Skip to content

Economy of Cambodia vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Cambodia has a GDP of $46.4B compared to $3.69T for the United Kingdom, ranking 97/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Cambodia has $12B in government debt (25.9% of GDP), compared to $3.73T (101.2% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Cambodia vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Cambodia
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Cambodia United Kingdom
2024 $46,352,647,037 $3,686,033,044,482
2023 $42,335,646,896 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $39,994,532,960 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $36,790,163,687 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $34,818,073,901 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $36,685,356,408 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $33,145,892,169 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $29,355,665,910 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $26,556,545,153 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $24,174,170,369 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $22,041,463,968 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $19,807,135,253 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $17,826,536,700 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $16,032,622,024 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $13,808,673,288 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $12,502,901,170 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $12,174,303,999 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $10,127,916,460 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $8,350,531,017 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $7,066,296,463 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $5,883,297,160 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $5,046,693,484 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $4,501,227,627 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $4,145,665,970 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $3,694,168,979 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $3,517,242,477 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $3,120,425,503 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $3,443,413,389 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $3,506,695,720 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $3,441,205,693 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $2,791,435,272 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $2,533,727,592 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $2,491,486,594 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $2,054,974,089 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $1,402,541,177 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $1,353,137,648 $926,884,816,754
1988 $1,662,877,859 $910,122,732,124
1987 $1,036,974,910 $745,162,608,269
1986 $1,167,630,318 $601,452,653,181
1985 $1,102,669,184 $489,285,164,271
1984 $1,021,176,059 $461,487,097,632
1983 $939,291,262 $489,618,008,186
1982 $865,516,040 $515,048,916,841
1981 $815,153,652 $540,765,675,241
1980 $744,384,130 $564,947,710,899
1979 $723,738,503 $438,994,070,309
1978 $766,642,356 $335,883,029,722
1977 $716,261,764 $263,066,457,352
1976 $790,357,255 $232,614,555,256
1975 $749,129,748 $241,756,637,168
1974 - $206,131,369,799
1973 - $192,537,971,583
1972 - $169,965,034,965
1971 - $148,113,896,325
1970 - $130,671,946,244
1969 - $116,464,702,803
1968 - $107,759,910,068
1967 - $113,116,888,211
1966 - $108,572,752,102
1965 - $101,824,755,079
1964 - $94,407,558,351
1963 - $86,561,961,812
1962 - $81,247,564,157
1961 - $77,741,965,703
1960 - $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Cambodia vs United Kingdom by year

Cambodia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Cambodia United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $2,628 $7,967 $53,246 $62,009
2023 $2,430 $7,431 $49,944 $59,911
2022 $2,325 $6,919 $47,057 $59,022
2021 $2,167 $6,226 $47,691 $51,004
2020 $2,082 $5,942 $40,813 $48,230
2019 $2,226 $6,154 $43,159 $50,065
2018 $2,037 $5,617 $43,703 $47,212
2017 $1,826 $5,050 $40,917 $46,113
2016 $1,675 $4,748 $41,258 $44,085
2015 $1,547 $4,434 $45,255 $42,515
2014 $1,432 $4,118 $47,746 $41,267
2013 $1,306 $3,891 $43,607 $39,948
2012 $1,193 $3,583 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $1,089 $3,223 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $952 $2,989 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $876 $2,854 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $866 $2,769 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $732 $2,566 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $612 $2,297 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $526 $2,038 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $444 $1,770 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $387 $1,598 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $350 $1,442 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $328 $1,357 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $296.4 $1,256 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $286.8 $1,134 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $258.8 $1,009 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $297.6 $994 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $325 $1,006 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $343 $1,006 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $302 $972 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $294.1 $1,565 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $307 $1,560 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $267.3 $1,504 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $190.2 $1,410 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $191.3 - $16,239 -
1988 $244.1 - $15,987 -
1987 $158.1 - $13,119 -
1986 $185.8 - $10,611 -
1985 $182.4 - $8,652 -
1984 $174.7 - $8,179 -
1983 $166.7 - $8,692 -
1982 $159.2 - $9,146 -
1981 $154.3 - $9,599 -
1980 $143.2 - $10,032 -
1979 $142.2 - $7,805 -
1978 $147.1 - $5,977 -
1977 $126.4 - $4,681 -
1976 $128.8 - $4,138 -
1975 $113.8 - $4,300 -
1974 - - $3,666 -
1973 - - $3,426 -
1972 - - $3,030 -
1971 - - $2,650 -
1970 - - $2,348 -
1969 - - $2,101 -
1968 - - $1,952 -
1967 - - $2,059 -
1966 - - $1,987 -
1965 - - $1,874 -
1964 - - $1,748 -
1963 - - $1,613 -
1962 - - $1,526 -
1961 - - $1,472 -
1960 - - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/united-kingdom | CC BY

Cambodia's GDP per capita is $2,628, ranking 145/197, compared to $53,246 in the United Kingdom, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Cambodia ranks 142nd at $7,967, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Cambodia United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$46.4B
2024
$3.69T
2024
GDP rank
97/197
2024
6/197
2024
GDP growth
5.98%
2023-2024
1.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$2,628
2024
$53,246
2024
GDP per capita rank
145/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,967
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
142/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$12B
2024
$3.73T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
25.9%
2024
101.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$681
2024
$53,900
2024
Government debt per person rank
156/185
2024
7/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,258
2026
$39,230
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,624,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
55
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
24.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
17.3%
2024
44%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
0.9%
2023-2024
3.27%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
0.26%
2023
4.36%
2024
Population
18113986
70154914

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Cambodia
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Cambodia United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 17.3% 25.9% 44% 101.2%
2023 19.1% 26.3% 44.8% 100.4%
2022 18.7% 25.5% 44.1% 99.6%
2021 21% 25.9% 45.8% 105.1%
2020 20.3% 25.2% 50% 105.8%
2019 17.6% 20.8% 38.8% 85.7%
2018 16.1% 21.1% 38.9% 86.3%
2017 16.2% 22.6% 39.2% 86.7%
2016 15.2% 21.8% 39.6% 87.8%
2015 14.5% 23.3% 40.4% 87.9%
2014 16.5% 24.2% 41.2% 87.1%
2013 16.4% 24.4% 41.8% 85.3%
2012 17.1% 24.9% 43.6% 84.5%
2011 16.5% 23.8% 43.5% 81.4%
2010 17% 23.4% 44.7% 75.9%
2009 17% 23.7% 44.6% 64.9%
2008 13.1% 23% 41% 50.8%
2007 12.3% 25.1% 38.7% 43.2%
2006 11.3% 26.7% 38.4% 42.1%
2005 11% 31.7% 38.4% 41%
2004 12.6% 38.7% 38% 39.8%
2003 14.5% 39.8% 37.2% 36.8%
2002 16.1% 37.8% 35.9% 35.4%
2001 14.5% 33.5% 34.7% 35%
2000 14.9% 34.9% 33.9% 37.7%
1999 13.8% 34.6% 33.9% 40.4%
1998 13.4% 37.2% 34.5% 42%
1997 12.4% 31.4% 34.9% 44.1%
1996 15.7% 30.1% 35.7% 43.7%
1995 - - 37.6% 43.7%
1994 - - 37.5% 40.7%
1993 - - 37.8% 38%
1992 - - 37.8% 33.2%
1991 - - 35.9% 28.5%
1990 - - 35% 28.5%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Cambodia's government spending was $8B, accounting for 17.3% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.62T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 25.9% in Cambodia and 101.2% in the United Kingdom, ranking 164/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Cambodia

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Cambodia United Kingdom
2024 -2.67% -5.75%
2023 -2.83% -6.05%
2022 -0.29% -4.56%
2021 -5.18% -7.72%
2020 -2.53% -13.2%
2019 2.19% -2.47%
2018 0.28% -2.27%
2017 -0.76% -2.49%
2016 -0.29% -3.31%
2015 -0.65% -4.59%
2014 -1.24% -5.53%
2013 -2.01% -5.34%
2012 -3.57% -7.45%
2011 -3.76% -7.38%
2010 -3.09% -9.22%
2009 -3.98% -10.1%
2008 0.43% -5.09%
2007 0.62% -2.65%
2006 -0.15% -2.76%
2005 -0.34% -3.15%
2004 -3.23% -3.16%
2003 -5.69% -3.22%
2002 -6.07% -1.96%
2001 -4.95% 0.34%
2000 -4.76% 1.4%
1999 -3.79% 0.76%
1998 -5.35% -0.21%
1997 -3.7% -2.01%
1996 -7.53% -3.65%
1995 - -4.99%
1994 - -5.74%
1993 - -6.62%
1992 - -5.41%
1991 - -2.77%
1990 - -1.54%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Cambodia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.24B, equivalent to 2.67% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $212B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Cambodia recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Cambodia posted an annual deficit equal to 2.58% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.23% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Cambodia

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Cambodia United Kingdom
2024 0.9% 3.27%
2023 2.1% 6.79%
2022 5.3% 7.92%
2021 2.9% 2.52%
2020 2.9% 0.99%
2019 2% 1.74%
2018 2.4% 2.29%
2017 2.9% 2.56%
2016 3% 1.01%
2015 1.2% 0.37%
2014 3.9% 1.45%
2013 2.9% 2.29%
2012 2.9% 2.57%
2011 5.5% 3.86%
2010 4% 2.49%
2009 -0.7% 1.96%
2008 25% 3.52%
2007 7.7% 2.39%
2006 6.1% 2.46%
2005 6.3% 2.09%
2004 3.9% 1.39%
2003 1% 1.38%
2002 0% 1.52%
2001 -0.1% 1.53%
2000 -0.8% 1.18%
1999 2% 1.75%
1998 12.9% 1.82%
1997 10.5% 2.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Cambodia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.24%, compared with 2.4% in the United Kingdom. In 2024, inflation was 0.9% in Cambodia and 3.27% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Cambodia
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $872M
Machinery & equipment $49.3M
Raw agricultural goods $27.2M
Miscellaneous $4.81M
Chemicals & pharma $2.56M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.01M
Raw materials & minerals $995K
Wood & paper products $461K
Metals $458K
Precious metals & jewellery $149K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $10.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $10.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $9.95M
Chemicals & pharma $2.58M
Raw materials & minerals $1.52M
Raw agricultural goods $987K
Metals $510K
Precious metals & jewellery $485K
Wood & paper products $443K
Animal & marine products $343K

Balance of trade

Cambodia United Kingdom
Current account balance
$228M
2024
-$80.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
65/190
2024
189/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.49%
2024
-2.19%
2024
Goods imports
$31.2B
2024
$763B
2024
Goods exports
$26.8B
2024
$494B
2024
Service imports
$3.08B
2024
$411B
2024
Service exports
$4.97B
2024
$648B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
72.1%
2024
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
71.4%
2024
31%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Cambodia United Kingdom
Economic freedom 58.7 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 108/197 35/197
Property rights 38.1 93.6
Government integrity 18.9 83
Judicial effectiveness 21.2 83.1
Tax burden 90.3 61.7
Government spending 89.9 41.1
Fiscal health 92.7 32.4
Business freedom 60.8 83.6
Labor freedom 48.3 61.2
Monetary freedom 77 71.9
Trade freedom 67.8 82.8
Investment freedom 50 70
Financial freedom 50 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Cambodia
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Cambodia United Kingdom
2026 58.7 70.4
2025 58.2 69.3
2024 55.6 68.6
2023 56.5 69.9
2022 57.1 72.7
2021 57.3 78.4
2020 57.3 79.3
2019 57.8 78.9
2018 58.7 78
2017 59.5 76.4
2016 57.9 76.4
2015 57.5 75.8
2014 57.4 74.9
2013 58.5 74.8
2012 57.6 74.1
2011 57.9 74.5
2010 56.6 76.5
2009 56.6 79
2008 55.9 79.4
2007 55.9 79.9
2006 56.7 80.4
2005 60 79.2
2004 61.1 77.7
2003 63.7 77.5
2002 60.7 78.5
2001 59.6 77.6
2000 59.3 77.3
1999 59.9 76.2
1998 59.8 76.5
1997 52.8 76.4
1996 - 76.4
1995 - 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Cambodia is 58.7, ranking 108/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Cambodia United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
35.6%
2024
72.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
41.8%
2024
17.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.6%
2024
0.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$44.9B
2024
$3.42T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$7,910
2024
$61,460
2024
Total reserves including gold
$22.5B
2024
$175B
2024
Total reserves ranking
58/177
2024
19/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$4.22B
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$4.39B
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$172M
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.41%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
17.7%
2012
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
32.2%
2024
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/united-kingdom | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.