Fertility & birth rates in Ethiopia and Sudan

Fertility rate in Ethiopia vs Sudan chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Ethiopia was 3.99 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.32 in Sudan in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Ethiopia vs Sudan population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Ethiopia	Sudan
1960	6.51	6.66
1961	6.53	6.66
1962	6.56	6.7
1963	6.59	6.76
1964	6.61	6.8
1965	6.63	6.84
1966	6.66	6.88
1967	6.68	6.91
1968	6.7	6.95
1969	6.72	6.97
1970	6.78	6.99
1971	6.84	7.02
1972	6.9	6.98
1973	6.96	6.94
1974	7.02	6.91
1975	7.08	6.87
1976	7.13	6.82
1977	7.19	6.78
1978	7.23	6.72
1979	7.25	6.65
1980	7.29	6.59
1981	7.31	6.53
1982	7.34	6.47
1983	7.35	6.41
1984	7.36	6.34
1985	7.34	6.28
1986	7.32	6.23
1987	7.29	6.18
1988	7.26	6.13
1989	7.23	6.11
1990	7.2	6.07
1991	7.16	6.05
1992	7.13	6.02
1993	7.09	5.97
1994	7.05	5.91
1995	7	5.86
1996	6.93	5.79
1997	6.87	5.72
1998	6.79	5.65
1999	6.72	5.62
2000	6.65	5.6
2001	6.58	5.56
2002	6.5	5.53
2003	6.4	5.49
2004	6.3	5.46
2005	6.19	5.4
2006	6.05	5.33
2007	5.89	5.27
2008	5.7	5.21
2009	5.49	5.17
2010	5.28	5.14
2011	5.08	5.09
2012	4.89	5.03
2013	4.71	4.97
2014	4.61	4.91
2015	4.53	4.9
2016	4.47	4.83
2017	4.4	4.76
2018	4.37	4.68
2019	4.35	4.62
2020	4.27	4.54
2021	4.18	4.46
2022	4.08	4.38
2023	3.99	4.32
2024	3.91	4.26
2025	3.81	4.19
2026	3.72	4.13
2027	3.64	4.06
2028	3.57	4
2029	3.5	3.95
2030	3.43	3.88
2031	3.36	3.82
2032	3.3	3.77
2033	3.24	3.7
2034	3.19	3.66
2035	3.14	3.6
2036	3.08	3.54
2037	3.03	3.49
2038	2.99	3.45
2039	2.94	3.4
2040	2.9	3.36
2041	2.86	3.32
2042	2.83	3.28
2043	2.79	3.24
2044	2.75	3.2
2045	2.72	3.17
2046	2.68	3.13
2047	2.65	3.1
2048	2.62	3.07
2049	2.59	3.03
2050	2.55	3

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Ethiopia	Sudan
1960	42.2%	46.5%
1961	42.2%	46.6%
1962	42.1%	46.6%
1963	42.2%	46.7%
1964	42.3%	46.9%
1965	42.5%	47%
1966	42.9%	47.1%
1967	43.2%	47.2%
1968	43.5%	47.3%
1969	43.8%	47.4%
1970	44.2%	47.5%
1971	44.5%	47.6%
1972	44.9%	47.7%
1973	45.2%	47.9%
1974	45.4%	48.1%
1975	45.6%	48%
1976	45.7%	47.8%
1977	45.9%	47.7%
1978	46.1%	47.4%
1979	46.2%	47.1%
1980	46.3%	46.8%
1981	46.4%	46.6%
1982	46.5%	46.4%
1983	46.4%	46.3%
1984	46.2%	46.2%
1985	46.1%	46.1%
1986	46%	46.1%
1987	46%	46%
1988	46%	46%
1989	46.1%	46.1%
1990	46.2%	46.1%
1991	46.2%	46.2%
1992	46.2%	46.3%
1993	46.4%	46.3%
1994	46.5%	46.3%
1995	46.7%	46.3%
1996	46.9%	46.2%
1997	47.1%	46.2%
1998	47.4%	46.1%
1999	47.6%	45.9%
2000	47.7%	45.8%
2001	47.8%	45.7%
2002	47.8%	45.6%
2003	47.7%	45.6%
2004	47.6%	45.5%
2005	47.4%	45.4%
2006	47.2%	45.3%
2007	46.9%	45.1%
2008	46.6%	44.9%
2009	46.2%	44.7%
2010	45.7%	44.6%
2011	45.2%	44.6%
2012	44.6%	44.5%
2013	44%	44.4%
2014	43.4%	44%
2015	42.9%	43.6%
2016	42.3%	43.1%
2017	41.8%	42.6%
2018	41.3%	42%
2019	40.9%	41.7%
2020	40.5%	41.4%
2021	40.1%	41.2%
2022	39.7%	40.9%
2023	39.4%	40.6%
2024	39.1%	40.5%
2025	38.8%	40.2%
2026	38.5%	39.8%
2027	38.3%	39.5%
2028	38.1%	39.3%
2029	37.8%	39.1%
2030	37.6%	38.9%
2031	37.3%	38.6%
2032	37%	38.3%
2033	36.6%	37.9%
2034	36.2%	37.5%
2035	35.8%	37.1%
2036	35.4%	36.7%
2037	34.9%	36.3%
2038	34.5%	35.9%
2039	34%	35.5%
2040	33.6%	35.1%
2041	33.2%	34.7%
2042	32.8%	34.3%
2043	32.4%	33.9%
2044	32%	33.6%
2045	31.7%	33.2%
2046	31.3%	32.8%
2047	31%	32.5%
2048	30.7%	32.2%
2049	30.3%	31.9%
2050	30%	31.6%

Children aged 0-14 make up 39.1% of the population in Ethiopia and 40.5% in Sudan in 2024, compared to 46.2% and 46.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Ethiopia and Sudan compared.

Natural population change in Ethiopia vs Sudan by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.64% in Ethiopia and +2.79% in Sudan. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Ethiopia	Sudan
1960	511,694	262,235
1961	538,518	272,562
1962	563,650	287,317
1963	590,998	302,132
1964	618,667	315,166
1965	642,359	327,799
1966	616,281	342,118
1967	695,283	356,599
1968	715,602	370,917
1969	736,428	385,712
1970	760,821	401,013
1971	787,047	417,641
1972	779,808	428,340
1973	807,535	439,201
1974	777,306	444,456
1975	801,425	454,813
1976	899,577	470,019
1977	929,381	483,089
1978	943,388	497,987
1979	987,203	524,942
1980	1,007,516	552,930
1981	1,018,838	585,087
1982	1,080,853	606,362
1983	863,472	570,198
1984	920,670	577,405
1985	997,050	583,382
1986	1,050,277	649,649
1987	1,356,853	658,416
1988	1,393,356	672,604
1989	1,441,769	683,743
1990	1,479,663	699,953
1991	1,579,416	714,612
1992	1,673,839	731,177
1993	1,734,851	743,249
1994	1,788,133	764,645
1995	1,831,068	780,700
1996	1,896,364	792,926
1997	1,945,112	802,245
1998	1,984,989	814,752
1999	2,010,987	835,840
2000	2,083,622	858,536
2001	2,137,791	880,284
2002	2,189,683	897,965
2003	2,231,223	898,226
2004	2,296,999	889,382
2005	2,353,375	907,017
2006	2,393,585	963,740
2007	2,436,753	992,819
2008	2,465,283	1,001,826
2009	2,467,118	1,041,810
2010	2,498,048	1,068,381
2011	2,527,811	1,070,888
2012	2,533,398	1,073,062
2013	2,546,020	1,078,446
2014	2,623,647	1,097,962
2015	2,713,529	1,145,259
2016	2,809,889	1,174,422
2017	2,899,143	1,208,046
2018	3,015,231	1,257,387
2019	3,132,780	1,291,747
2020	3,199,718	1,295,781
2021	3,204,673	1,293,817
2022	3,300,114	1,333,992
2023	3,338,649	1,361,564

Maternal mortality chart: Ethiopia vs Sudan

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 195 deaths per 100,000 live births in Ethiopia, compared to 256 deaths in Sudan.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Ethiopia	Sudan
1985	1,329	980
1986	1,317	938
1987	1,289	914
1988	1,306	877
1989	1,296	881
1990	1,320	840
1991	1,239	873
1992	1,218	863
1993	1,168	839
1994	1,113	775
1995	1,060	730
1996	1,008	712
1997	957	681
1998	911	669
1999	901	662
2000	870	645
2001	856	616
2002	826	588
2003	797	593
2004	764	536
2005	754	506
2006	729	485
2007	704	445
2008	678	426
2009	649	382
2010	619	370
2011	588	357
2012	545	340
2013	494	327
2014	444	309
2015	401	298
2016	364	288
2017	327	277
2018	297	268
2019	269	262
2020	244	273
2021	250	305
2022	207	263
2023	195	256

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.65% in Ethiopia and 5.01% in Sudan. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Ethiopia	Sudan
1960	-	17.8%
1961	-	17.5%
1962	-	17.2%
1963	-	17%
1964	-	16.7%
1965	-	16.5%
1966	27.8%	16.3%
1967	24.9%	16.2%
1968	24.8%	16%
1969	24.8%	15.9%
1970	24.7%	15.8%
1971	24.7%	15.7%
1972	24.7%	15.6%
1973	24.6%	15.5%
1974	28.3%	15.4%
1975	28.2%	15.3%
1976	24.5%	15.2%
1977	24.5%	15.1%
1978	24.4%	15%
1979	24.2%	14.9%
1980	24%	14.8%
1981	23.8%	14.6%
1982	23.5%	14.5%
1983	32%	18.2%
1984	31.4%	18%
1985	30.3%	17.8%
1986	29.7%	14%
1987	21.5%	13.8%
1988	21%	13.6%
1989	20.6%	13.4%
1990	20.2%	13.2%
1991	19.7%	13%
1992	19.1%	12.7%
1993	18.5%	12.5%
1994	17.9%	12.2%
1995	17.2%	11.9%
1996	16.6%	11.6%
1997	15.9%	11.3%
1998	15.3%	11%
1999	14.7%	10.7%
2000	14%	10.3%
2001	13.4%	9.99%
2002	12.8%	9.65%
2003	12.1%	9.31%
2004	11.5%	10.3%
2005	10.9%	10%
2006	10.3%	8.4%
2007	9.74%	8.13%
2008	9.23%	7.88%
2009	8.76%	7.64%
2010	8.32%	7.42%
2011	7.91%	7.22%
2012	7.53%	7.02%
2013	7.16%	6.83%
2014	6.82%	6.64%
2015	6.49%	6.45%
2016	6.17%	6.26%
2017	5.89%	6.07%
2018	5.64%	5.89%
2019	5.41%	5.71%
2020	5.2%	5.53%
2021	5%	5.36%
2022	4.82%	5.18%
2023	4.65%	5.01%