Skip to content

Economy of Sudan vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Sudan has a GDP of $49.7B compared to $3.69T for the United Kingdom, ranking 94/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Sudan has $130B in government debt (261.4% of GDP), compared to $3.73T (101.2% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Sudan vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Sudan
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Sudan United Kingdom
2024 $49,672,435,513 $3,686,033,044,482
2023 $39,898,289,821 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $51,666,875,363 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $34,229,513,775 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $27,034,593,750 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $32,338,079,165 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $32,333,780,383 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $41,283,617,976 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $42,630,376,000 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $51,726,758,677 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $49,516,748,618 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $43,024,018,082 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $37,632,919,967 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $55,018,567,211 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $58,962,978,034 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $51,621,044,077 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $64,833,083,257 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $59,440,139,775 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $45,263,831,634 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $35,182,711,988 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $26,646,007,251 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $21,355,298,460 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $18,137,128,388 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $15,716,361,792 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $12,257,299,147 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $10,682,028,340 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $11,250,221,537 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $11,681,175,864 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $9,018,300,725 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $13,830,363,900 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $12,793,794,737 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $8,881,005,436 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $7,031,933,492 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $44,171,194,366 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $33,641,222,222 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $21,408,111,111 $926,884,816,754
1988 $14,372,555,556 $910,122,732,124
1987 $12,093,333,333 $745,162,608,269
1986 $10,092,200,000 $601,452,653,181
1985 $8,075,259,600 $489,285,164,271
1984 $10,447,615,385 $461,487,097,632
1983 $8,230,153,846 $489,618,008,186
1982 $8,732,542,274 $515,048,916,841
1981 $10,753,888,154 $540,765,675,241
1980 $8,951,800,000 $564,947,710,899
1979 $8,418,407,787 $438,994,070,309
1978 $8,128,719,315 $335,883,029,722
1977 $7,499,005,639 $263,066,457,352
1976 $6,013,210,816 $232,614,555,256
1975 $4,823,090,192 $241,756,637,168
1974 $3,958,931,660 $206,131,369,799
1973 $3,077,254,460 $192,537,971,583
1972 $2,483,055,722 $169,965,034,965
1971 $2,288,340,041 $148,113,896,325
1970 $2,100,229,759 $130,671,946,244
1969 $1,847,501,441 $116,464,702,803
1968 $1,677,771,401 $107,759,910,068
1967 $1,607,409,539 $113,116,888,211
1966 $1,484,491,676 $108,572,752,102
1965 $1,446,869,619 $101,824,755,079
1964 $1,388,282,600 $94,407,558,351
1963 $1,351,234,926 $86,561,961,812
1962 $1,328,259,625 $81,247,564,157
1961 $1,222,860,429 $77,741,965,703
1960 $1,126,364,162 $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/sudan/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Sudan vs United Kingdom by year

Sudan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Sudan United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $985 $2,116 $53,246 $62,009
2023 $797 $2,421 $49,944 $59,911
2022 $1,046 $3,355 $47,057 $59,022
2021 $712 $3,249 $47,691 $51,004
2020 $578 $3,349 $40,813 $48,230
2019 $710 $3,914 $43,159 $50,065
2018 $731 $4,199 $43,703 $47,212
2017 $967 $4,252 $40,917 $46,113
2016 $1,033 $4,470 $41,258 $44,085
2015 $1,292 $4,217 $45,255 $42,515
2014 $1,275 $4,261 $47,746 $41,267
2013 $1,139 $3,725 $43,607 $39,948
2012 $1,019 $3,710 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $1,522 $4,112 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $1,665 $3,806 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $1,493 $3,732 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $1,928 $3,938 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $1,814 $3,836 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $1,415 $3,637 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $1,125 $3,407 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $872 $3,215 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $714 $3,058 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $621 $2,898 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $551 $2,769 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $441 $2,616 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $394 $2,475 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $425 $2,428 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $453 $2,358 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $357 $2,006 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $561 $1,902 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $532 $1,805 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $379 $1,794 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $307 $1,710 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $1,966 $1,599 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $1,528 $1,468 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $992 - $16,239 -
1988 $680 - $15,987 -
1987 $584 - $13,119 -
1986 $497 - $10,611 -
1985 $406 - $8,652 -
1984 $534 - $8,179 -
1983 $431 - $8,692 -
1982 $472 - $9,146 -
1981 $605 - $9,599 -
1980 $525 - $10,032 -
1979 $515 - $7,805 -
1978 $518 - $5,977 -
1977 $497 - $4,681 -
1976 $413 - $4,138 -
1975 $343 - $4,300 -
1974 $291.5 - $3,666 -
1973 $235.8 - $3,426 -
1972 $198.2 - $3,030 -
1971 $189 - $2,650 -
1970 $179.6 - $2,348 -
1969 $163.5 - $2,101 -
1968 $153.7 - $1,952 -
1967 $152.4 - $2,059 -
1966 $145.6 - $1,987 -
1965 $146.8 - $1,874 -
1964 $145.7 - $1,748 -
1963 $146.6 - $1,613 -
1962 $148.9 - $1,526 -
1961 $141.6 - $1,472 -
1960 $134.7 - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/sudan/united-kingdom | CC BY

Sudan's GDP per capita is $985, ranking 179/197, compared to $53,246 in the United Kingdom, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Sudan ranks 185th at $2,116, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Sudan United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$49.7B
2024
$3.69T
2024
GDP rank
94/197
2024
6/197
2024
GDP growth
-14%
2023-2024
1.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$985
2024
$53,246
2024
GDP per capita rank
179/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$2,116
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
185/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$130B
2024
$3.73T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
261.4%
2024
101.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,574
2024
$53,900
2024
Government debt per person rank
109/185
2024
7/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,704
2026
$39,230
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,624,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
55
2025
Income share by richest 10%
27.8%
2014
24.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.2%
2014
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
6.39%
2024
44%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
138.8%
2021-2022
3.27%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.53%
2022
4.36%
2024
Population
53335233
70154914

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Sudan
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Sudan United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 6.39% 261.4% 44% 101.2%
2023 8.23% 259.9% 44.8% 100.4%
2022 17.9% 186.9% 44.1% 99.6%
2021 9.84% 189.6% 45.8% 105.1%
2020 10.9% 278.3% 50% 105.8%
2019 18.7% 216.5% 38.8% 85.7%
2018 16.8% 209.8% 38.9% 86.3%
2017 12.8% 149.5% 39.2% 86.7%
2016 9.98% 109.9% 39.6% 87.8%
2015 12.4% 93.2% 40.4% 87.9%
2014 13.5% 84.4% 41.2% 87.1%
2013 15.3% 105.8% 41.8% 85.3%
2012 16.5% 117.7% 43.6% 84.5%
2011 18.2% 78.1% 43.5% 81.4%
2010 17.4% 74.6% 44.7% 75.9%
2009 18.8% 71% 44.6% 64.9%
2008 19.7% 55.8% 41% 50.8%
2007 19.6% 53.7% 38.7% 43.2%
2006 18.8% 63.7% 38.4% 42.1%
2005 19.7% 75.5% 38.4% 41%
2004 16.5% 97.8% 38% 39.8%
2003 12.5% 117.4% 37.2% 36.8%
2002 10.5% 121.7% 35.9% 35.4%
2001 9.87% 125.6% 34.7% 35%
2000 10.4% 143.2% 33.9% 37.7%
1999 8.4% 160.5% 33.9% 40.4%
1998 7.79% 179.7% 34.5% 42%
1997 7.38% 167.7% 34.9% 44.1%
1996 9.31% 220.9% 35.7% 43.7%
1995 12.9% 239% 37.6% 43.7%
1994 19.6% 386% 37.5% 40.7%
1993 23.7% 285.9% 37.8% 38%
1992 50.4% 495% 37.8% 33.2%
1991 45.7% - 35.9% 28.5%
1990 31% - 35% 28.5%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/sudan/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Sudan's government spending was $3.17B, accounting for 6.39% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.62T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 261.4% in Sudan and 101.2% in the United Kingdom, ranking 1/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Sudan

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Sudan United Kingdom
2024 -3.46% -5.75%
2023 -3.7% -6.05%
2022 -2.15% -4.56%
2021 -0.29% -7.72%
2020 -6.03% -13.2%
2019 -10.8% -2.47%
2018 -7.92% -2.27%
2017 -6.07% -2.49%
2016 -3.92% -3.31%
2015 -3.87% -4.59%
2014 -4.72% -5.53%
2013 -5.76% -5.34%
2012 -7.37% -7.45%
2011 -2.33% -7.38%
2010 0.11% -9.22%
2009 -3.8% -10.1%
2008 0.49% -5.09%
2007 -2.84% -2.65%
2006 -1.32% -2.76%
2005 -1.88% -3.15%
2004 0.16% -3.16%
2003 0.77% -3.22%
2002 -0.69% -1.96%
2001 -0.77% 0.34%
2000 -0.7% 1.4%
1999 -0.8% 0.76%
1998 -0.56% -0.21%
1997 -0.59% -2.01%
1996 -2.61% -3.65%
1995 -3.48% -4.99%
1994 -3.03% -5.74%
1993 -8.04% -6.62%
1992 -24.5% -5.41%
1991 -26.5% -2.77%
1990 -16.2% -1.54%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/sudan/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Sudan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.72B, equivalent to 3.46% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $212B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Sudan recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Sudan posted an annual deficit equal to 4.72% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.28% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Sudan

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Sudan United Kingdom
2024 - 3.27%
2023 - 6.79%
2022 138.8% 7.92%
2021 359% 2.52%
2020 163.3% 0.99%
2019 51% 1.74%
2018 63.3% 2.29%
2017 32.4% 2.56%
2016 17.8% 1.01%
2015 16.9% 0.37%
2014 36.9% 1.45%
2013 36.5% 2.29%
2012 35.6% 2.57%
2011 18.1% 3.86%
2010 13% 2.49%
2009 11.3% 1.96%
2008 14.3% 3.52%
2007 14.8% 2.39%
2006 7.2% 2.46%
2005 8.51% 2.09%
2004 9.66% 1.39%
2003 6.49% 1.38%
2002 22.2% 1.52%
2001 1.94% 1.53%
2000 7.12% 1.18%
1999 17.2% 1.75%
1998 24.6% 1.82%
1997 47.2% 2.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/sudan/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 26 years, Sudan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 45.2%, compared with 2.2% in the United Kingdom. In 2022, inflation was 138.8% in Sudan and 3.27% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Sudan
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $8.16M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $509K
Machinery & equipment $5K
Raw materials & minerals $1K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $12.8M
Raw agricultural goods $3.31M
Chemicals & pharma $2.27M
Metals $1.65M
Raw materials & minerals $1.44M
Textiles & consumer goods $919K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $712K
Animal & marine products $333K
Wood & paper products $83K
Precious metals & jewellery $53K

Balance of trade

Sudan United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$4.44B
2022
-$80.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
165/190
2022
189/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-8.6%
2022
-2.19%
2024
Goods imports
$9.99B
2022
$763B
2024
Goods exports
$4.36B
2022
$494B
2024
Service imports
$1.59B
2022
$411B
2024
Service exports
$1.55B
2022
$648B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
1.27%
2024
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
0.72%
2024
31%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Sudan United Kingdom
Economic freedom 32.5 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 191/197 35/197
Property rights 6.5 93.6
Government integrity 13.8 83
Judicial effectiveness 2.4 83.1
Tax burden 84.7 61.7
Government spending 96.5 41.1
Fiscal health 64.6 32.4
Business freedom 27.3 83.6
Labor freedom 33.6 61.2
Monetary freedom 6.2 71.9
Trade freedom 29.6 82.8
Investment freedom 5 70
Financial freedom 20 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Sudan
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Sudan United Kingdom
2026 32.5 70.4
2025 35.3 69.3
2024 33.9 68.6
2023 32.8 69.9
2022 32 72.7
2021 39.1 78.4
2020 45 79.3
2019 47.7 78.9
2018 49.4 78
2017 48.8 76.4
2016 - 76.4
2015 - 75.8
2014 - 74.9
2013 - 74.8
2012 - 74.1
2011 - 74.5
2010 - 76.5
2009 - 79
2008 - 79.4
2007 - 79.9
2006 - 80.4
2005 - 79.2
2004 - 77.7
2003 - 77.5
2002 - 78.5
2001 - 77.6
2000 47.2 77.3
1999 39.6 76.2
1998 38.3 76.5
1997 39.9 76.4
1996 39.2 76.4
1995 39.4 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/sudan/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Sudan is 32.5, ranking 191/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Sudan United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
54.7%
2024
72.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
17.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
22.2%
2024
0.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$35.8B
2024
$3.42T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$2,050
2024
$61,460
2024
Total reserves including gold
$178M
2017
$175B
2024
Total reserves ranking
171/177
2017
19/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$574M
2022
$42.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$548M
2023
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$0
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
0.42%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
46.5%
2020
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
2.89%
2024
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sudan/united-kingdom | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2018–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.