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Economy of Fiji vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Fiji has a GDP of $6.2B compared to $4T for the United Kingdom, ranking 161/197 and 5/197 by economy size, respectively.

Fiji has $4.88B in government debt (78.7% of GDP), compared to $4.1T (102.3% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Fiji vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Fiji
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Fiji United Kingdom
2025 $6,198,013,062 $4,002,587,541,846
2024 $5,968,125,909 $3,695,539,513,534
2023 $5,476,673,518 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $4,977,861,886 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $4,158,873,156 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $4,227,719,873 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $5,344,907,153 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $5,581,425,327 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $5,353,469,174 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $4,930,213,644 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $4,682,479,894 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $4,857,104,769 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $4,189,967,999 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $3,972,028,104 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $3,779,411,899 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $3,140,166,713 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $2,870,624,636 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $3,523,185,920 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $3,378,314,600 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $3,076,305,453 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $2,980,403,845 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $2,708,078,477 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $2,300,492,465 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $1,833,279,985 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $1,652,462,023 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $1,678,219,508 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $1,936,459,986 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $1,653,146,717 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $2,090,221,137 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $2,128,696,644 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $1,970,301,486 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $1,825,732,093 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $1,636,101,247 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $1,532,411,039 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $1,383,883,250 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $1,337,017,559 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $1,182,660,266 $926,884,816,754
1988 $1,110,009,523 $910,122,732,124
1987 $1,177,947,965 $745,162,608,269
1986 $1,290,267,340 $601,452,653,181
1985 $1,141,168,944 $489,285,164,271
1984 $1,178,000,678 $461,487,097,632
1983 $1,123,085,190 $489,618,008,186
1982 $1,194,059,943 $515,048,916,841
1981 $1,235,626,771 $540,765,675,241
1980 $1,202,618,816 $564,947,710,899
1979 $1,019,691,460 $438,994,070,309
1978 $829,267,889 $335,883,029,722
1977 $719,501,766 $263,066,457,352
1976 $694,540,806 $232,614,555,256
1975 $684,282,434 $241,756,637,168
1974 $558,587,097 $206,131,369,799
1973 $425,950,488 $192,537,971,583
1972 $316,656,649 $169,965,034,965
1971 $247,749,328 $148,113,896,325
1970 $219,878,482 $130,671,946,244
1969 $182,182,068 $116,464,702,803
1968 $166,952,937 $107,759,910,068
1967 $162,625,886 $113,116,888,211
1966 $150,603,926 $108,572,752,102
1965 $147,084,750 $101,824,755,079
1964 $140,032,741 $94,407,558,351
1963 $129,454,729 $86,561,961,812
1962 $122,906,435 $81,247,564,157
1961 $116,987,785 $77,741,965,703
1960 $112,328,422 $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Fiji vs United Kingdom by year

Fiji
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Fiji United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $6,642 - $57,602 -
2024 $6,426 $15,450 $53,341 $62,009
2023 $5,926 $14,644 $49,920 $59,911
2022 $5,414 $12,982 $47,035 $59,022
2021 $4,537 $10,322 $47,696 $51,004
2020 $4,621 $10,716 $40,815 $48,230
2019 $5,842 $12,978 $43,161 $50,065
2018 $6,085 $12,984 $43,704 $47,212
2017 $5,827 $12,585 $40,918 $46,113
2016 $5,364 $11,766 $41,259 $44,085
2015 $5,098 $11,519 $45,256 $42,515
2014 $5,293 $10,516 $47,747 $41,267
2013 $4,572 $8,842 $43,608 $39,948
2012 $4,341 $8,204 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $4,140 $7,672 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $3,449 $7,339 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $3,164 $7,068 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $3,900 $7,154 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $3,763 $6,990 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $3,455 $6,921 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $3,378 $6,652 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $3,097 $6,463 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $2,656 $6,033 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $2,137 $5,914 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $1,945 $5,699 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $1,996 $5,521 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $2,328 $5,552 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $2,010 $5,090 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $2,574 $5,031 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $2,648 $5,109 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $2,467 $4,818 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $2,297 $4,627 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $2,070 $4,334 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $1,951 $4,172 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $1,775 $3,873 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $1,729 $3,882 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $1,543 - $16,239 -
1988 $1,463 - $15,987 -
1987 $1,569 - $13,119 -
1986 $1,745 - $10,611 -
1985 $1,577 - $8,652 -
1984 $1,667 - $8,179 -
1983 $1,628 - $8,692 -
1982 $1,773 - $9,146 -
1981 $1,879 - $9,599 -
1980 $1,873 - $10,032 -
1979 $1,627 - $7,805 -
1978 $1,355 - $5,977 -
1977 $1,204 - $4,681 -
1976 $1,186 - $4,138 -
1975 $1,188 - $4,300 -
1974 $984 - $3,666 -
1973 $762 - $3,426 -
1972 $575 - $3,030 -
1971 $458 - $2,650 -
1970 $414 - $2,348 -
1969 $350 - $2,101 -
1968 $327 - $1,952 -
1967 $326 - $2,059 -
1966 $310 - $1,987 -
1965 $311 - $1,874 -
1964 $306 - $1,748 -
1963 $291.4 - $1,613 -
1962 $285.5 - $1,526 -
1961 $280.3 - $1,472 -
1960 $277.4 - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/united-kingdom | CC BY

Fiji's GDP per capita is $6,642, ranking 106/197, compared to $57,602 in the United Kingdom, ranking 21/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Fiji ranks 113th at $15,450, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Fiji United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$6.2B
2025
$4T
2025
GDP rank
161/197
2025
5/197
2025
GDP growth
3.2%
2024-2025
1.39%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$6,642
2025
$57,602
2025
GDP per capita rank
106/197
2025
21/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$15,450
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
113/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$4.88B
2025
$4.1T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
78.7%
2025
102.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$5,227
2025
$58,936
2025
Government debt per person rank
82/185
2025
7/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,553
2026
$43,539
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,428,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
56
2026
Income share by richest 10%
24.2%
2019
25%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.5%
2019
2.9%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31.5%
2025
43.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
-1.38%
2024-2025
3.88%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
0.25%
2020
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.36%
2024
4.9%
2025
Population
939479
70071289

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Fiji
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Fiji United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 31.5% 78.7% 43.6% 102.3%
2024 30.8% 79.1% 43.7% 99.9%
2023 30.2% 82.9% 44.2% 98.9%
2022 33.9% 91.5% 43.2% 97.5%
2021 35.8% 86.7% 44.9% 103.4%
2020 32.7% 65.8% 49.3% 104.8%
2019 30.7% 49.5% 38.3% 84.9%
2018 32.5% 45.8% 38.5% 85.6%
2017 28.1% 43.4% 38.8% 86.1%
2016 32.1% 44.6% 39.3% 87.3%
2015 30.6% 44.3% 40.1% 87.3%
2014 30.2% 46.2% 40.8% 86.5%
2013 25.9% 47.4% 41.6% 84.9%
2012 26% 48.6% 43.3% 84.1%
2011 26.5% 51% 43.3% 81.1%
2010 25.5% 53.4% 44.5% 75.5%
2009 26.2% 51.5% 44.2% 64.5%
2008 22.8% 47.9% 40.6% 50.6%
2007 23.5% 46.4% 38.4% 43%
2006 25.4% 50.3% 38.2% 41.9%
2005 24% 45.3% 38.3% 40.9%
2004 24.7% 45.9% 37.9% 39.7%
2003 26.7% 46.4% 37% 36.6%
2002 28.1% 44.5% 35.8% 35.3%
2001 27% 41.9% 34.5% 34.8%
2000 24.2% 35.9% 33.8% 37.5%
1999 24.6% 34.7% 33.7% 40.3%
1998 27.7% 37.9% 34.3% 41.8%
1997 29.2% 54.4% 34.7% 43.9%
1996 27.2% 50.3% 35.6% 43.5%
1995 23.5% 49.1% 37.5% 43.5%
1994 24.9% 48.8% 37.4% 40.6%
1993 26.7% 45.9% 37.6% 37.8%
1992 27.1% 44.3% 37.7% 33.1%
1991 - - 35.7% 28.4%
1990 - - 34.9% 28.4%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2025, Fiji's government spending was $1.95B, accounting for 31.5% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.75T, or 43.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 78.7% in Fiji and 102.3% in the United Kingdom, ranking 45/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Fiji

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Fiji United Kingdom
2025 -2.46% -5.38%
2024 -3.44% -6.06%
2023 -7.15% -6.05%
2022 -12.3% -4.6%
2021 -14.2% -7.54%
2020 -8.34% -12.9%
2019 -3.65% -2.38%
2018 -4.82% -2.23%
2017 -2.28% -2.48%
2016 -5.7% -3.28%
2015 -3.91% -4.53%
2014 -3.48% -5.47%
2013 -0.08% -5.29%
2012 -0.68% -7.96%
2011 -0.72% -7.42%
2010 -1.29% -9.25%
2009 -2.76% -9.97%
2008 1.56% -5.05%
2007 0.36% -2.63%
2006 -0.76% -2.74%
2005 -1.18% -3.13%
2004 -0.98% -3.14%
2003 -3.46% -3.19%
2002 -3.68% -1.95%
2001 -4.5% 0.34%
2000 -1.33% 1.4%
1999 1.17% 0.76%
1998 5.4% -0.21%
1997 -4.5% -2%
1996 -3.46% -3.63%
1995 0.78% -4.97%
1994 -0.2% -5.72%
1993 -1.9% -6.6%
1992 -2.25% -5.39%
1991 - -2.76%
1990 - -1.53%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2025, Fiji's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $153M, equivalent to 2.46% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $215B, or 5.38% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Fiji recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Fiji posted an annual deficit equal to 2.83% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.43% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Fiji

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Fiji United Kingdom
2025 -1.38% 3.88%
2024 3.89% 3.27%
2023 2.98% 6.79%
2022 6.08% 7.92%
2021 1.53% 2.52%
2020 -1.7% 0.99%
2019 1.79% 1.74%
2018 4.08% 2.29%
2017 3.35% 2.56%
2016 3.86% 1.01%
2015 1.37% 0.37%
2014 0.52% 1.45%
2013 2.91% 2.29%
2012 3.42% 2.57%
2011 7.28% 3.86%
2010 3.69% 2.49%
2009 3.13% 1.96%
2008 7.73% 3.52%
2007 4.8% 2.39%
2006 2.49% 2.46%
2005 2.37% 2.09%
2004 2.83% 1.39%
2003 4.17% 1.38%
2002 0.76% 1.52%
2001 4.27% 1.53%
2000 1.09% 1.18%
1999 1.97% 1.75%
1998 5.71% 1.82%
1997 3.37% 2.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Fiji has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.05%, compared with 2.46% in the United Kingdom. In 2025, inflation was -1.38% in Fiji and 3.88% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Fiji
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $6.05M
Miscellaneous $177K
Machinery & equipment $108K
Animal & marine products $97K
Textiles & consumer goods $69K
Chemicals & pharma $53K
Raw agricultural goods $15K
Metals $11K
Wood & paper products $5K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $5.97M
Chemicals & pharma $1.66M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $268K
Miscellaneous $151K
Metals $113K
Precious metals & jewellery $90K
Raw materials & minerals $79K
Wood & paper products $76K
Weapons & explosives $38K

Balance of trade

Fiji United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$464M
2024
-$97.1B
2025
Current account balance ranking
104/190
2024
189/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-7.78%
2024
-2.43%
2025
Goods imports
$2.86B
2024
$827B
2025
Goods exports
$1.13B
2024
$506B
2025
Service imports
$996M
2024
$450B
2025
Service exports
$2.12B
2024
$720B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
64.6%
2024
31.9%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.4%
2024
30.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Fiji United Kingdom
Economic freedom 59.5 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 103/197 35/197
Property rights 59.9 93.6
Government integrity 55.4 83
Judicial effectiveness 53.2 83.1
Tax burden 87.8 61.7
Government spending 70 41.1
Fiscal health 7.5 32.4
Business freedom 69.5 83.6
Labor freedom 66.9 61.2
Monetary freedom 72.4 71.9
Trade freedom 66.6 82.8
Investment freedom 55 70
Financial freedom 50 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Fiji
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Fiji United Kingdom
2026 59.5 70.4
2025 59.1 69.3
2024 58 68.6
2023 58 69.9
2022 56.4 72.7
2021 62.2 78.4
2020 63.4 79.3
2019 62.2 78.9
2018 62 78
2017 63.4 76.4
2016 58.8 76.4
2015 59 75.8
2014 58.7 74.9
2013 57.2 74.8
2012 57.3 74.1
2011 60.4 74.5
2010 60.3 76.5
2009 61 79
2008 61.8 79.4
2007 60.8 79.9
2006 58.4 80.4
2005 58.2 79.2
2004 58 77.7
2003 54.7 77.5
2002 53.9 78.5
2001 53.7 77.6
2000 57.8 77.3
1999 58.4 76.2
1998 58.2 76.5
1997 58 76.4
1996 57.4 76.4
1995 54.7 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Fiji is 59.5, ranking 103/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Fiji United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
57%
2025
73.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
13.9%
2025
16.5%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
14%
2025
0.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$5.81B
2025
$3.79T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$15,360
2025
$64,210
2025
Total reserves including gold
$1.66B
2025
$214B
2025
Total reserves ranking
130/177
2025
19/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$178M
2024
$10.3B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$204M
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$25.6M
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.36%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
31%
2020
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
19.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/fiji/united-kingdom | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.