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Economy of Myanmar vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Myanmar has a GDP of $81.7B compared to $4T for the United Kingdom, ranking 85/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

Myanmar has $42.4B in government debt (51.9% of GDP), compared to $4.1T (102.3% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Myanmar vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Myanmar
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Myanmar United Kingdom
2025 $81,665,773,810 $4,002,587,541,846
2024 $74,068,349,524 $3,695,539,513,534
2023 $66,757,619,000 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $62,253,049,892 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $66,345,291,160 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $79,006,113,643 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $75,065,106,228 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $67,860,515,990 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $66,053,040,483 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $63,298,361,996 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $59,607,290,408 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $65,531,374,200 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $60,269,732,855 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $59,937,796,648 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $59,977,326,086 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $49,540,813,342 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $36,906,181,381 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $31,862,554,102 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $20,182,477,481 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $14,502,553,710 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $11,986,972,419 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $10,567,354,056 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $10,467,109,978 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $6,777,632,512 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $6,477,790,688 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $8,905,066,164 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $8,486,832,801 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $6,459,461,639 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $4,722,288,496 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $6,123,556,717 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $5,289,174,943 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $4,432,257,174 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $3,163,020,035 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $2,411,552,289 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $2,069,832,687 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $2,115,193,513 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $2,013,448,229 $926,884,816,754
1988 $1,541,088,312 $910,122,732,124
1987 $1,562,448,077 $745,162,608,269
1986 $1,582,873,750 $601,452,653,181
1985 $1,478,908,173 $489,285,164,271
1984 $1,304,063,253 $461,487,097,632
1983 $1,381,573,615 $489,618,008,186
1982 $1,481,165,468 $515,048,916,841
1981 $1,111,000,765 $540,765,675,241
1980 $1,038,225,167 $564,947,710,899
1979 $952,265,043 $438,994,070,309
1978 $935,408,775 $335,883,029,722
1977 $873,579,932 $263,066,457,352
1976 $1,204,699,849 $232,614,555,256
1975 $1,061,107,354 $241,756,637,168
1974 $1,225,589,878 $206,131,369,799
1973 $719,754,655 $192,537,971,583
1972 $662,213,083 $169,965,034,965
1971 $587,448,405 $148,113,896,325
1970 $563,555,631 $130,671,946,244
1969 $571,854,215 $116,464,702,803
1968 $559,956,130 $107,759,910,068
1967 $420,359,036 $113,116,888,211
1966 $293,103,479 $108,572,752,102
1965 $367,053,117 $101,824,755,079
1964 $411,419,906 $94,407,558,351
1963 $598,998,419 $86,561,961,812
1962 $634,528,872 $81,247,564,157
1961 $605,581,577 $77,741,965,703
1960 $545,098,448 $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Myanmar vs United Kingdom by year

Myanmar
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Myanmar United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $1,489 - $57,602 -
2024 $1,359 $5,997 $53,341 $62,009
2023 $1,233 $5,953 $49,920 $59,911
2022 $1,158 $5,732 $47,035 $59,022
2021 $1,243 $5,178 $47,696 $51,004
2020 $1,490 $5,741 $40,815 $48,230
2019 $1,426 $6,101 $43,161 $50,065
2018 $1,298 $5,581 $43,704 $47,212
2017 $1,273 $4,706 $40,918 $46,113
2016 $1,229 $4,460 $41,259 $44,085
2015 $1,167 $4,459 $45,256 $42,515
2014 $1,293 $4,376 $47,747 $41,267
2013 $1,199 $4,144 $43,608 $39,948
2012 $1,203 $3,845 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $1,214 $3,579 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $1,011 $3,348 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $758 $3,040 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $658 $2,748 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $419 $2,459 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $303 $2,153 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $252.7 $1,860 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $224.5 $1,601 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $224.3 $1,385 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $146.6 $1,204 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $141.5 $1,069 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $196.6 $949 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $189.5 $825 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $146 $742 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $108 $702 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $141.9 $661 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $124.1 $618 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $105.4 $573 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $76.2 $529 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $58.9 $494 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $51.2 $447 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $53.1 $441 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $51.3 - $16,239 -
1988 $39.9 - $15,987 -
1987 $41.1 - $13,119 -
1986 $42.4 - $10,611 -
1985 $40.4 - $8,652 -
1984 $36.3 - $8,179 -
1983 $39.3 - $8,692 -
1982 $43 - $9,146 -
1981 $32.8 - $9,599 -
1980 $31.2 - $10,032 -
1979 $29.2 - $7,805 -
1978 $29.3 - $5,977 -
1977 $27.9 - $4,681 -
1976 $39.2 - $4,138 -
1975 $35.2 - $4,300 -
1974 $41.4 - $3,666 -
1973 $24.8 - $3,426 -
1972 $23.3 - $3,030 -
1971 $21.1 - $2,650 -
1970 $20.7 - $2,348 -
1969 $21.5 - $2,101 -
1968 $21.5 - $1,952 -
1967 $16.5 - $2,059 -
1966 $11.8 - $1,987 -
1965 $15.1 - $1,874 -
1964 $17.3 - $1,748 -
1963 $25.8 - $1,613 -
1962 $27.9 - $1,526 -
1961 $27.3 - $1,472 -
1960 $25.1 - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/united-kingdom | CC BY

Myanmar's GDP per capita is $1,489, ranking 166/197, compared to $57,602 in the United Kingdom, ranking 21/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Myanmar ranks 153rd at $5,997, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Myanmar United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$81.7B
2025
$4T
2025
GDP rank
85/197
2025
5/197
2025
GDP growth
-2.01%
2024-2025
1.39%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$1,489
2025
$57,602
2025
GDP per capita rank
166/197
2025
21/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$5,997
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
153/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$42.4B
2025
$4.1T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
51.9%
2025
102.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$773
2025
$58,936
2025
Government debt per person rank
152/185
2025
7/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,165
2026
$43,539
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,428,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
56
2026
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2017
25%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.8%
2017
2.9%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
43.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
8.83%
2018-2019
3.88%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
1.48%
2020
4.9%
2025
Population
55361818
70071289

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Myanmar
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Myanmar United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 25.2% 51.9% 43.6% 102.3%
2024 25.8% 50.6% 43.7% 99.9%
2023 21.4% 53.2% 44.2% 98.9%
2022 21.3% 56% 43.2% 97.5%
2021 20.9% 63.4% 44.9% 103.4%
2020 21.3% 49.1% 49.3% 104.8%
2019 20.5% 37.6% 38.3% 84.9%
2018 18.7% 39.9% 38.5% 85.6%
2017 19.7% 41.9% 38.8% 86.1%
2016 21.3% 35.7% 39.3% 87.3%
2015 23.7% 36.6% 40.1% 87.3%
2014 24.7% 34.5% 40.8% 86.5%
2013 23.9% 44.8% 41.6% 84.9%
2012 20% 48% 43.3% 84.1%
2011 15.6% 49.9% 43.3% 81.1%
2010 15.8% 54.4% 44.5% 75.5%
2009 14.4% 56.4% 44.2% 64.5%
2008 14.4% 59.8% 40.6% 50.6%
2007 15.7% 77.4% 38.4% 43%
2006 15.6% 103.1% 38.2% 41.9%
2005 14.6% 119% 38.3% 40.9%
2004 14.6% 126.6% 37.9% 39.7%
2003 14.3% 146% 37% 36.6%
2002 15.3% 190.6% 35.8% 35.3%
2001 19.1% 262% 34.5% 34.8%
2000 21.4% 164.5% 33.8% 37.5%
1999 22.8% 150.7% 33.7% 40.3%
1998 25.2% 208.6% 34.3% 41.8%
1997 - - 34.7% 43.9%
1996 - - 35.6% 43.5%
1995 - - 37.5% 43.5%
1994 - - 37.4% 40.6%
1993 - - 37.6% 37.8%
1992 - - 37.7% 33.1%
1991 - - 35.7% 28.4%
1990 - - 34.9% 28.4%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2025, Myanmar's government spending was $20.6B, accounting for 25.2% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.75T, or 43.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 51.9% in Myanmar and 102.3% in the United Kingdom, ranking 101/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Myanmar

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Myanmar United Kingdom
2025 -4.94% -5.38%
2024 -4.11% -6.06%
2023 -2.76% -6.05%
2022 -2.75% -4.6%
2021 -2.22% -7.54%
2020 -6.5% -12.9%
2019 -4.7% -2.38%
2018 -2.77% -2.23%
2017 -3.42% -2.48%
2016 -2.53% -3.28%
2015 -4.33% -4.53%
2014 -1.06% -5.47%
2013 -1.53% -5.29%
2012 -2.7% -7.96%
2011 -4.82% -7.42%
2010 -5.4% -9.25%
2009 -3.55% -9.97%
2008 -2.73% -5.05%
2007 -3.52% -2.63%
2006 -3.42% -2.74%
2005 -3.49% -3.13%
2004 -4.62% -3.14%
2003 -4.24% -3.19%
2002 -4.01% -1.95%
2001 -6.34% 0.34%
2000 -6.03% 1.4%
1999 -4.46% 0.76%
1998 -4.89% -0.21%
1997 - -2%
1996 - -3.63%
1995 - -4.97%
1994 - -5.72%
1993 - -6.6%
1992 - -5.39%
1991 - -2.76%
1990 - -1.53%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2025, Myanmar's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.04B, equivalent to 4.94% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $215B, or 5.38% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Myanmar recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 25 years. On average, Myanmar posted an annual deficit equal to 3.85% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.37% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Myanmar

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Myanmar United Kingdom
2025 - 3.88%
2024 - 3.27%
2023 - 6.79%
2022 - 7.92%
2021 - 2.52%
2020 - 0.99%
2019 8.83% 1.74%
2018 6.87% 2.29%
2017 4.57% 2.56%
2016 6.93% 1.01%
2015 9.45% 0.37%
2014 4.95% 1.45%
2013 5.64% 2.29%
2012 1.47% 2.57%
2011 5.02% 3.86%
2010 7.72% 2.49%
2009 1.47% 1.96%
2008 26.8% 3.52%
2007 35% 2.39%
2006 20% 2.46%
2005 9.37% 2.09%
2004 4.53% 1.39%
2003 36.6% 1.38%
2002 57.1% 1.52%
2001 21.1% 1.53%
2000 -0.11% 1.18%
1999 18.4% 1.75%
1998 51.5% 1.82%
1997 29.7% 2.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 23 years, Myanmar has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 16.2%, compared with 1.99% in the United Kingdom. In 2019, inflation was 8.83% in Myanmar and 3.88% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Myanmar
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $158M
Raw agricultural goods $21.8M
Animal & marine products $15M
Machinery & equipment $3.34M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.5M
Chemicals & pharma $751K
Wood & paper products $560K
Miscellaneous $104K
Precious metals & jewellery $13K
Metals $12K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $11.8M
Animal & marine products $3.57M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.12M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.02M
Chemicals & pharma $804K
Raw agricultural goods $194K
Metals $155K
Wood & paper products $123K
Raw materials & minerals $54K
Miscellaneous $52K

Balance of trade

Myanmar United Kingdom
Current account balance
$67.7M
2019
-$97.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
66/190
2019
189/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2019
-2.43%
2025
Goods imports
$13.7B
2019
$827B
2025
Goods exports
$10.8B
2019
$506B
2025
Service imports
$3.66B
2019
$450B
2025
Service exports
$6.68B
2019
$720B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP n/a
31.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.3%
2026
30.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Myanmar United Kingdom
Economic freedom 44.5 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 180/197 35/197
Property rights 5.7 93.6
Government integrity 18.1 83
Judicial effectiveness 3.9 83.1
Tax burden 88.6 61.7
Government spending 86.6 41.1
Fiscal health 62.7 32.4
Business freedom 37.9 83.6
Labor freedom 53.2 61.2
Monetary freedom 57.5 71.9
Trade freedom 69.4 82.8
Investment freedom 30 70
Financial freedom 20 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Myanmar
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Myanmar United Kingdom
2026 44.5 70.4
2025 43.7 69.3
2024 42.2 68.6
2023 46.5 69.9
2022 49.6 72.7
2021 55.2 78.4
2020 54 79.3
2019 53.6 78.9
2018 53.9 78
2017 52.5 76.4
2016 48.7 76.4
2015 46.9 75.8
2014 46.5 74.9
2013 39.2 74.8
2012 38.7 74.1
2011 37.8 74.5
2010 36.7 76.5
2009 37.7 79
2008 39.5 79.4
2007 41 79.9
2006 40 80.4
2005 40.5 79.2
2004 43.6 77.7
2003 44.9 77.5
2002 45.5 78.5
2001 46.1 77.6
2000 47.9 77.3
1999 46.4 76.2
1998 45.7 76.5
1997 45.4 76.4
1996 45.1 76.4
1995 - 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Myanmar is 44.5, ranking 180/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Myanmar United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
38.5%
2025
73.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
36.2%
2025
16.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
25.3%
2025
0.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$72.3B
2025
$3.79T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$5,890
2025
$64,210
2025
Total reserves including gold
$9.34B
2023
$214B
2025
Total reserves ranking
85/177
2023
19/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.74B
2019
$10.3B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.1B
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.31%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
24.8%
2017
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP n/a
19.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/myanmar/united-kingdom | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.