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Economy of Maldives vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Maldives has a GDP of $7.06B compared to $3.69T for the United Kingdom, ranking 159/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Maldives has $9.41B in government debt (133.3% of GDP), compared to $3.73T (101.2% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Maldives vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Maldives
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Maldives United Kingdom
2024 $7,061,608,267 $3,686,033,044,482
2023 $6,621,008,704 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $6,177,123,352 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $5,252,457,370 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $3,712,604,583 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $5,726,094,799 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $5,404,344,163 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $4,816,426,257 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $4,409,942,624 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $4,129,505,319 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $3,697,353,039 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $3,295,009,238 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $2,886,163,997 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $2,774,350,240 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $2,588,176,055 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $2,345,294,875 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $2,271,646,188 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $1,868,383,461 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $1,575,200,391 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $1,163,362,438 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $1,226,829,563 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $1,052,121,055 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $897,031,250 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $870,031,677 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $624,337,145 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $589,239,754 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $540,096,398 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $508,223,602 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $450,382,328 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $398,988,955 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $356,014,932 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $322,417,837 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $284,875,809 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $244,396,762 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $215,043,970 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $189,514,434 $926,884,816,754
1988 $168,514,513 $910,122,732,124
1987 $141,223,029 $745,162,608,269
1986 $141,882,254 $601,452,653,181
1985 $127,190,758 $489,285,164,271
1984 $109,503,546 $461,487,097,632
1983 $57,829,787 $489,618,008,186
1982 $47,911,340 $515,048,916,841
1981 $44,781,457 $540,765,675,241
1980 $42,463,576 $564,947,710,899
1979 $38,523,364 $438,994,070,309
1978 $24,369,109 $335,883,029,722
1977 $20,853,789 $263,066,457,352
1976 $22,399,467 $232,614,555,256
1975 $24,540,878 $241,756,637,168
1974 $39,120,171 $206,131,369,799
1973 $30,862,042 $192,537,971,583
1972 $25,177,138 $169,965,034,965
1971 $21,566,404 $148,113,896,325
1970 $19,328,038 $130,671,946,244
1969 - $116,464,702,803
1968 - $107,759,910,068
1967 - $113,116,888,211
1966 - $108,572,752,102
1965 - $101,824,755,079
1964 - $94,407,558,351
1963 - $86,561,961,812
1962 - $81,247,564,157
1961 - $77,741,965,703
1960 - $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/maldives/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Maldives vs United Kingdom by year

Maldives
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Maldives United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $13,379 $26,183 $53,246 $62,009
2023 $12,588 $24,786 $49,944 $59,911
2022 $11,786 $22,881 $47,057 $59,022
2021 $10,176 $19,053 $47,691 $51,004
2020 $7,394 $13,425 $40,813 $48,230
2019 $11,740 $23,077 $43,159 $50,065
2018 $11,423 $21,899 $43,703 $47,212
2017 $10,510 $19,768 $40,917 $46,113
2016 $9,948 $18,770 $41,258 $44,085
2015 $9,645 $17,875 $45,255 $42,515
2014 $8,939 $16,723 $47,746 $41,267
2013 $8,236 $15,264 $43,607 $39,948
2012 $7,461 $13,989 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $7,425 $13,726 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $7,174 $12,797 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $6,734 $12,266 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $6,757 $13,779 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $5,758 $12,852 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $5,019 $12,075 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $3,797 $9,704 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $4,070 $10,770 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $3,549 $10,065 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $3,076 $8,823 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $3,034 $8,236 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $2,214 $8,526 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $2,124 $8,162 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $1,980 $7,710 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $1,898 $7,226 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $1,717 $6,687 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $1,555 $6,223 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $1,419 $5,520 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $1,317 $5,138 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $1,194 $4,881 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $1,054 $4,604 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $957 $4,528 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $870 - $16,239 -
1988 $799 - $15,987 -
1987 $692 - $13,119 -
1986 $720 - $10,611 -
1985 $669 - $8,652 -
1984 $594 - $8,179 -
1983 $323 - $8,692 -
1982 $274.8 - $9,146 -
1981 $264.1 - $9,599 -
1980 $257.6 - $10,032 -
1979 $240.2 - $7,805 -
1978 $156.1 - $5,977 -
1977 $137.3 - $4,681 -
1976 $151.8 - $4,138 -
1975 $171.4 - $4,300 -
1974 $281.5 - $3,666 -
1973 $228.7 - $3,426 -
1972 $192.2 - $3,030 -
1971 $169.8 - $2,650 -
1970 $156.9 - $2,348 -
1969 - - $2,101 -
1968 - - $1,952 -
1967 - - $2,059 -
1966 - - $1,987 -
1965 - - $1,874 -
1964 - - $1,748 -
1963 - - $1,613 -
1962 - - $1,526 -
1961 - - $1,472 -
1960 - - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/maldives/united-kingdom | CC BY

Maldives' GDP per capita is $13,379, ranking 75/197, compared to $53,246 in the United Kingdom, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Maldives ranks 81st at $26,183, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Maldives United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$7.06B
2024
$3.69T
2024
GDP rank
159/197
2024
6/197
2024
GDP growth
3.49%
2023-2024
1.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$13,379
2024
$53,246
2024
GDP per capita rank
75/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$26,183
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
81/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$9.41B
2024
$3.73T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
133.3%
2024
101.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$17,837
2024
$53,900
2024
Government debt per person rank
35/185
2024
7/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$9,909
2026
$39,230
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,624,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
55
2025
Income share by richest 10%
23.3%
2019
24.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.8%
2019
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
46.1%
2024
44%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.4%
2023-2024
3.27%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.56%
2019
4.36%
2024
Population
532057
70154914

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Maldives
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Maldives United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 46.1% 133.3% 44% 101.2%
2023 46.7% 122.4% 44.8% 100.4%
2022 42% 111.6% 44.1% 99.6%
2021 40.6% 123.4% 45.8% 105.1%
2020 50.4% 155.7% 50% 105.8%
2019 32.9% 77.2% 38.8% 85.7%
2018 31.9% 70.7% 38.9% 86.3%
2017 30.4% 63.8% 39.2% 86.7%
2016 37.3% 61.9% 39.6% 87.8%
2015 33.8% 54.8% 40.4% 87.9%
2014 29.1% 55.1% 41.2% 87.1%
2013 27% 55.9% 41.8% 85.3%
2012 29.8% 57.1% 43.6% 84.5%
2011 31.3% 51.9% 43.5% 81.4%
2010 33.2% 52.7% 44.7% 75.9%
2009 37% 48.4% 44.6% 64.9%
2008 35.6% 39% 41% 50.8%
2007 34.8% 35.8% 38.7% 43.2%
2006 35% 36.8% 38.4% 42.1%
2005 38.8% 43.2% 38.4% 41%
2004 24.1% 34.7% 38% 39.8%
2003 26.4% 37.6% 37.2% 36.8%
2002 29.6% 44.3% 35.9% 35.4%
2001 29.6% 41.8% 34.7% 35%
2000 29% 39% 33.9% 37.7%
1999 28% 38.9% 33.9% 40.4%
1998 25.9% 39.3% 34.5% 42%
1997 25.2% 38.1% 34.9% 44.1%
1996 27.3% 46.9% 35.7% 43.7%
1995 31.3% 52.2% 37.6% 43.7%
1994 30.7% 54.6% 37.5% 40.7%
1993 34.7% 55.7% 37.8% 38%
1992 36.1% 49% 37.8% 33.2%
1991 37.7% 46.7% 35.9% 28.5%
1990 33.3% 42.4% 35% 28.5%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/maldives/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Maldives' government spending was $3.25B, accounting for 46.1% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.62T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 133.3% in Maldives and 101.2% in the United Kingdom, ranking 10/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Maldives

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Maldives United Kingdom
2024 -13.9% -5.75%
2023 -13.2% -6.05%
2022 -11.2% -4.56%
2021 -14.2% -7.72%
2020 -23.7% -13.2%
2019 -6.54% -2.47%
2018 -5.17% -2.27%
2017 -3.02% -2.49%
2016 -9.93% -3.31%
2015 -6.52% -4.59%
2014 -2.42% -5.53%
2013 -3.49% -5.34%
2012 -6.91% -7.45%
2011 -8.13% -7.38%
2010 -13.6% -9.22%
2009 -17.9% -10.1%
2008 -9.92% -5.09%
2007 -3.16% -2.65%
2006 -4.52% -2.76%
2005 -7.81% -3.15%
2004 -2.26% -3.16%
2003 -3.45% -3.22%
2002 -3.97% -1.96%
2001 -3.97% 0.34%
2000 -3.89% 1.4%
1999 -3.03% 0.76%
1998 -2.25% -0.21%
1997 -1.46% -2.01%
1996 -2.01% -3.65%
1995 -5.66% -4.99%
1994 -4.82% -5.74%
1993 -13.9% -6.62%
1992 -12.6% -5.41%
1991 -10.2% -2.77%
1990 -12.8% -1.54%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/maldives/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Maldives' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $982M, equivalent to 13.9% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $212B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Maldives recorded a fiscal deficit in 35 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Maldives posted an annual deficit equal to 7.75% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.28% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Maldives

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Maldives United Kingdom
2024 1.4% 3.27%
2023 2.6% 6.79%
2022 2.6% 7.92%
2021 0.2% 2.52%
2020 -1.6% 0.99%
2019 1.3% 1.74%
2018 1.4% 2.29%
2017 2.3% 2.56%
2016 0.8% 1.01%
2015 1.4% 0.37%
2014 2.4% 1.45%
2013 4% 2.29%
2012 10.9% 2.57%
2011 11.3% 3.86%
2010 6.1% 2.49%
2009 4.5% 1.96%
2008 12% 3.52%
2007 6.8% 2.39%
2006 3.5% 2.46%
2005 2.5% 2.09%
2004 6.3% 1.39%
2003 -2.8% 1.38%
2002 0.9% 1.52%
2001 0.7% 1.53%
2000 -1.2% 1.18%
1999 3% 1.75%
1998 -1.4% 1.82%
1997 7.6% 2.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/maldives/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Maldives has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.2%, compared with 2.4% in the United Kingdom. In 2024, inflation was 1.4% in Maldives and 3.27% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Maldives
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $20.1M
Animal & marine products $108K
Machinery & equipment $14K
Precious metals & jewellery $9K
Textiles & consumer goods $9K
Raw agricultural goods $1K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $13.3M
Chemicals & pharma $3.93M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.9M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.4M
Wood & paper products $2.04M
Miscellaneous $747K
Animal & marine products $591K
Precious metals & jewellery $476K
Metals $367K
Raw materials & minerals $239K

Balance of trade

Maldives United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$1.32B
2024
-$80.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
130/190
2024
189/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-18.7%
2024
-2.19%
2024
Goods imports
$3.46B
2024
$763B
2024
Goods exports
$383M
2024
$494B
2024
Service imports
$1.89B
2024
$411B
2024
Service exports
$5.03B
2024
$648B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
78.3%
2024
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
78.2%
2024
31%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Maldives United Kingdom
Economic freedom 47.6 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 174/197 35/197
Property rights 52.2 93.6
Government integrity 41.9 83
Judicial effectiveness 39.3 83.1
Tax burden 89.9 61.7
Government spending 39.5 41.1
Fiscal health 0 32.4
Business freedom 49.7 83.6
Labor freedom 54.1 61.2
Monetary freedom 76.4 71.9
Trade freedom 62.8 82.8
Investment freedom 35 70
Financial freedom 30 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Maldives
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Maldives United Kingdom
2026 47.6 70.4
2025 48.3 69.3
2024 47.8 68.6
2023 46.6 69.9
2022 47.3 72.7
2021 55.2 78.4
2020 56.5 79.3
2019 53.2 78.9
2018 51.1 78
2017 50.3 76.4
2016 53.9 76.4
2015 53.4 75.8
2014 51 74.9
2013 49 74.8
2012 49.2 74.1
2011 48.3 74.5
2010 49 76.5
2009 51.3 79
2008 - 79.4
2007 - 79.9
2006 - 80.4
2005 - 79.2
2004 - 77.7
2003 - 77.5
2002 - 78.5
2001 - 77.6
2000 - 77.3
1999 - 76.2
1998 - 76.5
1997 - 76.4
1996 - 76.4
1995 - 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/maldives/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Maldives is 47.6, ranking 174/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Maldives United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
72.1%
2024
72.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
9.2%
2024
17.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.84%
2024
0.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$6.15B
2024
$3.42T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$23,400
2024
$61,460
2024
Total reserves including gold
$674M
2024
$175B
2024
Total reserves ranking
150/177
2024
19/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$806M
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$806M
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.95%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
15%
2020
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
30.8%
2024
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.