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Economy of Dominica vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Dominica has a GDP of $689M compared to $3.69T for the United Kingdom, ranking 190/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Dominica has $713M in government debt (103.5% of GDP), compared to $3.73T (101.2% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Dominica vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Dominica
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Dominica United Kingdom
2024 $688,881,481 $3,686,033,044,482
2023 $659,311,111 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $623,062,963 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $562,911,111 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $528,944,444 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $644,259,259 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $628,244,444 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $563,355,556 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $612,711,111 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $583,177,778 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $572,255,556 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $545,325,926 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $520,355,556 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $532,081,481 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $519,859,259 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $515,618,519 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $480,003,704 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $444,685,185 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $416,674,074 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $391,455,556 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $396,711,111 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $373,318,519 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $375,200,000 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $377,462,963 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $333,470,370 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $331,759,259 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $322,411,111 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $302,988,889 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $292,285,185 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $274,522,222 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $264,374,074 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $245,525,926 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $234,059,259 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $219,762,963 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $201,429,630 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $185,137,243 $926,884,816,754
1988 $171,106,184 $910,122,732,124
1987 $151,868,754 $745,162,608,269
1986 $135,161,959 $601,452,653,181
1985 $119,491,933 $489,285,164,271
1984 $109,157,071 $461,487,097,632
1983 $98,665,191 $489,618,008,186
1982 $89,527,577 $515,048,916,841
1981 $82,107,391 $540,765,675,241
1980 $72,804,653 $564,947,710,899
1979 $55,017,759 $438,994,070,309
1978 $57,130,216 $335,883,029,722
1977 $45,872,947 $263,066,457,352
1976 - $232,614,555,256
1975 - $241,756,637,168
1974 - $206,131,369,799
1973 - $192,537,971,583
1972 - $169,965,034,965
1971 - $148,113,896,325
1970 - $130,671,946,244
1969 - $116,464,702,803
1968 - $107,759,910,068
1967 - $113,116,888,211
1966 - $108,572,752,102
1965 - $101,824,755,079
1964 - $94,407,558,351
1963 - $86,561,961,812
1962 - $81,247,564,157
1961 - $77,741,965,703
1960 - $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominica/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Dominica vs United Kingdom by year

Dominica
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Dominica United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,405 $21,301 $53,246 $62,009
2023 $9,913 $20,286 $49,944 $59,911
2022 $9,324 $18,802 $47,057 $59,022
2021 $8,376 $15,809 $47,691 $51,004
2020 $7,828 $14,244 $40,813 $48,230
2019 $9,491 $16,021 $43,159 $50,065
2018 $9,215 $15,070 $43,703 $47,212
2017 $8,225 $12,696 $40,917 $46,113
2016 $8,803 $12,945 $41,258 $44,085
2015 $8,283 $12,093 $45,255 $42,515
2014 $8,132 $12,083 $47,746 $41,267
2013 $7,822 $11,286 $43,607 $39,948
2012 $7,529 $10,921 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $7,705 $11,123 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $7,550 $10,924 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $7,487 $10,804 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $6,971 $10,862 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $6,459 $9,949 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $6,056 $9,200 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $5,695 $8,557 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $5,779 $8,232 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $5,447 $7,714 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $5,488 $7,167 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $5,528 $7,291 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $4,867 $7,111 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $4,817 $6,759 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $4,664 $6,617 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $4,372 $6,290 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $4,211 $6,041 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $3,952 $5,749 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $3,805 $5,465 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $3,536 $5,352 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $3,376 $5,125 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $3,171 $4,914 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $2,893 $4,667 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $2,639 - $16,239 -
1988 $2,423 - $15,987 -
1987 $2,138 - $13,119 -
1986 $1,893 - $10,611 -
1985 $1,666 - $8,652 -
1984 $1,515 - $8,179 -
1983 $1,363 - $8,692 -
1982 $1,232 - $9,146 -
1981 $1,125 - $9,599 -
1980 $996 - $10,032 -
1979 $754 - $7,805 -
1978 $786 - $5,977 -
1977 $634 - $4,681 -
1976 - - $4,138 -
1975 - - $4,300 -
1974 - - $3,666 -
1973 - - $3,426 -
1972 - - $3,030 -
1971 - - $2,650 -
1970 - - $2,348 -
1969 - - $2,101 -
1968 - - $1,952 -
1967 - - $2,059 -
1966 - - $1,987 -
1965 - - $1,874 -
1964 - - $1,748 -
1963 - - $1,613 -
1962 - - $1,526 -
1961 - - $1,472 -
1960 - - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominica/united-kingdom | CC BY

Dominica's GDP per capita is $10,405, ranking 84/197, compared to $53,246 in the United Kingdom, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Dominica ranks 91st at $21,301, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Dominica United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$689M
2024
$3.69T
2024
GDP rank
190/197
2024
6/197
2024
GDP growth
2.05%
2023-2024
1.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,405
2024
$53,246
2024
GDP per capita rank
84/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$21,301
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
91/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$713M
2024
$3.73T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
103.5%
2024
101.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$10,765
2024
$53,900
2024
Government debt per person rank
55/185
2024
7/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,045
2026
$39,230
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,624,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
55
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
24.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
60.9%
2024
44%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.57%
2023-2024
3.27%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
11%
2001
4.36%
2024
Population
65539
70154914

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Dominica
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Dominica United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 60.9% 103.5% 44% 101.2%
2023 66.8% 103.2% 44.8% 100.4%
2022 72.7% 108.3% 44.1% 99.6%
2021 70.1% 113.6% 45.8% 105.1%
2020 70.1% 118.2% 50% 105.8%
2019 44% 89.1% 38.8% 85.7%
2018 66.7% 90% 38.9% 86.3%
2017 55.7% 86.7% 39.2% 86.7%
2016 45.8% 72.9% 39.6% 87.8%
2015 33.5% 71.1% 40.4% 87.9%
2014 33.3% 73.5% 41.2% 87.1%
2013 34.2% 75.6% 41.8% 85.3%
2012 36.6% 74% 43.6% 84.5%
2011 34.7% 68.6% 43.5% 81.4%
2010 39.7% 67.3% 44.7% 75.9%
2009 36.1% 62.8% 44.6% 64.9%
2008 35.9% 66.5% 41% 50.8%
2007 35.6% 74.9% 38.7% 43.2%
2006 30.9% 80.4% 38.4% 42.1%
2005 32.1% 84.9% 38.4% 41%
2004 30.1% 85.8% 38% 39.8%
2003 31.2% 98.2% 37.2% 36.8%
2002 29% 99.4% 35.9% 35.4%
2001 29.3% 97.5% 34.7% 35%
2000 38.9% 69.6% 33.9% 37.7%
1999 35.3% 62% 33.9% 40.4%
1998 33.5% 57.1% 34.5% 42%
1997 29.1% 49.3% 34.9% 44.1%
1996 29% 54.7% 35.7% 43.7%
1995 29.7% 59.3% 37.6% 43.7%
1994 27.7% 57% 37.5% 40.7%
1993 26.1% 55.4% 37.8% 38%
1992 28% 55.3% 37.8% 33.2%
1991 29.9% 58.7% 35.9% 28.5%
1990 32.9% 56.6% 35% 28.5%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominica/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Dominica's government spending was $420M, accounting for 60.9% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.62T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 103.5% in Dominica and 101.2% in the United Kingdom, ranking 20/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Dominica

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Dominica United Kingdom
2024 -2.28% -5.75%
2023 -4.66% -6.05%
2022 -7.49% -4.56%
2021 -8.61% -7.72%
2020 -7.91% -13.2%
2019 -7.95% -2.47%
2018 -18.1% -2.27%
2017 -3.37% -2.49%
2016 11% -3.31%
2015 11.8% -4.59%
2014 -5.65% -5.53%
2013 -2.95% -5.34%
2012 -5.48% -7.45%
2011 -4.34% -7.38%
2010 -3.41% -9.22%
2009 -0.31% -10.1%
2008 0.72% -5.09%
2007 1.88% -2.65%
2006 3.04% -2.76%
2005 0.98% -3.15%
2004 -0.67% -3.16%
2003 0.88% -3.22%
2002 -4.13% -1.96%
2001 -6.48% 0.34%
2000 -8.75% 1.4%
1999 -9.2% 0.76%
1998 -6.08% -0.21%
1997 -2.31% -2.01%
1996 -1.62% -3.65%
1995 -2.97% -4.99%
1994 -3.42% -5.74%
1993 -1.46% -6.62%
1992 -2.28% -5.41%
1991 -3.08% -2.77%
1990 -4.87% -1.54%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominica/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Dominica's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $15.7M, equivalent to 2.28% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $212B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Dominica recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Dominica posted an annual deficit equal to 3.13% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.28% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Dominica

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Dominica United Kingdom
2024 2.57% 3.27%
2023 5.09% 6.79%
2022 2.88% 7.92%
2021 2.23% 2.52%
2020 1.22% 0.99%
2019 1.5% 1.74%
2018 0.99% 2.29%
2017 0.3% 2.56%
2016 0.14% 1.01%
2015 -0.84% 0.37%
2014 0.8% 1.45%
2013 -0.05% 2.29%
2012 1.36% 2.57%
2011 1.13% 3.86%
2010 3% 2.49%
2009 0.006% 1.96%
2008 6.36% 3.52%
2007 3.63% 2.39%
2006 2.2% 2.46%
2005 1.68% 2.09%
2004 2.39% 1.39%
2003 1.45% 1.38%
2002 0.17% 1.52%
2001 1.3% 1.53%
2000 0.86% 1.18%
1999 1.18% 1.75%
1998 1% 1.82%
1997 2.44% 2.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominica/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Dominica has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.68%, compared with 2.4% in the United Kingdom. In 2024, inflation was 2.57% in Dominica and 3.27% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Dominica
Export category Export value
Metals $149K
Raw agricultural goods $81K
Chemicals & pharma $38K
Machinery & equipment $28K
Textiles & consumer goods $2K
Miscellaneous $1K
Wood & paper products $1K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $2.73M
Animal & marine products $1.85M
Chemicals & pharma $830K
Textiles & consumer goods $715K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $618K
Metals $401K
Raw agricultural goods $210K
Miscellaneous $145K
Raw materials & minerals $100K
Wood & paper products $63K

Balance of trade

Dominica United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$160M
2024
-$80.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
94/190
2024
189/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-23.2%
2024
-2.19%
2024
Goods imports
$231M
2024
$763B
2024
Goods exports
$22M
2024
$494B
2024
Service imports
$157M
2024
$411B
2024
Service exports
$191M
2024
$648B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP n/a
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
8.5%
2025
31%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Dominica United Kingdom
Economic freedom 56.1 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 124/197 35/197
Property rights 65.8 93.6
Government integrity 61.2 83
Judicial effectiveness 77.3 83.1
Tax burden 76.1 61.7
Government spending 0 41.1
Fiscal health 45.6 32.4
Business freedom 66.2 83.6
Labor freedom 49.8 61.2
Monetary freedom 77.7 71.9
Trade freedom 53.2 82.8
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Dominica
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Dominica United Kingdom
2026 56.1 70.4
2025 55.3 69.3
2024 54 68.6
2023 59.7 69.9
2022 54.4 72.7
2021 53 78.4
2020 60.8 79.3
2019 63.6 78.9
2018 64.5 78
2017 63.7 76.4
2016 67 76.4
2015 66.1 75.8
2014 65.2 74.9
2013 63.9 74.8
2012 61.6 74.1
2011 63.3 74.5
2010 63.2 76.5
2009 62.6 79
2008 - 79.4
2007 - 79.9
2006 - 80.4
2005 - 79.2
2004 - 77.7
2003 - 77.5
2002 - 78.5
2001 - 77.6
2000 - 77.3
1999 - 76.2
1998 - 76.5
1997 - 76.4
1996 - 76.4
1995 - 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominica/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Dominica is 56.1, ranking 124/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Dominica United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
56.9%
2024
72.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
13.9%
2024
17.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
12.2%
2024
0.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$677M
2024
$3.42T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,410
2024
$61,460
2024
Total reserves including gold
$156M
2024
$175B
2024
Total reserves ranking
172/177
2024
19/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$36.4M
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$60M
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$401K
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
9.52%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
29%
2020
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP n/a
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.