37.8% 38%
1992 28.2% 69.3% 37.8% 33.2%
1991 27.6% 86.1% 35.9% 28.5%
1990 23.3% 63.6% 35% 28.5%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Algeria's government spending was $99.1B, accounting for 36.8% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.62T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 48.1% in Algeria and 101.2% in the United Kingdom, ranking 113/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Algeria

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Algeria United Kingdom
2024 -13.8% -5.75%
2023 -5.52% -6.05%
2022 -2.96% -4.56%
2021 -6.32% -7.72%
2020 -10.5% -13.2%
2019 -8.51% -2.47%
2018 -6.15% -2.27%
2017 -7.55% -2.49%
2016 -11.8% -3.31%
2015 -13.9% -4.59%
2014 -7.14% -5.53%
2013 -0.79% -5.34%
2012 -4.04% -7.45%
2011 -1.06% -7.38%
2010 -1.35% -9.22%
2009 -6.53% -10.1%
2008 7.79% -5.09%
2007 4.63% -2.65%
2006 12.9% -2.76%
2005 11.4% -3.15%
2004 6.36% -3.16%
2003 7.22% -3.22%
2002 0.21% -1.96%
2001 3.15% 0.34%
2000 8.91% 1.4%
1999 -1.83% 0.76%
1998 -3.52% -0.21%
1997 2.19% -2.01%
1996 2.7% -3.65%
1995 -1.3% -4.99%
1994 -4.05% -5.74%
1993 -7.79% -6.62%
1992 -1.05% -5.41%
1991 1.53% -2.77%
1990 3.35% -1.54%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Algeria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $37.1B, equivalent to 13.8% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $212B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Algeria recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Algeria posted an annual deficit equal to 1.58% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.28% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Algeria

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Algeria United Kingdom
2024 4.05% 3.27%
2023 9.32% 6.79%
2022 9.27% 7.92%
2021 7.23% 2.52%
2020 2.42% 0.99%
2019 1.95% 1.74%
2018 4.27% 2.29%
2017 5.59% 2.56%
2016 6.4% 1.01%
2015 4.78% 0.37%
2014 2.92% 1.45%
2013 3.25% 2.29%
2012 8.89% 2.57%
2011 4.52% 3.86%
2010 3.91% 2.49%
2009 5.74% 1.96%
2008 4.86% 3.52%
2007 3.68% 2.39%
2006 2.31% 2.46%
2005 1.38% 2.09%
2004 3.96% 1.39%
2003 4.27% 1.38%
2002 1.42% 1.52%
2001 4.23% 1.53%
2000 0.34% 1.18%
1999 2.65% 1.75%
1998 4.95% 1.82%
1997 5.73% 2.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Algeria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.44%, compared with 2.4% in the United Kingdom. In 2024, inflation was 4.05% in Algeria and 3.27% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Algeria
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $1.6B
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $927K
Textiles & consumer goods $493K
Raw agricultural goods $310K
Machinery & equipment $223K
Chemicals & pharma $31K
Metals $1K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $126M
Chemicals & pharma $86.9M
Animal & marine products $20.6M
Raw agricultural goods $9.64M
Raw materials & minerals $9.19M
Textiles & consumer goods $8.08M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $8.02M
Metals $6.8M
Wood & paper products $2.88M
Precious metals & jewellery $427K

Balance of trade

Algeria United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$2.75B
2024
-$80.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
154/190
2024
189/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.02%
2024
-2.19%
2024
Goods imports
$45.3B
2024
$763B
2024
Goods exports
$48.8B
2024
$494B
2024
Service imports
$9.13B
2024
$411B
2024
Service exports
$4.22B
2024
$648B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
20.3%
2024
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
19.9%
2024
31%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Algeria United Kingdom
Economic freedom 45.8 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 179/197 35/197
Property rights 27.7 93.6
Government integrity 29.4 83
Judicial effectiveness 30 83.1
Tax burden 80.3 61.7
Government spending 61.9 41.1
Fiscal health 15.4 32.4
Business freedom 59.3 83.6
Labor freedom 52.2 61.2
Monetary freedom 74.7 71.9
Trade freedom 58.8 82.8
Investment freedom 30 70
Financial freedom 30 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Algeria
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Algeria United Kingdom
2026 45.8 70.4
2025 47.5 69.3
2024 43.9 68.6
2023 43.2 69.9
2022 45.8 72.7
2021 49.7 78.4
2020 46.9 79.3
2019 46.2 78.9
2018 44.7 78
2017 46.5 76.4
2016 50.1 76.4
2015 48.9 75.8
2014 50.8 74.9
2013 49.6 74.8
2012 51 74.1
2011 52.4 74.5
2010 56.9 76.5
2009 56.6 79
2008 56.2 79.4
2007 55.4 79.9
2006 55.7 80.4
2005 53.2 79.2
2004 58.1 77.7
2003 57.7 77.5
2002 61 78.5
2001 57.3 77.6
2000 56.8 77.3
1999 57.2 76.2
1998 55.8 76.5
1997 54.9 76.4
1996 54.5 76.4
1995 55.7 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Algeria is 45.8, ranking 179/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Algeria United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
46.8%
2024
72.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
36.2%
2024
17.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
14%
2024
0.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$252B
2024
$3.42T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$17,290
2024
$61,460
2024
Total reserves including gold
$83B
2024
$175B
2024
Total reserves ranking
31/177
2024
19/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.23B
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.23B
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$265K
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
0.17%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
5.5%
2011
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
41.1%
2024
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/algeria/united-kingdom | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.